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The following is a brief history of the North American rail system, mainly through major changes to
Class I railroads , the largest class by operating revenue.
1930
The
Gulf, Mobile and Northern Railroad acquires control of the
New Orleans Great Northern Railroad .[
citation needed ]
January 1: The
Illinois Terminal Company leases the
Alton and Eastern Railroad (not Class I), a short piece of the former
Chicago, Peoria and St. Louis Railroad .
[1]
January 10: The
Duluth, Missabe and Northern Railway leases the
Duluth and Iron Range Railroad .
[2]
January 31:
Canadian National Railway subsidiary
Central Vermont Railway is reorganized without change of name after a receivership beginning December 12, 1927.
[3]
February 1: The
New York Central Railroad leases subsidiaries
Cincinnati Northern Railroad ,
Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway ,
Evansville, Indianapolis and Terre Haute Railway , and
Michigan Central Railroad .
[4]
April 1: The
Delaware and Hudson Railroad begins operating the former property of the
Delaware and Hudson Company .
[5]
April 14:
Louisiana and Arkansas Railway subsidiary
Louisiana Railway and Navigation Company of Texas is renamed
Louisiana, Arkansas and Texas Railway .
[6]
April 30: The
Chesapeake and Ohio Railway acquires the property of subsidiary
Hocking Valley Railway .
[7]
July 1: The
Pennsylvania Railroad leases subsidiary
West Jersey and Seashore Railroad .
[8]
July 7: The
Trinity and Brazos Valley Railway , in receivership since June 16, 1914, and under joint control by the
Colorado and Southern Railway (
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad system) and
Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway since 1906,
[9]
[10] leaves receivership and is renamed
Burlington-Rock Island Railroad .
[11]
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
The
Savannah and Atlanta Railway (not yet Class I), in receivership since March 4, 1921
[22] and trusteeship since January 1, 1937,
[31] is reorganized under the same name.[
citation needed ]
The
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad acquires a portion of the property of subsidiary
Quincy, Omaha and Kansas City Railroad (no longer Class I), and the rest is abandoned.
[32]
The
Kansas City Southern Railway gains control of the
Louisiana and Arkansas Railway .
July 1: The
Louisiana, Arkansas and Texas Railway merges into parent
Louisiana and Arkansas Railway .
[33]
September 1: The
Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway leases
Texas subsidiary
Chicago, Rock Island and Gulf Railway .
[34]
October 11: In receivership since June 1, 1931,
[22] the
Fort Smith and Western Railway abandons all operations. A portion is acquired by
Kansas City Southern Railway subsidiary
Fort Smith and Van Buren Railway (not Class I).
[32]
December 29: The
Northern Alabama Railway merges into parent
Southern Railway .
[35]
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
February 1: The
Akron, Canton and Youngstown Railroad begins operating the former Akron, Canton and Youngstown Railway,
[51] in trusteeship since April 4, 1933.
[48]
September 1: The
Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railroad begins operating the former Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railway,
[52] in trusteeship since January 1, 1938.
[53]
December 23: The
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad acquires the property of lessor
Toledo and Cincinnati Railroad ,
[54] which acquired it from the
Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton Railway in 1917.
1945
Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway subsidiary
Oregon Electric Railway de-electrifies.
May 25: The
Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad buys the
Alton Railroad from the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad .
[55]
December 1: The
Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad reorganizes without change of name, exiting a bankruptcy it entered on June 29, 1935.
[56] in receivership since March 18, 1925.
[57]
December 14: The
Illinois Terminal Railroad is reorganized under the same name, leaving
Illinois Power and Light Corporation control.
[29]
December 26: The
Illinois Central Railroad acquires the property of subsidiary
Gulf and Ship Island Railroad .
[58]
December 28: The
Syracuse, Binghamton and New York Railroad merges into lessee
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad .
[59]
December 31: The
Perkiomen Railroad merges into lessee
Reading Company .
[60]
1946
January 1: The
Atlanta, Birmingham and Coast Railroad merges into the
Atlantic Coast Line Railroad , its parent since 1927.
May 1: The
Chicago, Indianapolis and Louisville Railway , better known as the Monon Railroad, in trusteeship since January 1, 1934,
[32] reorganizes under the same name, and is freed from its former joint control by the
Louisville and Nashville Railroad and
Southern Railway .
[61]
July 1: The
Illinois Central Railroad acquires the property of subsidiary
Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad .
[58]
August 1: The
Seaboard Air Line Railroad acquires the former Seaboard Air Line Railway,
[62] in receivership since December 23, 1930.
