From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Protein patched homolog 1 is a
protein that is the member of the
patched family and in humans is encoded by the PTCH1
gene .
[5]
[6]
Function
PTCH1 is a member of the
patched gene family and is the receptor for
sonic hedgehog , a secreted molecule implicated in the formation of embryonic structures and in tumorigenesis. This gene functions as a
tumor suppressor . The PTCH1 gene product, is a
transmembrane protein that suppresses the release of another protein called
smoothened , and when sonic hedgehog binds PTCH1, smoothened is released and signals cell proliferation.
Clinical significance
Mutations of this gene have been associated with
nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (AKA Gorlin's Syndrome),
[7] esophageal
squamous cell carcinoma ,
trichoepitheliomas ,
transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder, as well as
holoprosencephaly . Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Additional splice variants have been described, but their full length sequences and biological validity cannot be determined currently.
[6]
Mutations in PTCH1 cause
Gorlin syndrome and mutations have also been found in
holoprosencephaly patients.
[8]
[9]
[10] Some of these patients present
cleft lip and palate among the
holoprosencephaly features, and missense variants in PTCH1 were also found in a sequencing screening of nonsyndromic
cleft lip and palate patients.
[11] In addition association between SNPs in or near PTCH1 have been found to be associated with nonsyndromic
cleft lip and palate .
[11]
[12] Mutations in PTCH1 are also associated with
medulloblastoma .
[13]
References
^
a
b
c
GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000185920 –
Ensembl , May 2017
^
a
b
c
GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021466 –
Ensembl , May 2017
^
"Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^
"Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^ Johnson RL, Rothman AL, Xie J, Goodrich LV, Bare JW, Bonifas JM, Quinn AG, Myers RM, Cox DR, Epstein EH, Scott MP (Aug 1996). "Human homolog of patched, a candidate gene for the basal cell nevus syndrome". Science . 272 (5268): 1668–71.
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^ Cantú-Reyna C (2014).
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^ Ming JE, Kaupas ME, Roessler E, Brunner HG, Golabi M, Tekin M, Stratton RF, Sujansky E, Bale SJ, Muenke M (April 2002).
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^ Ribeiro LA, Quiezi RG, Nascimento A, Bertolacini CP, Richieri-Costa A (July 2010). "Holoprosencephaly and holoprosencephaly-like phenotype and GAS1 DNA sequence changes: Report of four Brazilian patients". Am. J. Med. Genet. A . 152A (7): 1688–94.
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^
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b Mansilla MA, Cooper ME, Goldstein T, Castilla EE, Lopez Camelo JS, Marazita ML, Murray JC (January 2006).
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Further reading
Villavicencio EH, Walterhouse DO, Iannaccone PM (2000).
"The sonic hedgehog-patched-gli pathway in human development and disease" . Am. J. Hum. Genet . 67 (5): 1047–54.
doi :
10.1016/S0002-9297(07)62934-6 .
PMC
1288546 .
PMID
11001584 .
Corcoran RB, Scott MP (2002). "A mouse model for medulloblastoma and basal cell nevus syndrome". J. Neurooncol . 53 (3): 307–18.
doi :
10.1023/A:1012260318979 .
PMID
11718263 .
S2CID
12886219 .
Lindström E, Shimokawa T, Toftgård R, Zaphiropoulos PG (2006).
"PTCH mutations: distribution and analyses" . Hum. Mutat . 27 (3): 215–9.
doi :
10.1002/humu.20296 .
PMID
16419085 .
S2CID
35694533 .
Gailani MR, Bale SJ, Leffell DJ, et al. (1992). "Developmental defects in Gorlin syndrome related to a putative tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 9". Cell . 69 (1): 111–7.
doi :
10.1016/0092-8674(92)90122-S .
PMID
1348213 .
S2CID
25784843 .
Hahn H, Christiansen J, Wicking C, et al. (1996).
"A mammalian patched homolog is expressed in target tissues of sonic hedgehog and maps to a region associated with developmental abnormalities" . J. Biol. Chem . 271 (21): 12125–8.
doi :
10.1074/jbc.271.18.10941 .
