From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
MicroRNA
In
molecular biology , mir-221 microRNA (and its
paralogue , mir-222 ) is a short
RNA molecule.
MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.
mir-221 is an
oncogenic microRNA.
[1] It targets
CD117 , which then prevents
cell migration and
proliferation in endothelial cells.
[2]
[3]
miR-221 is known as an anti angiogenic miRNA.
[4]
[5]
Recent important studies have reported that miR-221 is also involved in induction of angiogenesis.
[6]
[7]
[8]
RNA induced Silencing Complex (RISC) proteins SND1 and AEG-1 induces miR-221 expression in Liver cancer.
[9]
In liver cancer miR-221 induces the tumor angiogenesis.
[6] miR-221 detection in human faeces can be a non-invasive screening marker for colorectal cancer.
[10]
miR-221 has been identified as playing a role in
androgenetic alopecia .
[11]
See also
References
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^
a
b Santhekadur PK, Das SK, Gredler R, Chen D, Srivastava J, Robertson C, Baldwin AS, Fisher PB, Sarkar D (2012).
"Multifunction protein staphylococcal nuclease domain containing 1 (SND1) promotes tumor angiogenesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma through novel pathway that involves nuclear factor κB and miR-221" . J Biol Chem . 287 (17): 13952–13958.
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^ Nicoli S, Knyphausen CP, Zhu LJ, Lakshmanan A, Lawson ND (2012).
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^ Le Bot, Nathalie (2 April 2012).
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^ Yoo BK, Santhekadur PK, Gredler R, Chen D, Emdad L, Bhutia S, Pannell L, Fisher PB, Sarkar D (2011).
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^ Yau, T. O.; Wu, C. W.; Dong, Y.; Tang, C.-M.; Ng, S. S. M.; Chan, F. K. L.; Sung, J. J. Y.; Yu, J. (28 October 2014).
"microRNA-221 and microRNA-18a identification in stool as potential biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma" . British Journal of Cancer . 111 (9): 1765–1771.
doi :
10.1038/bjc.2014.484 .
ISSN
0007-0920 .
PMC
4453736 .
PMID
25233396 .
^ Li K, Sun Y, Liu S, Zhou Y, Qu Q, Wang G, Wang J, Chen R, Fan Z, Liu B, Li Y, Mao X, Hu Z, Miao Y. The AR/miR-221/IGF-1 pathway mediates the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia. Int J Biol Sci. 2023 Jun 26;19(11):3307-3323. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.80481. PMID 37496996; PMCID: PMC10367565.
Further reading
Zhang C, Zhang J, Zhang A, Wang Y, Han L, You Y, Pu P, Kang C (2010).
"PUMA is a novel target of miR-221/222 in human epithelial cancers" . Int J Oncol . 37 (6): 1621–1626.
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Pu XX, Huang GL, Guo HQ, Guo CC, Li H, Ye S, Ling S, Jiang L, Tian Y, Lin TY (2010). "Circulating miR-221 directly amplified from plasma is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker of colorectal cancer and is correlated with p53 expression". J Gastroenterol Hepatol . 25 (10): 1674–1680.
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PMID
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Kedde M, van Kouwenhove M, Zwart W, Oude Vrielink JA, Elkon R, Agami R (2010). "A Pumilio-induced RNA structure switch in p27–3' UTR controls miR-221 and miR-222 accessibility". Nat Cell Biol . 12 (10): 1014–1020.
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PMID
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Zhang CZ, Zhang JX, Zhang AL, Shi ZD, Han L, Jia ZF, Yang WD, Wang GX, Jiang T, You YP, Pu PY, Cheng JQ, Kang CS (2010).
"MiR-221 and miR-222 target PUMA to induce cell survival in glioblastoma" . Mol Cancer . 9 : 229.
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10.1186/1476-4598-9-229 .
PMC
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PMID
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Dai R, Li J, Liu Y, Yan D, Chen S, Duan C, Liu X, He T, Li H (2010). "miR-221/222 suppression protects against endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis via p27(Kip1)- and MEK/ERK-mediated cell cycle regulation". Biol Chem . 391 (7): 791–801.
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10.1515/BC.2010.072 .
PMID
20624000 .
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23085890 .
Chun-Zhi Z, Lei H, An-Ling Z, Yan-Chao F, Xiao Y, Guang-Xiu W, Zhi-Fan J, Pei-Yu P, Qing-Yu Z, Chun-Sheng K (2010).
"MicroRNA-221 and microRNA-222 regulate gastric carcinoma cell proliferation and radioresistance by targeting PTEN" . BMC Cancer . 10 : 367.