[63]
August 5:
Central Railroad of New Jersey subsidiary
Central Railroad of Pennsylvania , renamed from
Easton and Western Railroad in early 1944, begins operating the Pennsylvania lines of the CNJ.
[64]
September 7: The
Missouri and Arkansas Railway ceases operations due to a
strike . Portions are taken over by the
Helena and Northwestern Railway (in 1949) and
Arkansas and Ozarks Railway (in 1950), and the remainder is abandoned.
[14] Both successor shortlines soon go out of business, though the
Cotton Plant-Fargo Railway continues to operate a piece of the old H&NW into the 1970s.
November 7: The property of lessor
Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers Railroad is conveyed to lessee
Boston and Maine Railroad from
Wells River south to
White River Junction , and to the
Newport and Richford Railroad (leased to the
Canadian Pacific Railway ) from Wells River north to that company's line at
Newport (and beyond to the Canada–US border[
citation needed ] ).
[65]
December 31: The
Pennsylvania Railroad and
New York Central Railroad subsidiary
Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad buy joint control of the
Montour Railroad
[66] from the
Consolidated Coal Company .
1947
April 1: The
Pittsburg, Shawmut and Northern Railroad , in receivership since August 1, 1905,
[67] ceases operations.
April 11: The
Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad exits a trusteeship that it entered on November 1, 1935, free of its former joint control by the
Missouri Pacific Railroad and
Western Pacific Railroad parent
Western Pacific Railroad Corporation . Simultaneously, the
Denver and Salt Lake Railway , which had been controlled by the
Reconstruction Finance Corporation ,
[68] is merged into the D&RGW.
[69]
May: The
Chesapeake and Ohio Railway sells its minority share of the
Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway to the
New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad , giving that company a majority of W&LE stock.
[70] The three companies have been affiliated since the
Van Sweringen brothers purchased a minority of stock in the 1920s.
May 31: The
Alton Railroad is merged into the
Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad , its parent since 1945.
[55]
June 6: The
Pere Marquette Railway merges into the
Chesapeake and Ohio Railway ,
[71] with which it has been affiliated since the
Van Sweringen brothers purchased a minority of stock in the 1920s.
September 18: The
New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad reorganizes,
[72] ending a trusteeship that began on October 23, 1935.
[26]
December 31: The
Oahu Railway and Land Company abandons its line outside
Honolulu .
1948
The
Bingham and Garfield Railway is closed and replaced by a
private railroad .
January 1: The
Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad begins operating the properties of the former Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway
[73] and lessor
Chicago, Rock Island and Gulf Railway ,
[34] in trusteeship since June 8 and November 1, 1933, respectively.
[74]
July 1: The
Central of Georgia Railway , no longer under
Illinois Central Railroad control, is reorganized under the same name,
[75] ending a receivership that began on December 20, 1932.
[74]
August 4: The
Texas and Northern Railway is incorporated to take over the existing
private railroad of the
Lone Star Steel Company .
[76] It immediately becomes Class I.
[75]
December 28: The
St. Louis-San Francisco Railway acquires control of the
Alabama, Tennessee and Northern Railroad (not yet Class I).
[77]
December 31: The
Chicago, Terre Haute and Southeastern Railway merges into lessee
Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad .
[75]
December 31: The
Fort Worth and Rio Grande Railway merges into lessee
Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway (
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway system).
[75] The
Pecos and Northern Texas Railway , also part of the AT&SF system, merges into the
Panhandle and Santa Fe Railway , which leases its line west of
Sweetwater ; the GC&SF continues to lease the line, now owned by the P&SF, east of Sweetwater.
[78]
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
The
Wellsville, Addison and Galeton Railroad (not Class I) takes over operations from the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad of much of the former
Buffalo and Susquehanna Railroad , isolated from the rest of the B&O by a 1942 flood. The WA&G will be abandoned on March 13, 1979.
January 11: The
Chicago, Indianapolis and Louisville Railway is renamed
Monon Railroad .
[92]
February 1:
Western Pacific Railroad subsidiary
Sacramento Northern Railway , in trusteeship since December 22, 1953, is reorganized without change of name.
[93]
March 1: As part of the
Missouri Pacific Railroad 's plan to end a bankruptcy dating from 1933, it absorbs 23 subsidiaries, including some Class I railroads:
New Orleans, Texas and Mexico Railway (
Gulf Coast Lines ),
Beaumont, Sour Lake and Western Railway ,
St. Louis, Brownsville and Mexico Railway ,
San Antonio, Uvalde and Gulf Railroad , and
International-Great Northern Railroad .
[94]
April 2: The
Pennsylvania Railroad merges lessor
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad into lessor
Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Railroad .
