John W. Johnston (1818–89) was an American lawyer and
Democratic politician from
Abingdon, Virginia. He served in the
Virginia State Senate, and represented
Virginia for 13 years in the
U.S. Senate after the
American Civil War. He had been ineligible to serve in Congress because of the
Fourteenth Amendment, which forbade anyone from holding public office who had sworn allegiance to the United States and then sided with the
Confederacy during the Civil War. However, his restrictions were removed at the suggestion of the
Freedmen's Bureau when he aided a dying former slave after the War. He was the first person who had sided with the Confederacy to serve in the U.S. Senate. Issues in his senatorial career included the
Arlington Memorial debate, as he found the initial proposal to relocate the dead distasteful, yet wanted to defend the memory of
Robert E. Lee. He was also an outspoken Funder during Virginia's heated debate as to how much of its pre-War debt the state ought to have been obliged to pay back. The controversy culminated in the formation of the
Readjuster Party and the appointment of
William Mahone as its leader, ending Johnston's Senate career. (
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1871 – The Criminal Tribes Act entered into force in
British India, giving law enforcement sweeping powers to arrest, control, and monitor the movements of the members of 160 specific ethnic or social communities that were defined as "habitually criminal".
The Blue-and-yellow Macaw (Ara ararauna) is a large South American
parrot with blue top parts and yellow underparts. These birds are quite intelligent and are popular in aviculture. This specimen was photographed in
Jurong Bird Park.
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