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10.1186/1471-2407-10-367 .
PMC
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PMID
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Kim D, Song J, Jin EJ (2010).
"MicroRNA-221 regulates chondrogenic differentiation through promoting proteosomal degradation of slug by targeting Mdm2" . J Biol Chem . 285 (35): 26900–26907.
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PMC
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PMID
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PMID
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retracted |...}}
with {{
retracted |...|intentional=yes}}
. )
Das SK, Sokhi UK, Bhutia SK, Azab B, Su ZZ, Sarkar D, Fisher PB (2010).
"Human polynucleotide phosphorylase selectively and preferentially degrades microRNA-221 in human melanoma cells" . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 107 (26): 11948–11953.
Bibcode :
2010PNAS..10711948D .
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10.1073/pnas.0914143107 .
PMC
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Chen Y, Banda M, Speyer CL, Smith JS, Rabson AB, Gorski DH (2010).
"Regulation of the expression and activity of the antiangiogenic homeobox gene GAX/MEOX2 by ZEB2 and microRNA-221" . Mol Cell Biol . 30 (15): 3902–3913.
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10.1128/MCB.01237-09 .
PMC
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Wurz K, Garcia RL, Goff BA, Mitchell PS, Lee JH, Tewari M, Swisher EM (2010).
"MiR-221 and MiR-222 alterations in sporadic ovarian carcinoma: Relationship to CDKN1B, CDKNIC and overall survival" . Genes Chromosomes Cancer . 49 (7): 577–584.
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10.1002/gcc.20768 .
PMC
2869465 .
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Zhang C, Han L, Zhang A, Yang W, Zhou X, Pu P, Du Y, Zeng H, Kang C (2010).
"Global changes of mRNA expression reveals an increased activity of the interferon-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway by repression of miR-221/222 in glioblastoma U251 cells" . Int J Oncol . 36 (6): 1503–1512.
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10.3892/ijo_00000637 .
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20428775 .
Gabbianelli M, Testa U, Morsilli O, Pelosi E, Saulle E, Petrucci E, Castelli G, Giovinazzi S, Mariani G, Fiori ME, Bonanno G, Massa A, Croce CM, Fontana L, Peschle C (2010).
"Mechanism of human Hb switching: a possible role of the kit receptor/miR 221–222 complex" . Haematologica . 95 (8): 1253–1260.
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PMC
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Frenquelli M, Muzio M, Scielzo C, Fazi C, Scarfò L, Rossi C, Ferrari G, Ghia P, Caligaris-Cappio F (2010).
"MicroRNA and proliferation control in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: functional relationship between miR-221/222 cluster and p27" . Blood . 115 (19): 3949–3959.
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10.1182/blood-2009-11-254656 .
PMID
20203269 .
Zhang J, Han L, Ge Y, Zhou X, Zhang A, Zhang C, Zhong Y, You Y, Pu P, Kang C (2010).
"miR-221/222 promote malignant progression of glioma through activation of the Akt pathway" . Int J Oncol . 36 (4): 913–920.
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10.3892/ijo_00000570 .
PMID
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Fu X, Wang Q, Chen J, Huang X, Chen X, Cao L, Tan H, Li W, Zhang L, Bi J, Su Q, Chen L (2010). "Clinical significance of miR-221 and its inverse correlation with p27(Kip1) in hepatocellular carcinoma". Mol Biol Rep . 38 (5): 3029–3035.
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PMID
20146005 .
S2CID
24880277 .
Hu G, Gong AY, Liu J, Zhou R, Deng C, Chen XM (2010).
"miR-221 suppresses ICAM-1 translation and regulates interferon-gamma-induced ICAM-1 expression in human cholangiocytes" . Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol . 298 (4): G542–50.
doi :
10.1152/ajpgi.00490.2009 .
PMC
2853302 .
PMID
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Zhao P, Fu Z, You YP, Lu XM, Lu AL, Liu N (2009). "[Construction and screening an effective anti-miR-221 RNAi vector in vitro]". Sichuan da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban . 40 (6): 973–977.
PMID
20067101 .
Zhang CZ, Kang CS, Pu PY, Wang GX, Jia ZF, Zhang AL, Han L, Xu P (2009). "[Inhibitory effect of knocking down microRNA-221 and microRNA-222 on glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo]". Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi . 31 (10): 721–726.
PMID
20021821 .
Pineau P, Volinia S, McJunkin K, Marchio A, Battiston C, Terris B, Mazzaferro V, Lowe SW, Croce CM, Dejean A (2010).