[8]
May 31: The
Pennsylvania Railroad merges lessor
Pennsylvania, Ohio and Detroit Railroad into lessor
Connecting Railway .
[8]
June 11: The
Canadian National Railway merges a number of subsidiaries, including the
Canadian Northern Railway and
Grand Trunk Pacific Railway , that it had formerly operated.
[95]
June 15: The
Illinois Terminal Railroad is reorganized under the same name, becoming a joint subsidiary of the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad ,
Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad ,
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad ,
Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad ,
Litchfield and Madison Railway ,
Illinois Central Railroad ,
New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad (Nickel Plate),
St. Louis-San Francisco Railway , and
Wabash Railroad . The
Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad and
New York Central Railroad are later added, bringing the total to 11.
[29]
December 31: The ICC raises the minimum operating revenue from $1 million to $3 million effective January 1, 1956, dropping thirteen railroads to Class II:
1957
The
St. Louis-San Francisco Railway acquires control of the
Central of Georgia Railway . The ICC will reverse its approval on November 14, 1958, and in 1963 the
Southern Railway will buy the Frisco's share.[
citation needed ]
January 1: The
Chicago and North Western Railway leases subsidiary
Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railway .
[97]
March 29:
New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad subsidiary
New York, Ontario and Western Railway , which entered trusteeship on May 21, 1937,
[14] ceases operations. Very little is bought by other railroads, most notably
Fulton -
Oswego by the
New York Central Railroad (which had operated there via
trackage rights ). This is the last Class I to completely abandon operations while still Class I, with none of its core lines acquired by other companies.
August 30: The
Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway merges into parent
Louisville and Nashville Railroad .
[98]
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
February 4: The
Chesapeake and Ohio Railway takes control of the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad .
[110]
March 4: The
California, Arizona and Santa Fe Railway merges into lessee
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway .
[40]
June: The
Southern Railway buys a majority interest in the
Central of Georgia Railway from the
St. Louis-San Francisco Railway .
[79]
July 1:
Southern Railway subsidiary
Georgia and Florida Railway (controlled indirectly through the
Carolina and Northwestern Railway ,
Live Oak, Perry and Gulf Railroad , and
South Georgia Railway ) begins operating the former
Georgia and Florida Railroad ,
[83]
[111] in receivership since October 20, 1929.
[112]
August 31:
Pennsylvania Railroad subsidiary
Wabash Railroad sells the
Ann Arbor Railroad to the
Detroit, Toledo and Ironton Railroad , also controlled by the Pennsylvania, in preparation for the lease of the Wabash to the
Norfolk and Western Railway .
[113]
1964
January 1: The
St. Louis, San Francisco and Texas Railway is merged into parent
St. Louis-San Francisco Railway .
[114]
April: The
Fort Worth and Denver Railway (
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad system) and
Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad each buy one-half shares in the property of the jointly-leased
Burlington-Rock Island Railroad , continuing to operate it as the Joint Texas Division.
[11]
May 1: The
Boston and Maine Railroad merges into the
Boston and Maine Corporation , which becomes the new operating company.
[115]
September: The
Muskogee Company sells its railroad subsidiaries, including the
Kansas, Oklahoma and Gulf Railway ,
Midland Valley Railroad , and
Oklahoma City-Ada-Atoka Railway , only the former still Class I, to
Missouri Pacific Railroad subsidiary
Texas and Pacific Railway .
[116]
[117] The T&P resells the OCAA to the
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway .
[40]
October 16: The
Norfolk and Western Railway absorbs the
New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad (Nickel Plate) and continues its lease of the
Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway , leases the
Wabash Railroad and
Pittsburgh and West Virginia Railway , and gains control of the
Akron, Canton and Youngstown Railroad .
[8]
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
March 2: The
Great Northern Railway ,
Northern Pacific Railway ,
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (jointly owned by the GN and NP), and
Pacific Coast Railroad (not Class I, owned by the GN) merge into
Burlington Northern Inc. , which becomes an operating railroad. Other GN and NP subsidiaries, including the
Colorado and Southern Railway ,
Fort Worth and Denver Railway ,
Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway , and
Oregon Electric Railway , are not yet consolidated,
[128] though the SP&S is immediately leased.
April 1: The
Kansas, Oklahoma and Gulf Railway (no longer Class I) is merged into parent
Texas and Pacific Railway , a subsidiary of the
Missouri Pacific Railroad .
[117]
1971
January 1: The
Alabama, Tennessee and Northern Railroad is merged into the
St. Louis-San Francisco Railway .
