Areas of the world with subtropical climates
This list of locations with a subtropical climate specifically lists locations considered within the
subtropics . The subtropics are geographic and
climate zones located roughly between the
Tropic of Cancer and
Tropic of Capricorn and the 40th parallel in both hemispheres. Subtropical climate regions can exist at high elevations within the
tropics , such as across the
Mexican Plateau and the
Ethiopian Highlands and in
Da Lat of the
Vietnamese Central Highlands . These regions can also exist beyond 45 degrees poleward due to maritime influences on the NW European and Argentinian coasts, according to Trewartha.
Six climate classifications utilise the term to help define the various
temperature and
precipitation regions for the planet
Earth . Using the
Trewartha climate classification eight or more months of the year within the subtropics have an average temperature at or above 10 °C (50 °F). The
Köppen climate classification instead classifies the warmest month above 22 °C (71.6 °F) and the coldest above 0 °C (32 °F) or −3 °C (26.6 °F) depending on preference. Under both classifications, at least one month must average below 18 °C (64.4 °F) or the climate is considered tropical.
Leslie Holdridge defined the subtropical climates as having a mean annual
biotemperature between the frost line or critical temperature line, 16 °C to 18 °C (depending on locations in the world) and 24 °C.
[1] The frost line separates the warm temperate region from the subtropical region. It represents the dividing line between two major physiological groups of evolved plants. On the warmer side of the line, the majority of the plants are sensitive to low temperatures. They can be killed back by frosts as they have not evolved to withstand periods of cold. On the colder temperate side of the line, the total flora is adapted to survive periods of variable length of low temperatures, whether as seeds in the case of the annuals or as perennial plants which can withstand the cold. The [16 °C-18 °C] segment is often "simplified" as 17 °C (= 2(log2 12+0;5) ≈ 16.97 °C).
[2]
The Holdridge subtropical climates straddle more or less the warmest subtropical climates and the less warm tropical climates as defined by the Köppen-Geiger or Trewartha climate classifications.
However
Wladimir Köppen has distinguished the hot or subtropical and tropical (semi-)arid climates (BWh or BSh ) having an average annual temperature greater than or equal to 18 °C (64.4 °F) from the cold or temperate (semi-)arid climates (BWk or BSk ) whose annual temperature average is lower.
[3] This definition, though restricted to dry regions, is almost similar to Holdridge's.
A great portion of the world's deserts are located within the subtropics, due to the development of the
subtropical ridge . Within the
humid monsoon regions in the subtropics such as Northern Vietnam (including
Hanoi ), a
wet season is seen annually during the summer, which is when most of the yearly rainfall falls. Within the
Mediterranean climate region, the wet season occurs during the winter. Areas bordering warm oceans are prone to locally heavy rainfall from
tropical cyclones , which can contribute a significant percentage of the annual rainfall. Plants such as
date palms ,
citrus ,
mango ,
litchi , and
avocado are grown within the subtropical zones.
This is not a complete list and is not intended to be one. Many of the higher mountains at tropical latitudes have sparsely (if at all) inhabited areas with a subtropical climate.
Africa
^1 Only in Trewartha's classification.
^2 Which borders on a fully tropical climate.
French Garden in
Alexandria ,
Egypt .
Downtown
Nairobi , Kenya.
Sofitel Hotel,
Marrakesh , Morocco.
Town Hall in Durban, South Africa.
Jacaranda trees in
Harare , Zimbabwe.