"miR-221 overexpression contributes to liver tumorigenesis" . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 107 (1): 264–269.
Bibcode :
2010PNAS..107..264P .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.0907904107 .
PMC
2806773 .
PMID
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Sredni ST, Bonaldo Mde F, Costa FF, Huang CC, Hamm CA, Rajaram V, Tomita T, Goldman S, Bischof JM, Soares MB (2010). "Upregulation of mir-221 and mir-222 in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors: potential therapeutic targets". Childs Nerv Syst . 26 (3): 279–283.
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PMID
20012062 .
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Garofalo M, Di Leva G, Romano G, Nuovo G, Suh SS, Ngankeu A, Taccioli C, Pichiorri F, Alder H, Secchiero P, Gasparini P, Gonelli A, Costinean S, Acunzo M, Condorelli G, Croce CM (2009).
"miR-221&222 regulate TRAIL resistance and enhance tumorigenicity through PTEN and TIMP3 downregulation" . Cancer Cell . 16 (6): 498–509.
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10.1016/j.ccr.2009.10.014 .
PMC
2796583 .
PMID
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PMID
36306794 . If this is an intentional citation to a retracted paper, please replace {{
retracted |...}}
with {{
retracted |...|intentional=yes}}
. )
Zhang C, Wang G, Kang C, Du Y, Pu P (2009). "[Up-regulation of p27(kip1) by miR-221/222 antisense oligonucleotides enhances the radiosensitivity of U251 glioblastoma]". Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi . 26 (6): 634–638.
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PMID
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Cardinali B, Castellani L, Fasanaro P, Basso A, Alemà S, Martelli F, Falcone G (2009). Ng IO (ed.).
"Microrna-221 and microrna-222 modulate differentiation and maturation of skeletal muscle cells" . PLOS ONE . 4 (10): e7607.
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2009PLoSO...4.7607C .
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10.1371/journal.pone.0007607 .
PMC
2762614 .
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Lu Q, Lu C, Zhou GP, Zhang W, Xiao H, Wang XR (2009). "MicroRNA-221 silencing predisposed human bladder cancer cells to undergo apoptosis induced by TRAIL". Urol Oncol . 28 (6): 635–641.
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Kotani A, Ha D, Hsieh J, Rao PK, Schotte D, den Boer ML, Armstrong SA, Lodish HF (2009).
"miR-128b is a potent glucocorticoid sensitizer in MLL-AF4 acute lymphocytic leukemia cells and exerts cooperative effects with miR-221" . Blood . 114 (19): 4169–4178.
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Gramantieri L, Fornari F, Ferracin M, Veronese A, Sabbioni S, Calin GA, Grazi GL, Croce CM, Bolondi L, Negrini M (2009).
"MicroRNA-221 targets Bmf in hepatocellular carcinoma and correlates with tumor multifocality" . Clin Cancer Res . 15 (16): 5073–5081.
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Sun T, Yang M, Kantoff P, Lee GS (2009).
"Role of microRNA-221/-222 in cancer development and progression" . Cell Cycle . 8 (15): 2315–2316.
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Spahn M, Kneitz S, Scholz CJ, Stenger N, Rüdiger T, Ströbel P, Riedmiller H, Kneitz B (2010).
"Expression of microRNA-221 is progressively reduced in aggressive prostate cancer and metastasis and predicts clinical recurrence" . Int J Cancer . 127 (2): 394–403.
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Terasawa K, Ichimura A, Sato F, Shimizu K, Tsujimoto G (2009). "Sustained activation of ERK1/2 by NGF induces microRNA-221 and 222 in PC12 cells". FEBS J . 276 (12): 3269–3276.
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Zhang C, Kang C, You Y, Pu P, Yang W, Zhao P, Wang G, Zhang A, Jia Z, Han L, Jiang H (2009).
"Co-suppression of miR-221/222 cluster suppresses human glioma cell growth by targeting p27kip1 in vitro and in vivo" . Int J Oncol . 34 (6): 1653–1660.
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Minami Y, Satoh M, Maesawa C, Takahashi Y, Tabuchi T, Itoh T, Nakamura M (2009).
"Effect of atorvastatin on microRNA 221 / 222 expression in endothelial progenitor cells obtained from patients with coronary artery disease" . Eur J Clin Invest . 39 (5): 359–367.
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PMID
19371267 .
S2CID
205291066 .
Sun T, Wang Q, Balk S, Brown M, Lee GS, Kantoff P (2009).
