The
Wells Fargo Center is one of the city's most iconic buildings
The architecture of Jacksonville is notably marked by the city's early predominant position as Florida's financial and insurance center. Numerous buildings in the city have held state height records, dating as far back as 1902,
[1] and last holding the record from 1974 to 1981.
[2] It is important to note that few structures in the city center predate the
Great Fire of 1901 .
[3]
Contributing heavily during the reconstruction period following the Great Fire of 1901, a young New York architect named
Henry John Klutho would come to influence generations of local designers. Klutho's works exhibit elements influenced by both the
Chicago School , championed by
Louis Sullivan , and the
Prairie School of architecture, popularized by
Frank Lloyd Wright . As a result, Jacksonville has one of the largest collections of Prairie Style buildings outside the Midwest.
[4]
By the 1950s, modernist design principles would permeate throughout the United States, transforming the rapidly growing State of Florida.
[5] During this period, local architects
Robert C. Broward ,
Taylor Hardwick , and
William Morgan adapted a range design principles, including
International style , Brutalism, Futurism and Organicism, all applied with an American interpretation generally referred to today as
Mid-century modern design.
[6] The architecture firms of
Reynolds, Smith & Hills (RS&H)
[7] and
Kemp, Bunch & Jackson (KBJ) have also contributed a number of important works to the city's modern architectural movement. In particular, KBJ has designed more buildings in the contemporary skyline of Jacksonville than any other architectural firm. Of the 30 tallest buildings in the city, 17 are associated with KBJ.
[8] With the notable exception of works by
Robert A.M. Stern Architects ,
Welton Becket ,
Paul Rudolph , and
Helmut Jahn , many of Jacksonville's modern landmarks were designed locally.
Residential architecture
Houses
1797
Kingsley Plantation
1854
Red Bank Plantation House ,
Georgian Revival
1876
Marabanong Mansion ,
Queen Anne
1878
Napoleon Bonaparte Broward House ,
Victorian
1886
Merrill House ,
Victorian /
Eastlake
1902
Thomas V. Porter House ,
Classical Revival /
Colonial Revival ,
Henry John Klutho
1927
Epping Forest ,
Spanish Colonial Revival ,
Marsh & Saxelbye
1961 Milam House ,
Brutalist /
Mid-century modern ,
Paul Rudolph
Apartment and condominiums
Commercial architecture
Central Business District
1889
El Modelo Block
1902
Old Florida National Bank ,
Classical Revival , Edward H. Glidden (originally the Mercantile Exchange Bank Building)
1902
Dyal-Upchurch Building ,
Chicago school ,
Henry John Klutho
1908
Bisbee Building ,
Chicago school /
Prairie school ,
Henry John Klutho
1909 YMCA Building ,
Chicago school /
Prairie school ,
Henry John Klutho
1909
121 Atlantic Place ,
Chicago school /
Classical Revival ,
Mowbray and Uffinger (originally the Atlantic National Bank Building)
1910
Morocco Temple ,
Egyptian Revival /
Prairie school ,
Henry John Klutho
1911
Florida Life Building ,
Chicago school /
Prairie school ,
Henry John Klutho
1912
Masonic Temple ,
Chicago school /
Prairie school , Mark and Sheftall
1925
Groover-Stewart Drug Company Building ,
Marsh & Saxelbye
1926 Scottish Rite Masonic Center ,
Egyptian Revival /
Art Deco ,
Roy A. Benjamin
1926
Schultz Building ,
Chicago school /
Classical Revival ,
Marsh & Saxelbye
1926
Barnett National Bank Building ,
Chicago school ,
Mowbray and Uffinger
1926
Elks Club Building ,
Mediterranean Revival ,