Algeria :
Algiers ,
Oran ,
Tamanrasset
Angola :
Cuíto
1 ,
Huambo
1 ,
Lubango
1 ,
Luena ,
Menongue ,
[4]
Moçâmedes
Botswana :
Francistown ,
Gaborone ,
Maun
Cape Verde :
Achada Furna
1 ,
Chã das Caldeiras
1
Chad :
Tibesti Mountains
Democratic Republic of the Congo :
Kolwezi
2 ,
Likasi ,
Lubumbashi
Djibouti :
Airolaf
Egypt :
Alexandria ,
Aswan ,
Cairo
Eritrea :
Asmara
1 ,
Keren
1 ,
Nakfa
Eswatini :
Mbabane
1
Ethiopia :
Addis Ababa
1 ,
Bahir Dar
2 ,
Jijiga
1
Kenya :
Eldoret
1 ,
Nairobi
1 ,
Nakuru
1
Lesotho :
Maseru
1
Libya :
Al Jawf ,
Benghazi ,
Sabha ,
Tripoli
Madagascar :
Antananarivo
1 ,
Antsirabe
1 ,
Fianarantsoa
1
Malawi :
Dedza
1 ,
Lilongwe
Mali :
Taoudenni
2
[5]
Mauritania :
Zouérat
Mauritius :
Piton de la Petite Rivière Noire
Morocco :
Casablanca ,
Essaouira
1 ,
Fez ,
Marrakesh ,
Meknes ,
Rabat ,
Tangier
Mozambique :
Lichinga
1
Namibia :
Keetmanshoop ,
Lüderitz
1 ,
Swakopmund
1 ,
Walvis Bay
1 ,
Windhoek
Niger :
Aïr Mountains
Réunion : Interior (beaches are tropical)
São Tomé and Príncipe :
Pico de São Tomé
1
Somalia :
Erigavo
1
Somaliland :
Hargeisa
South Africa : most of including
Bloemfontein ,
Cape Town
1 ,
Durban ,
Johannesburg
1 ,
Kimberley ,
Musina ,
Pietermaritzburg ,
Port Elizabeth
1 , and
Pretoria .
South Sudan :
Imatong Mountains (highest areas only)
Tanzania :
Arusha
1 ,
Mbeya
1 ,
Tunisia :
Medenine ,
Tunis
Uganda :
Kabale
1
[6]
Western Sahara :
Laayoune
Zambia :
Livingstone ,
Lusaka ,
Ndola
Zimbabwe :
Bulawayo
1 ,
Harare
1 ,
Marondera
1
Islands of the European Union around the Atlantic coast of NW Africa:
Ceuta ,
Melilla , and
Plazas de soberanía , Spain.
Pantelleria and the
Pelagie Islands , Italy
British islands in the South Atlantic:
Asia
^1 Only in Trewartha's classification.
^2 Which borders on a fully tropical climate..
^3 Borderline.
Tajhat Palace ,
Rangpur, Bangladesh
Ayia Napa ,
Cyprus
Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad , India
Shiraz Botanical Garden, Iran.
Osaka City University, Japan.
Ghantaghar and Jacaranda,
Kathmandu ,
Nepal
Afghanistan :
Herat ,
Jalalabad ,
Kandahar ,
Khost ,
Kunduz ,
Lashkargah ,
Mazar-i-Sharif
Akrotiri and Dhekelia
Azerbaijan :
Astara ,
Baku ,
Lankaran ,
Mingachevir
3 ,
Şirvan
Bahrain :
Manama
Bangladesh :
Dinajpur ,
Rangpur City ,
Saidpur
Bhutan :
Thimphu
1
Brunei :
Pagon Hill
1
Cambodia :
Cardamom Mountains
China :
Beiliu ,
Changsha ,
Chengdu ,
Chongqing ,
Dongguan ,
Fuzhou ,
Guangzhou ,
Guilin ,
Guiyang ,
Hangzhou ,
Hefei ,
Kunming
1 ,
Nanjing ,
Nanning ,
Ningbo ,
Shanghai ,
Shenzhen ,
Suzhou ,
Turpan
1 ,
Wuhan ,
Xiamen ,
Yangzhou ,
Zhengzhou
3
Cyprus :
Ayia Napa ,
[7]
Larnaca ,
Limassol ,
Nicosia
Egypt :
Sinai Peninsula
Georgia :
Batumi ,
Kutaisi ,
[8]
Sukhumi (capital of
Abkhazia ),
Zugdidi
3
Greece :
Chios ,
Dodecanese Islands,
Lesbos
Hong Kong :
Kowloon ,
Wan Chai
India :
Agartala ,
Agra ,
Aizawl ,
Allahabad ,
Amritsar ,
Bhopal
2 ,
Cardamom Hills ,
Chandigarh ,
Dehradun ,
Delhi ,
Dhanbad
2 ,
Dimapur ,
Faridabad ,
Gangtok
1 ,
Ghaziabad ,
Guwahati ,
Imphal ,
Itanagar ,
Jaipur ,
Jammu ,
Kanpur ,
Kodaikanal
1 ,
Kohima
1 ,
Lucknow ,
Ludhiana ,
Meerut ,
Ooty
1 ,
Patna ,
Ranchi ,
Shillong
1 ,
Shimla
1 , and
Varanasi .
