Morphological system for the scientific classification of gastropod mollusks
The
taxonomy of the Gastropoda , as revised by
Winston Ponder and
David R. Lindberg in 1997, is an older
taxonomy of the class
Gastropoda , the
class of
molluscs consisting of all snails and slugs.
[1] The full name of the work in which this taxonomy was published is Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs: an analysis using morphological characters.
This taxonomy assigns the various Gastropods into ranked categories, such as
sub-orders and
families , but does not address the classification of
genera or individual
species . This classification scheme is based on the molluscs' internal and external shapes and forms, but did not take into account any analysis of their
DNA or
RNA .
The classification below was the most recent until Bouchet and Rocroi published their
revised taxonomy in 2005 , which differs primarily in that the higher taxa are expressed as unranked
clades where known, and termed "informal groups" or groups" where monophyly (a single lineage) has not yet been determined, and where
polyphyly (more than one lineage) is suspected.
Ponder & Lindberg (1997) used only four families to analyze the
Euthyneura . Further work by Dayrat & Tillier (2002)
[2] provided a great deal of detail about the relationships between within the Euthyneura.
Ponder & Lindberg (1997) did not use Linnean
taxonomical ranks in their work, but the results of their paper were widely adapted and used with Linnean taxonomical ranks by other authors. An example of such taxonomy follows:
Taxonomy
Class
Gastropoda
Cuvier , 1797
Incertæ sedis
Subclass
Eogastropoda
Ponder &
David R. Lindberg , 1996 (earlier:
Prosobranchia )
Live limpets in the intertidal zone in
Cornwall , England.
'Subclass
Orthogastropoda
Ponder &
David R. Lindberg , 1996 (earlier
Prosobranchia ,
Opisthobranchia )
Incertæ sedis
Superorder
Cocculiniformia Haszprunar, 1987
Superorder "Hot Vent Taxa"
Ponder &
David R. Lindberg , 1997
Superorder
Vetigastropoda Salvini-Plawen, 1989 (limpets)
The shell of an archaeogastropod from the
Pliocene of
Cyprus . A
serpulid worm is attached.
Superorder
Neritaemorphi Koken, 1896
Superorder
Caenogastropoda Cox, 1960
Order
Architaenioglossa Haller, 1890
Order
Sorbeoconcha
Ponder &
David R. Lindberg , 1997
Suborder
Discopoda P. Fischer, 1884
Suborder
Hypsogastropoda
Ponder &
David R. Lindberg , 1997
Infraorder
Littorinimorpha Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975
Superfamily
Calyptraeoidea
Lamarck , 1809
Superfamily
Capuloidea J. Fleming, 1822
Superfamily
Carinarioidea
Blainville , 1818 (formerly called Heteropoda)
Superfamily
Cingulopsoidea Fretter & Patil, 1958
Superfamily
Cypraeoidea
Rafinesque , 1815 (cowries)
Superfamily
Ficoidea Meek, 1864
Superfamily
Laubierinoidea Warén & Bouchet, 1990
Superfamily
Littorinoidea (Children), 1834 (periwinkles)
Superfamily
Naticoidea Forbes, 1838 (moon shells)
Superfamily
Rissooidea
J.E. Gray , 1847 (Risso shells) (includes genus
Oncomelania , schistosomiasis transmission vector)
Superfamily
Stromboidea
Rafinesque , 1815 (true conchs)
Superfamily
Tonnoidea
Suter , 1913
Superfamily
Trivioidea Troschel, 1863
Superfamily
Vanikoroidea
J.E. Gray , 1840
Superfamily
Velutinoidea
J.E. Gray , 1840
Superfamily
Vermetoidea
Rafinesque , 1815 (worm shells)
Superfamily
Xenophoroidea Troschel, 1852 (carrier shells)
Infraorder
Ptenoglossa J.E. Gray, 1853
Infraorder
Neogastropoda
Thiele , 1929
Superorder
Heterobranchia
J.E. Gray , 1840
Cochlodina laminata from the family
Clausiliidae or door snails, a small land
pulmonate which has a sinistral or left-handed shell, on the trunk of a tree, in
woodland ,
England
Order
Pulmonata
Cuvier in
Blainville , 1814 (pulmonates)
Suborder
Systellommatophora Pilsbry, 1948
Suborder
Basommatophora Keferstein in Bronn, 1864 (freshwater pulmonates, pond snails)
Suborder
Eupulmonata Haszprunar & Huber, 1990
Infraorder
Acteophila
Dall , 1885 (= formerly Archaeopulmonata)
Infraorder
Trimusculiformes Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975
Infraorder
Stylommatophora A. Schmidt, 1856 (land snails)
Subinfraorder
Orthurethra
Subinfraorder
Sigmurethra
Superfamily
Acavoidea Pilsbry, 1895
Superfamily
Achatinoidea Swainson, 1840
Superfamily
Aillyoidea Baker, 1960
Superfamily
Arionoidea
J.E. Gray in Turnton, 1840
Superfamily
Buliminoidea Clessin, 1879
Superfamily
Camaenoidea Pilsbry, 1895
Superfamily
Clausilioidea
Mörch , 1864
Superfamily
Dyakioidea Gude & Woodward, 1921
Superfamily
Gastrodontoidea Tryon, 1866
Superfamily
Helicoidea
Rafinesque , 1815
Superfamily
Helixarionoidea Bourguignat, 1877
Superfamily
Limacoidea
Rafinesque , 1815
Superfamily
Oleacinoidea
H. Adams &
A. Adams , 1855
Superfamily
Orthalicoidea Albers-Martens, 1860
Superfamily
Plectopylidoidea Moellendorf, 1900
Superfamily
Polygyroidea Pilsbry, 1894
Superfamily
Punctoidea Morse, 1864
Superfamily
Rhytidoidea Pilsbry, 1893
Superfamily
Sagdidoidea Pilsbry, 1895
Superfamily
Staffordioidea
Thiele , 1931
Superfamily
Streptaxoidea
J.E. Gray , 1806
Superfamily
Strophocheiloidea
Thiele , 1926
Superfamily
Trigonochlamydoidea Hese, 1882
Superfamily
Zonitoidea
Mörch , 1864
? Superfamily
Athoracophoroidea P. Fischer, 1883 (= Tracheopulmonata)
? Superfamily
Succineoidea Beck, 1837 (= Heterurethra)
Other extant classes of the Mollusca are
Bivalvia ,
Scaphopoda ,
Aplacophora ,
Polyplacophora ,
Monoplacophora and
Cephalopoda .
See also
References
Further reading
Ponder W. F. & Lindberg D. R. (1996). Gastropod phylogeny—challenges for the 90s . p. 135–154. In: Taylor J. (ed.) Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca . Oxford University Press, Oxford.