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This is a list of metropolitan areas. For a list of urban areas, see List of urban areas in Europe. For a list of cities proper, see List of European cities by population within city limits. For a list of European cities by country, see List of cities in Europe.
Moscow, the capital and largest city of Russia; is the largest metropolitan area in Europe.
Europe and some parts of Africa and Asia by night. Lights reveal the urbanized areas of Europe. It also shows Blue Banana megalopolis from north-west England to northern Italy, and Golden Banana urbanized area between Genoa and Valencia.

This list ranks metropolitan areas in Europe by their population according to three different sources; it includes metropolitan areas that have a population of over 1 million.

Sources

List includes metropolitan areas according only studies of ESPON, Eurostat, and OECD. For this reason some metropolitan areas, like Italian Genoa Metropolitan Area (population is over 1.510.000 as of 2012 according "CityRailway" Official Report), aren't included in this list, with data by other statistic survey institutes.

Figures in the first column come from the ESPON project, "Study on Urban Functions", which defines cities according to the concept of a functional urban area (core urban area defined morphologically on the basis of population density, plus the surrounding labour pool defined on the basis of commuting). Figures in the second column come from Eurostat's Urban Audit and correspond to Larger Urban Zones (LUZ). Figures in the fourth column come from the OECD Territorial Reviews and correspond to "metropolitan regions". Further information on how the areas are defined can be found in the source documents. These figures should be seen as an interpretation, not as conclusive fact.