PMID
8647801 .
Hahn H, Wicking C, Zaphiropoulous PG, et al. (1996).
"Mutations of the human homolog of Drosophila patched in the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome" . Cell . 85 (6): 841–51.
doi :
10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81268-4 .
PMID
8681379 .
S2CID
16281524 .
Gailani MR, Ståhle-Bäckdahl M, Leffell DJ, et al. (1996). "The role of the human homologue of Drosophila patched in sporadic basal cell carcinomas". Nat. Genet . 14 (1): 78–81.
doi :
10.1038/ng0996-78 .
PMID
8782823 .
S2CID
5221628 .
Chidambaram A, Goldstein AM, Gailani MR, et al. (1996). "Mutations in the human homologue of the Drosophila patched gene in Caucasian and African-American nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome patients". Cancer Res . 56 (20): 4599–601.
PMID
8840969 .
Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997).
"Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery" . Genome Res . 6 (9): 791–806.
doi :
10.1101/gr.6.9.791 .
PMID
8889548 .
Stone DM, Hynes M, Armanini M, et al. (1996). "The tumour-suppressor gene patched encodes a candidate receptor for Sonic hedgehog". Nature . 384 (6605): 129–34.
Bibcode :
1996Natur.384..129S .
doi :
10.1038/384129a0 .
PMID
8906787 .
S2CID
4342540 .
Wicking C, Shanley S, Smyth I, et al. (1997).
"Most germ-line mutations in the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome lead to a premature termination of the PATCHED protein, and no genotype-phenotype correlations are evident" . Am. J. Hum. Genet . 60 (1): 21–6.
PMC
1712561 .
PMID
8981943 .
Lench NJ, Telford EA, High AS, et al. (1997). "Characterisation of human patched germ line mutations in naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome". Hum. Genet . 100 (5–6): 497–502.
doi :
10.1007/s004390050541 .
PMID
9341860 .
S2CID
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Aszterbaum M, Rothman A, Johnson RL, et al. (1998).
"Identification of mutations in the human PATCHED gene in sporadic basal cell carcinomas and in patients with the basal cell nevus syndrome" . J. Invest. Dermatol . 110 (6): 885–8.
doi :
10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00222.x .
PMID
9620294 .
Carpenter D, Stone DM, Brush J, et al. (1998).
"Characterization of two patched receptors for the vertebrate hedgehog protein family" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 95 (23): 13630–4.
Bibcode :
1998PNAS...9513630C .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.95.23.13630 .
PMC
24870 .
PMID
9811851 .
Liu JH, Wei S, Burnette PK, et al. (1999).
"Functional association of TGF-beta receptor II with cyclin B." Oncogene . 18 (1): 269–75.
doi :
10.1038/sj.onc.1202263 .
PMID
9926943 .
Hasenpusch-Theil K, Bataille V, Laehdetie J, et al. (1999).
"Gorlin syndrome: identification of 4 novel germ-line mutations of the human patched (PTCH) gene. Mutations in brief no. 137. Online" . Hum. Mutat . 11 (6): 480.
doi :
10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1998)11:6<480::AID-HUMU9>3.0.CO;2-4 .
PMID
10200051 .
S2CID
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Dong J, Gailani MR, Pomeroy SL, et al. (2000). "Identification of PATCHED mutations in medulloblastomas by direct sequencing". Hum. Mutat . 16 (1): 89–90.
doi :
10.1002/1098-1004(200007)16:1<89::AID-HUMU18>3.0.CO;2-7 .
PMID
10874314 .
S2CID
84143648 .
Reifenberger J, Arnold N, Kiechle M, et al. (2001).
"Coincident PTCH and BRCA1 germline mutations in a patient with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome and familial breast cancer" . J. Invest. Dermatol . 116 (3): 472–4.
doi :
10.1046/j.1523-1747.2001.01279-2.x .
PMID
11231326 .
External links