Roy A. Benjamin
1928
Greenleaf & Crosby Building ,
Chicago school /
Renaissance Revival ,
Marsh & Saxelbye
1929
Title & Trust Company of Florida Building ,
Classical Revival ,
Marsh & Saxelbye
1941 First Federal Savings and Loan Building ,
Art Deco
1951
Jacksonville Transportation Authority Headquarters ,
Art Deco (originally the Atlantic National Bank Annex)
1953 Old Peninsular Life Insurance Building ,
International style ,
Kemp, Bunch & Jackson (occupied by
Fidelity National Financial )
1955
Eight Forty One ,
International Style ,
Kemp, Bunch & Jackson (originally the
Prudential Building )
1955
Old Independent Life Building ,
International Style ,
Kemp, Bunch & Jackson
1957
Midtown Centre ,
International Style /
Mid-century modern , Ira M. Koger (originally the Koger Center)
1958
Skinner Dairy ,
Mid-century modern ,
Taylor Hardwick
1960
CSX Transportation Building ,
International Style /
Mid-century modern ,
Kemp, Bunch & Jackson (originally the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Building)
1963
JEA Tower ,
Mid-century modern , Ketchum & Sharp (originally the Universal-Marion Building)
1965
Jessie Ball duPont Center ,
Mid-century modern ,
Taylor Hardwick
1967
Riverplace Tower ,
International Style /
Mid-century modern ,
Welton Becket , in association with
Kemp, Bunch & Jackson (originally the Gulf Life Building)
1967
Times-Union Building ,
International Style /
Mid-century modern ,
Kemp, Bunch & Jackson
1971 Blue Cross Blue Shield Building ,
Brutalist ,
1974
Wells Fargo Center ,
Modernist ,
Kemp, Bunch & Jackson (originally the Independent Life Building)
1974 BB&T Building ,
Modernist ,
Kemp, Bunch & Jackson (originally the
Atlantic National Bank Building )
1982
Chart House ,
Organic /
Modernist ,
Kendrick Bangs Kellogg
1983
EverBank Center ,
Modernist ,
Kemp, Bunch & Jackson (originally the
Southern Bell Tower )
1985
Two Prudential Plaza ,
Modernist ,
Kemp, Bunch & Jackson
1985
Stein Mart Building ,
Modernist ,
Kemp, Bunch & Jackson
1986
One Enterprise Center ,
Postmodern , Clark Tribble Harris & Li Architects (originally the
Florida National Bank Building )
1986
Baptist Medical Pavilion ,
Brutalist ,
1987
Jacksonville Landing ,
Postmodern .
Ben Thompson
1989
SunTrust Tower ,
Postmodern ,
Kemp, Bunch & Jackson (originally the American Heritage Life Building)
1990
Bank of America Tower ,
Postmodern ,
Helmut Jahn (originally the
Barnett Center )
2003 Raymond James Building ,
Postmodern , Jess Walker of
Morris Adjmi Architects
2008
EverBank Plaza ,
Postmodern
Hotels
Shopping centers
Institutional architecture
Government
1886
County Courthouse (destroyed in 1901)
1902
County Courthouse ,
Classical Revival , Rutledge Holmes
1912
St. James Building ,
Chicago school /
Prairie school ,
Henry John Klutho
1913 The Criminal Court Building ,
Prairie school ,
Henry John Klutho (demolished in 1968)
1924
Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Jacksonville Branch ,
Georgian Revival ,
Henrietta Cuttino Dozier and
A. Ten Eyck Brown
1933 Ed Austin Building ,
PWA Moderne /
Stripped Classicism ,
Marsh & Saxelbye (originally the United States Federal Courthouse)
1952
Fire and Rescue Headquarters Building ,
Art Deco /
Modernist , (originally the
Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Jacksonville Branch )
1958
Old Duval County Courthouse ,
International Style ,
Reynolds, Smith & Hills
1960
City Hall Annex ,
Mid-century modern ,
Reynolds, Smith & Hills (Former City Hall)
1961
Ed Ball Building ,
International Style (originally the
Florida National Bank Building)