Metropolitan areas

  Areas within the European Union
Metropolitan area name Country OECD
Metropolitan areas
(2020) [1] 		City Population
Urban Agglomeration
(2020) [2] 		Eurostat
Metropolitan region
(2019) [3] 		Eurostat
Metropolitan region
(2018) [3] 		ESPON
Functional Urban Area
(2006) [4]
Amsterdam metropolitan area   Netherlands 2,890,428 2,475,000 3,269,905 3,242,852 2,497,000 [a]
Antwerp   Belgium 1,146,565 1,120,000 985,332 1,047,030 1,406,000 [b]
Athens   Greece 3,526,887 3,350,000 3,561,750 3,576,590 3,761,000
Barcelona metropolitan area   Spain 5,105,991 5,185,905 5,575,204 5,514,881 4,082,000 [c]
Belgrade   Serbia — 1,420,000 — — —
Berlin   Germany 5,342,958 4,725,000 5,303,846 5,259,363 4,016,000
Bilbao   Spain 1,014,366 <1,000,000 1,137,191 1,134,848 947,000
Birmingham ( West Midlands)   United Kingdom 2,626,915 3,150,000 3,558,916 2,545,475 3,683,000
Bordeaux   France 1,290,068 — — — —
Bremen   Germany 1,274,429 1,000,000 1,277,609 1,274,611 1,077,000
Bristol   United Kingdom 969,256 <1,000,000 1,157,937 1,147,017 1,041,000
Brussels   Belgium 2,500,251 2,700,000 2,548,941 2,528,996 2,639,000 [b]
Bucharest metropolitan area   Romania 2,219,341 2,200,000 2,315,173 2,301,255 2,064,000
Budapest metropolitan area   Hungary 3,012,001 2,625,000 3,031,160 3,011,598 2,523,000
Cardiff   United Kingdom 928,101 <1,000,000 1,140,165 1,135,795 1,097,000
Copenhagen   Denmark 1,945,157 1,680,000 2,045,259 2,030,718 2,350,000 [5] [6] [d]
Donetsk   Ukraine — 1,440,000 — — —
Dnipro   Ukraine — 1,390,000 — — —
Dresden   Germany 1,343,747 — — — —
Dublin Metropolitan Area   Ireland 2,002,018 1,904,806 2,107,749 2,069,386 1,477,000
Frankfurt/Rhine-Main Region   Germany 2,729,936 3,250,000 2,710,127 2,693,115 2,764,000 [e]
Gdańsk ( Tricity)   Poland 1,170,990 <1,000,000 — 1,317,517 993,000
Gothenburg   Sweden 1,051,345 1,041,850 1,021,831 1,015,974 759,000
Greater Glasgow   United Kingdom 1,847,200 1,680,000 1,861,315 1,854,866 1,395,000
The Hague   Netherlands 1,116,798 3,250,000 [f] 1,103,368 1,093,212 1,404,000 [a]
Hamburg Metropolitan Region   Germany 3,328,679 2,875,000 3,327,940 3,309,215 2,983,000
Hannover   Germany 1,316,006 — — — —
Helsinki Metropolitan Area   Finland 1,526,778 1,520,000 1,671,024 1,655,624 1,285,000
Istanbul [g]   Turkey 13,719,061 16,000,000 — — —
Katowice metropolitan area   Poland 2,486,510 2,350,000 2,695,148 2,705,106 3,029,000 [h]
Kazan   Russia — 1,260,000 — — —
Kharkiv   Ukraine — 1,640,000 — — —
Kyiv metropolitan area   Ukraine — 3,475,000 — — —
Kraków metropolitan area   Poland 1,423,235 <1,000,000 1,491,811 1,480,803 1,236,000
West Yorkshire ( Leeds - Bradford)   United Kingdom 2,655,815 2,175,000 1,750,276 1,741,298 2,302,000
Leipzig   Germany 1,049,342 — — — —
Lille   France 1,505,093 1,290,000 2,594,456 2,597,774 1,379,000 [i]
Lisbon metropolitan area   Portugal 3,035,487 2,675,000 2,846,332 2,833,679 2,591,000
Liverpool/ Birkenhead   United Kingdom 1,548,752 1,880,000 1,784,475 2,042,955 2,241,000
Łódź   Poland 903,719 <1,000,000 1,070,544 1,074,374 1,165,000
Wrocław   Poland 883,468 <1,000,000 638,659 636,050 861,000
London metropolitan area   United Kingdom 12,451,423 14,800,000 14,372,596 14,257,962 11,203,000
Lyon   France 2,129,101 1,980,000 1,865,534 1,867,275 1,669,000
Madrid metropolitan area   Spain 7,005,286 6,550,000 6,641,649 6,549,520 5,263,000
Greater Manchester   United Kingdom 3,399,018 3,350,000 3,712,997 3,695,071 2,556,000
Mannheim- Ludwigshafen   Germany 1,191,766 — — — —
Marseille   France 1,278,124 [j] 1,660,000 3,100,329 3,100,110 1,530,000
Milan metropolitan area   Italy 4,985,668 6,200,000 4,354,448 4,336,121 7,636,000 [k]
Minsk   Belarus — 2,000,000 — — —
Moscow metropolitan area   Russia — 17,300,000 — — —
Munich   Germany 2,926,802 2,250,000 2,908,664 2,883,373 2,665,000 [l]
Nantes   France 1,003,395 — — — —
Naples metropolitan area   Italy 3,349,233 4,225,000 3,084,890 3,101,002 3,714,000 [7]
Nice   France 1,020,879 <1,000,000 1,080,815 1,082,139 1,082,000
Nizhny Novgorod   Russia — 1,730,000 — — —
Nottingham- Derby   United Kingdom 935,049 [m] 1,380,000 331,297 329,448 [n] 1,534,000
Nuremberg Metropolitan Region   Germany 1,352,002 1,200,000 1,349,848 1,340,886 1,443,000
Odessa   Ukraine — 1,110,000 — — —
Greater Oslo   Norway 1,420,926 1,190,000 1,305,122 1,287,495 1,037,000
Paris metropolitan area   France 12,997,058 11,400,000 12,244,807 12,183,893 11,175,000
Perm   Russia — 1,110,000 — — —
Porto Metropolitan Area   Portugal 1,785,248 1,540,000 1,722,374 1,719,702 1,245,000 [o]
Portsmouth- Southampton   United Kingdom 542,048 [p] 1,160,000 806,001 802,162 1,547,000
Poznań   Poland 993,656 <1,000,000 — 1,186,164 919,000
Prague   Czech Republic 2,267,817 1,440,000 2,677,964 2,647,308 1,669,000
Rhein-Nord [q] ( Düsseldorf - Neuss)   Germany 1,557,269 See Rhein-Sud 1,555,985 1,552,097 3,073,000 [r]
Rhein-Süd [q] ( Cologne - Bonn)   Germany 2,004,984 5,000,000 2,003,046 1,994,524 3,070,000 [r]
Riga   Latvia 927,924 <1,000,000 1,003,203 1,005,237 1,195,000
Rome metropolitan area   Italy 4,325,591 3,575,000 4,342,212 4,355,725 5,190,000
Rostov-on-Don   Russia — 1,300,000 — — —
Rotterdam   Netherlands 1,876,165 3,250,000 [s] 1,846,933 1,835,354 1,904,000 [a]
Ruhr area   Germany 5,115,617 5,700,000 5,111,530 5,113,487 5,376,000 [r]
Saarbrücken - Forbach   Germany/
  France 		797,110 — — 802,664 1,102,000
Saint Petersburg   Russia — 5,650,000 — — —
Samara   Russia — 1,300,000 — — —
Saratov   Russia — 1,090,000 — — —
Seville   Spain 1,558,006 1,290,000 1,949,640 1,945,236 1,180,000 [t]
Sofia   Bulgaria 1,551,056 1,300,000 1,678,041 1,679,413 1,174,000
Metropolitan Stockholm   Sweden 2,377,081 2,225,000 2,344,124 2,308,143 2,171,000
South Yorkshire ( Sheffield)   United Kingdom 1,204,485 1,570,000 584,028 580,108 1,869,000
Stuttgart Metropolitan Region   Germany 2,794,283 2,400,000 2,787,724 2,778,591 2,289,000
Thessaloniki metropolitan area   Greece 1,049,937 <1,000,000 1,104,690 1,105,663 1,052,000
Toulouse   France 1,445,789 — — — —
Turin metropolitan area   Italy 1,728,714 1,640,000 2,259,523 2,269,120 1,601,000 [u]
Newcastle- Sunderland   United Kingdom 1,192,598 1,480,000 1,177,704 1,172,580 1,599,000
Ufa   Russia — 1,130,000 — — —
Valencia   Spain 1,768,205 2,000,000 2,540,588 2,531,187 1,398,000 [v]
Vienna   Austria 3,004,660 2,250,000 2,853,903 2,838,558 2,584,000
Volgograd   Russia — 1,410,000 — — —
Warsaw metropolitan area   Poland 3,209,784 2,375,000 3,053,104 3,025,034 2,785,000
Zagreb   Croatia 1,219,858 <1,000,000 1,240,433 1,240,310 —
Zürich metropolitan area   Switzerland 1,401,783 1,430,000 1,520,968 1,504,346 1,615,000