[77]
May 1: The
National Railroad Passenger Corporation (later
Amtrak ), listed as Class I until about 1980, takes over most
intercity passenger trains in the U.S. Notable exceptions are the
Southern Railway and
Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad , which joined Amtrak in 1979 and 1983 respectively, and the
Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad ,
Georgia Railroad , and
Reading Company , which later discontinued all service.
June 1: The
Southern Railway merges subsidiaries
Central of Georgia Railway ,
Georgia and Florida Railway (no longer Class I),
Savannah and Atlanta Railway (no longer Class I), and
Wrightsville and Tennille Railroad (not Class I) to form the new
Central of Georgia Railroad .
[129]
July 1:
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad subsidiary
Staten Island Rapid Transit Railway (no longer Class I) sells its passenger operations to the
Staten Island Rapid Transit Operating Authority .
[130]
July 3: The
Canadian Pacific Railway is renamed
Canadian Pacific Ltd.
[131]
July 31: The
Monon Railroad is merged into the
Louisville and Nashville Railroad .
[132]
July 1:
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad subsidiary
Staten Island Rapid Transit Railway (no longer Class I) is renamed
Staten Island Railroad .
[130]
December 6: The
Auto-Train Corporation begins operating
passenger trains on
Seaboard Coast Line Railroad and
Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad trackage. It will be listed as Class I until about 1980.
December 20: The
Canadian National Railway transfers its ownership of the
Central Vermont Railway ,
Duluth, Winnipeg and Pacific Railway , and
Grand Trunk Western Railroad to new subsidiary
holding company
Grand Trunk Corporation .
[133]
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
April 1: The government-owned
Consolidated Rail Corporation begins operations, replacing a number of bankrupt Northeastern railroads and their subsidiaries. This includes many existing and former Class I railroads:
[8]
Erie Lackawanna Railway (subsidiary of
Norfolk and Western Railway ), bankrupt since June 26, 1972
Penn Central Transportation Company , bankrupt since June 21, 1970
Ann Arbor Railroad (subsidiary), bankrupt since October 15, 1973; property acquired by the state of
Michigan .
[113] Conrail operates it until October 1, 1977.
Baltimore and Eastern Railroad (subsidiary, no longer Class I)
Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway (lessor), bankrupt since July 14, 1973
Connecting Railway (lessor), bankrupt since July 14, 1973
Lehigh Valley Railroad (subsidiary), bankrupt since July 24, 1970
Michigan Central Railroad (lessor), bankrupt since July 14, 1973
New York Connecting Railroad (lessor)
Northern Central Railway (lessor), bankrupt since July 14, 1973
Penndel Company (lessor), bankrupt since July 14, 1973
Peoria and Eastern Railway (lessor)
Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington Railroad (lessor), bankrupt since July 14, 1973
Lehigh and Hudson River Railway (joint subsidiary of Central of New Jersey, Erie Lackawanna, Lehigh Valley, and Penn Central; no longer Class I), bankrupt since April 19, 1972
Reading Company , bankrupt since November 23, 1971
Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines (joint subsidiary of Penn Central and Reading)
Penn Central subsidiaries
Detroit, Toledo and Ironton Railroad and
Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad stay out of Conrail, and the
Delaware and Hudson Railway is assigned
trackage rights throughout the Northeast to compete with Conrail. The
Toledo, Peoria and Western Railroad buys the ex-
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad line between
Effner and
Logansport, Indiana , and the
Michigan Northern Railway takes over the ex-
Grand Rapids and Indiana Railway north of
Grand Rapids, Michigan .
October 15: The
Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad and
Texas and Pacific Railway are merged into parent
Missouri Pacific Railroad .
[94]
December 31: The ICC raises the minimum operating revenue from $5 million to $10 million effective January 1, 1976, dropping nine railroads to Class II:
References
^ ICC (1932), p. 219
^
a
b
c Moody's (1990), p. 286
^ Moody's (1992), p. 234
^
a
b Moody's (1976), p. 274
^
a
b Moody's (1990), p. 277
^
a
b ICC (1931)
^ ICC (1930)
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l Christopher T. Baer,
PRR Chronology (Pennsylvania Railroad Technical and Historical Society), accessed April 2009
^ George C. Werner:
Rock Island System from the
Handbook of Texas Online . Retrieved April 2009.
^ ICC (1920),
p. 437
^
a
b
c George C. Werner:
Burlington-Rock Island Railroad from the
Handbook of Texas Online . Retrieved April 2009.