"The role of microRNA-221 and microRNA-222 in androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines" . Cancer Res . 69 (8): 3356–3363.
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PMC
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Li Y, Song YH, Li F, Yang T, Lu YW, Geng YJ (2009).
"MicroRNA-221 regulates high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction" . Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 381 (1): 81–83.
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PMC
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Liu X, Cheng Y, Zhang S, Lin Y, Yang J, Zhang C (2009).
"A necessary role of miR-221 and miR-222 in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia" . Circ Res . 104 (4): 476–487.
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PMC
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Mayoral RJ, Pipkin ME, Pachkov M, van Nimwegen E, Rao A, Monticelli S (2009).
"MicroRNA-221-222 regulate the cell cycle in mast cells" . Journal of Immunology . 182 (1): 433–445.
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PMC
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Mercatelli N, Coppola V, Bonci D, Miele F, Costantini A, Guadagnoli M, Bonanno E, Muto G, Frajese GV, De Maria R, Spagnoli LG, Farace MG, Ciafrè SA (2008). Blagosklonny MV (ed.).
"The inhibition of the highly expressed miR-221 and miR-222 impairs the growth of prostate carcinoma xenografts in mice" . PLOS ONE . 3 (12): e4029.
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2008PLoSO...3.4029M .
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10.1371/journal.pone.0004029 .
PMC
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Davis BN, Hilyard AC, Nguyen PH, Lagna G, Hata A (2009).
"Induction of microRNA-221 by platelet-derived growth factor signaling is critical for modulation of vascular smooth muscle phenotype" . J Biol Chem . 284 (6): 3728–3738.
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Kim HJ, Chung JK, Hwang do W, Lee DS, Kim S (2008). "In vivo imaging of miR-221 biogenesis in papillary thyroid carcinoma". Mol Imaging Biol . 11 (2): 71–78.
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Felicetti F, Errico MC, Segnalini P, Mattia G, Carè A (2008). "MicroRNA-221 and -222 pathway controls melanoma progression". Expert Rev Anticancer Ther . 8 (11): 1759–1765.
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hdl :
10371/67771 .
PMID
18794255 .
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16600024 .
Zhao JJ, Lin J, Yang H, Kong W, He L, Ma X, Coppola D, Cheng JQ (2008).
"MicroRNA-221/222 negatively regulates estrogen receptor alpha and is associated with tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer" . J Biol Chem . 283 (45): 31079–31086.
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PMC
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retracted |...}}
with {{
retracted |...|intentional=yes}}
. )
Miller TE, Ghoshal K, Ramaswamy B, Roy S, Datta J, Shapiro CL, Jacob S, Majumder S (2008).
"MicroRNA-221/222 confers tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer by targeting p27Kip1" . J Biol Chem . 283 (44): 29897–29903.
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Fornari F, Gramantieri L, Ferracin M, Veronese A, Sabbioni S, Calin GA, Grazi GL, Giovannini C, Croce CM, Bolondi L, Negrini M (2008). "MiR-221 controls CDKN1C/p57 and CDKN1B/p27 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma". Oncogene . 27 (43): 5651–5661.
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S2CID
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Felicetti F, Errico MC, Bottero L, Segnalini P, Stoppacciaro A, Biffoni M, Felli N, Mattia G, Petrini M, Colombo MP, Peschle C, Carè A (2008).
"The promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger-microRNA-221/-222 pathway controls melanoma progression through multiple oncogenic mechanisms" . Cancer Res . 68 (8): 2745–2754.
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Visone R, Russo L, Pallante P, De Martino I, Ferraro A, Leone V, Borbone E, Petrocca F, Alder H, Croce CM, Fusco A (2007).
"MicroRNAs (miR)-221 and miR-222, both overexpressed in human thyroid papillary carcinomas, regulate p27Kip1 protein levels and cell cycle" . Endocr Relat Cancer . 14 (3): 791–798.
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le Sage C, Nagel R, Egan DA, Schrier M, Mesman E, Mangiola A, Anile C, Maira G, Mercatelli N, Ciafrè SA, Farace MG, Agami R (2007).
"Regulation of the p27(Kip1) tumor suppressor by miR-221 and miR-222 promotes cancer cell proliferation" . The EMBO Journal . 26 (15): 3699–3708.
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Galardi S, Mercatelli N, Giorda E, Massalini S, Frajese GV, Ciafrè SA, Farace MG (2007).
"miR-221 and miR-222 expression affects the proliferation potential of human prostate carcinoma cell lines by targeting p27Kip1" . J Biol Chem . 282 (32): 23716–23724.
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17569667 .
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