Polycentric metropolitan areas in the European Union

Rank Area State Population [8]
1 Rhine-Ruhr   Germany 12,190,000
2 Randstad   Netherlands 8,219,380
3 Upper Silesian metropolitan area   Poland/   Czech Republic 5,294,000
4 Flemish Diamond   Belgium 5,103,000
5 Vienna-Bratislava metropolitan region   Austria/   Slovakia 4,600,000

See also

Regional and country-specific lists

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Part of the Randstad polycentric urban region consisting of the metropolitan areas of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, and Utrecht (982,000). The total population of the region is 7,100,000.
  2. ^ a b The Flemish Diamond metropolitan region, which consists of the metropolitan areas of Brussels, Antwerp, Gent, and Leuven, has a total population of 5,103,000.
  3. ^ Total population is 4,251,000 if the metropolitan area of Mataro (169,000) is included.
  4. ^ Part of the wider Öresund region, which includes the Swedish metropolitan area of Malmö (961,000). The total regional population is 2,842,000.
  5. ^ Part of the Rhein-Main metropolitan region with a total population of 4,149,000, which additionally includes the metropolitan areas of Darmstadt (501,000), Wiesbaden (453,000), and Mainz (431,000).
  6. ^ Including Rotterdam
  7. ^ 65% of the population lives on the European part
  8. ^ Part of the polycentric Upper Silesian urban region with a total population of 5,294,000. The region additionally includes the metropolitan areas of Ostrava (1,046,000), Bielsko-Biala (584,000) and Rybnik (526,000).
  9. ^ Part of the wider Lille- Bassin Minier region with a total population of 3,115,000.
  10. ^ Does not include Aix-en-Provence, which OECD, unlike INSEE, considers as a separate metropolitan area, with a population of 352,097 in 2020.
  11. ^ Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 8,311,000.
  12. ^ When combined with the Augsburg metropolitan area (606,000), the region has a total population of 3,271,000.
  13. ^ Does not include Derby, which OECD considers as a separate metropolitan area, with a population of 495,159 in 2020.
  14. ^ just Nottingham (Derby 257,101)
  15. ^ Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 1,778,000.
  16. ^ Does not include Southampton, which OECD considers as a separate metropolitan area, with a population of 695,204 in 2020.
  17. ^ a b Polycentric metropolitan area
  18. ^ a b c Part of the polycentric urban region of Rhein-Ruhr, which has a total population of 12,190,000.
  19. ^ Including The Hague
  20. ^ Total population is 1,262,000 if the metropolitan area of Utrera (82,000) is included.
  21. ^ Total population is 1,716,000 if the metropolitan of Pinerolo is included.
  22. ^ Total population is 1,499,000 if the metropolitan area of Sagunto is included.

References

  1. ^ "OECD - Metropolitan areas - Population, all ages". OECD. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  2. ^ "Major Agglomerations of The World". citypopulation.de. 1 January 2020.
  3. ^ a b "Database". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 20 Jun 2020. click General and regional statistics / Regional statistics by typology / Metropolitan regions / Demography statistics by metropolitan regions / Population on 1 January by broad age group, sex and metropolitan regions (met_pjanaggr3)
  4. ^ "Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3)]" (PDF). European Spatial Planning Observation Network. March 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015., Final Report, Chapter 3
  5. ^ OECD: Territorial Review Copenhagen, 2009, p. 34, ISBN  9789264060029
  6. ^ also obtainable through
  7. ^ "Principal Agglomerations of the World". Citypopulation. January 2017.
  8. ^ European Spatial Planning Observation Network, Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3) Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine, Final Report, Chapter 3, (ESPON, 2007) page 241-243

External links

  • Geopolis: research group, university of Paris-Diderot, France - Population of urban areas of 10,000 or more
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