^ Oliphant's Earning Power of Railroads, 1946, p. 160
^ ICC (1922)
^
a
b
c
d
e
f ICC (1949)
^ Oliphant's Earning Power of Railroads, 1946, pp. 191-192
^ Moody's (1970), p. xli
^ Moody's (1976), p. 755
^ Moody's (1992), p. 257
^ Moody's (1982), p. 83
^
a
b ICC (1933)
^ Oliphant's Earning Power of Railroads, 1946, pp. 361-362
^
a
b
c ICC (1934)
^ Howard C. Williams:
Texas and New Orleans Railroad from the
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^ Moody's (1984), p. 647
^ Moody's (1976), p. 261
^
a
b
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^
a
b
c ICC (1937)
^ Moody's (1992), p. 111
^
a
b
c Paul Stringham, Illinois Terminal, the Electric Years,
ISBN
0-916374-82-3 , pp. 98, 251
^ Patricia L. Duncan:
Fort Worth and Rio Grande Railway from the
Handbook of Texas Online . Retrieved April 2009.
^ ICC (1938)
^
a
b
c
d
e ICC (1939)
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^
a
b Nancy Beck Young:
Chicago, Rock Island and Gulf Railway from the
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^ Moody's (1992), p. 79
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a
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a
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Wichita Falls and Southern Railroad from the
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^ Oliphant's Earning Power of Railroads, 1946, p. 251
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a
b
c
d
e
f Moody's (1992), p. 403
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a
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^
a
b
c ICC (1943)
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^ Moody's (1989), p. 296
^ Oliphant's Earning Power of Railroads, 1946, p. 154
^ Oliphant's Earning Power of Railroads, 1946, p. 118
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^ Moody's (1986), p. 677
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a
b Moody's (1986), p. 662
^ Moody's (1982), p. 1260
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^
a
b Moody's (1972), p. 278
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^ Moody's (1975), p. 131
^ Moody's (1971), p. 357
^
a
b Moody's (1988), p. 251
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^ Moody's (1975), p. 141
^ Moody's (1990), p. 205, 231
^
Pennsylvania Railroad Board of Directors,
Inspection of Physical Property , November 1948,
pp. 122-128
^ ICC (1920),
p. 422
^
a
b ICC (1946)
^ R. A. LeMassena (1974). Rio Grande ... to the Pacific! .
Sundance Publications .
ISBN
0-913582-09-3 . , pp. 139, 149, 163
^
a
b Moody's (1986), p. 89
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^
a
b
c ICC (1947)
^
a
b
c
d ICC (1948)
^ Moody's (1976), p. 116
^
a
b Moody's (1980), p. 788
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Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway from the
Handbook of Texas Online . Retrieved April 2009.
^
a
b
c Moody's (1984), p. 96
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a
b Moody's (1988), p. 237
^
a
b ICC (1950)
^ ICC (1936)
^
a
b
c Moody's (1984), pp. 97, 142
^ Moody's (1982), p. 33
^ Chris Cravens:
Wichita Valley Railway from the
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^ Moody's (1975), p. 567
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^ Moody's (1984), p. 664
^ Moody's (1992), pp. 257-258
^ Moody's (1972), p. 37
^ Moody's (1972), p. 98
^
a
b
c
d Moody's (1992), p. 122
^
a
b Moody's (1976), p. 1203
^ ICC (1955, 1956)
^
a
b
c Moody's (1984), p. 28
^ Moody's (1985), p. 701
^
a
b Moody's (1989), p. 30
^ Moody's (1971), p. 102
^ Moody's (1989), p. 71
^ Moody's (1969), p. 535
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^ Moody's (1986), p. 746
^
a
b Moody's (1972), p. 837
^ Moody's (1976), p. 209
^ Moody's (1989), p. 330
^ Moody's (1988), p. 72
^
a
b Moody's (1986), p. 663
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^
a
b Moody's (1982), p. 852
^ David Minor:
St. Louis, San Francisco and Texas Railway from the
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^ Moody's (1992), p. 407
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a
b
c Moody's (1976), p. 656
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a
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^ Moody's (1975), p. xxx
^ Moody's (1992), p. 97
^ Moody's (1975), p. 566
^
a
b
c Moody's (1976), p. 224
^ Moody's (1992), p. 423
^ Moody's (1990), p. 335
^ Moody's (1980), p. 752
^ Moody's (1992), p. 12
^ Moody's (1984), p. 125
^
a
b Moody's (1992), p. 539
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^ Moody's (1992), p. 32
^ Lewis, p. 257
^ Moody's (1986), p. 649
^ ICC (1975, 1976)
Current
Former
Timeline Railroads in italics meet the revenue specifications for Class I status, but are not technically Class I railroads due to being passenger-only railroads with no freight component.