1966 Charles E. Bennett Federal Building ,
Brutalist /
Mid-century modern ,
Reynolds, Smith & Hills
1977
Jacksonville Sheriff's Office Headquarters ,
Brutalist /
Modernist ,
William Morgan
2002
Bryan Simpson United States Courthouse ,
Postmodern ,
Kemp, Bunch & Jackson
2012
Duval County Courthouse ,
Kemp, Bunch & Jackson
Educational
1905
Carnegie Library ,
Classical Revival ,
Henry John Klutho
1916
Centennial Hall ,
Georgian Revival ,
Howells & Stokes
1925
Bolles School ,
Mediterranean Revival ,
Marsh & Saxelbye
2005
Main Library Building ,
Postmodern ,
Robert A. M. Stern
2009
University of North Florida Student Union ,
Green /
Modernist ,
Rink Design
Museums
Houses of worship
Cultural architecture
Sports venues
Entertainment venues
1927
Florida Theatre ,
Mediterranean Revival ,
Roy A. Benjamin
1927
Riverside Theatre ,
Renaissance Revival ,
Roy A. Benjamin
1929
Ritz Theatre ,
Art Deco , Jefferson Davis Powell
1939 San Marco Theatre ,
Art Deco ,
Roy A. Benjamin
1960
Jacksonville Coliseum ,
Mid-century modern , A. Eugene Cellar and George Ryad Fisher (demolished in 2003)
1962
Times-Union Center for the Performing Arts ,
International Style /
Mid-century modern ,
Kemp, Bunch & Jackson
2017
Daily's Place ,
Populous
Transportation architecture
Parks and cultural centers
Landmarks
The 10 tallest standard structures:
The
Bank of America Tower
Riverplace Tower
Chronology of the tallest buildings in Jacksonville:
"Florida Architecture: 100 places, 100 years", compiled by the Florida chapter of the
American Institute of Architects .
[10]
Styles and schools
Jacksonville architects used many design styles and belonged to a variety of architectural schools. Below is a list of those styles and schools.
See also
References
^ Ennis Davis (March 6, 2008).
"A Century of Florida's Tallest Skyscrapers" . Metro Jacksonville. Retrieved April 12, 2016 .
^
"Wells Fargo Center, Jacksonville" . Emporis. Retrieved April 12, 2016 .
^
"Distinguish Jacksonville: The Great Fire of 1901" . Metro Jacksonville. January 6, 2007. Retrieved April 12, 2016 .
^ Wayne W. Wood.
"Jacksonville's Lost Treasures" . Prairie School Traveler. Retrieved April 23, 2016 .
^ Lesa Lorusso.
"Identifying American Architectural Styles: Midcentury Modern" . Florida Preservationist . Florida Historical Society. Retrieved April 23, 2016 .
^
"When Does Modern Architecture Become Historic?" . Jacksonville Historical Society. Retrieved April 23, 2016 .
^ Ennis Davis (April 12, 2012).
"The Premature Destruction of Downtown Jacksonville" . Urban Issues . Metro Jacksonville. Retrieved April 24, 2016 .
^ Jessie-Lynne Kerr (January 24, 2008).
"Architect transformed city waterfront" . The Florida Times-Union. Retrieved April 24, 2016 .
^
Metro Jacksonville
^
"Florida Architecture: 100 Years. 100 Places" . American Institute of Architects Florida. Retrieved May 7, 2013 .
Further reading
Wood, Wayne W., Davis, Judy (1989). Jacksonville's Architectural Heritage: Landmarks for the Future . University Press of Florida.
ISBN
0-8130-0953-7
Broward, Robert (1984). The Architecture of Henry John Klutho . University Press of Florida.
ISBN
0-8130-0731-3
Hochstim, Jan (2005). Florida Modern: Residential Architecture 1945-1970 . Rizzoli.
ISBN
0-8478-2603-1
King, Joseph (2005). Paul Rudolph: The Florida Houses . Princeton Architectural Press.
ISBN
1-5689-8551-7
McCarter, Robert (2002). William Morgan, Selected and Current Works . Images Publishing Group.
ISBN
1-8769-0702-9
Taylor Hardwick (2014). Taylor Hardwick: 60 Years of Design . Taylor Hardwick.
ISBN
0-6159-7671-9
External links