Indonesia :
Batu
1 ,
Barisan Mountains
1 ,
Bromo Tengger Semeru
1 ,
Dieng Plateau
1 ,
Puncak pass
1
Iran :
Ahvaz ,
Bandar Abbas
2 ,
[9]
Bandar-e Anzali ,
Birjand ,
Bushehr ,
Gorgan ,
Ilam ,
Isfahan ,
Kashan ,
Kerman ,
Khorramabad ,
Qom ,
Rasht ,
Sabzevar ,
Sari ,
Saveh ,
Semnan ,
Shiraz , lower elevations of
Tehran ,
Yazd ,
Zahedan
Iraq :
Baghdad ,
Basra ,
Erbil ,
Mosul ,
Sulaymaniyah
Israel :
Eilat ,
Haifa ,
Jerusalem ,
Tel Aviv
Japan :
Bonin Islands
2 ,
Fukuoka ,
Hiroshima ,
Izu Islands ,
Jōetsu ,
Kanazawa ,
Kumagaya ,
Kyoto ,
Maebashi ,
Matsuyama ,
Nagasaki ,
Nagoya ,
Naha ,
Nasushiobara
3 ,
Niigata ,
[10]
Okayama ,
Osaka ,
Sado
3 ,
[11]
Tokyo ,
Yamaguchi
3 ,
Yokohama .
Jordan :
Amman ,
Petra
Kuwait :
Kuwait City
Laos :
Phongsali
1 ,
Phonsavan
Lebanon :
Beirut ,
Tripoli
Macau :
Coloane ,
Taipa
Malaysia :
Brinchang
1 ,
Cameron Highlands
1 ,
Genting Highlands
1
Myanmar :
Hakha
1 ,
Lashio ,
Mogok ,
Myitkyina
2 ,
Putao Town ,
Tamu ,
Taunggyi
Nepal :
Kathmandu ,
Pokhara
Northern Cyprus :
North Nicosia
Oman :
Saiq
Pakistan : most of (except for tropical
Arabian Sea coast) including
Faisalabad ,
Hyderabad
2 ,
Islamabad ,
Lahore ,
Mardan ,
Multan ,
Muzaffarabad ,
Peshawar , and
Quetta .
Palestinian territories :
East Jerusalem ,
Gaza City ,
Nablus
Philippines :
Baguio
1
2 ,
[12]
Balbalan
2 ,
La Trinidad
1
Qatar :
Doha
2
Saudi Arabia :
Dammam ,
Dhahran ,
Hofuf ,
Jubail ,
Medina
2 ,
Riyadh ,
Tabuk
South Korea :
Busan ,
Changwon ,
Geochagundo ,
Geoje ,
Jeju ,
Tongyeong ,
Ulsan
3 ,
[13]
Yeosu
Sri Lanka :
Nuwara Eliya
1
Syria :
Aleppo ,
Damascus ,
Homs ,
Latakia ,
Raqqa
Taiwan :
Chiayi ,
Hsinchu ,
Penghu (disputed with China),
Taichung ,
Tainan ,
Taipei
Tajikistan :
Bokhtar ,
Dushanbe
3 ,
Kulob
Turkey :
Adana ,
Antakya ,
Antalya ,
Batman
3 ,
Bursa ,
Çanakkale ,
Gaziantep ,
İnebolu ,
İskenderun ,
Istanbul (also in Europe)
3 ,
İzmir ,
Mersin ,
Samsun ,
Sinop
3 ,
Tekirdağ (Europe),
Trabzon
3 ,
Urfa
Turkmenistan :
Ashgabat ,
Balkanabat ,
Mary
[14]
United Arab Emirates :
Sharjah
Uzbekistan :
Bukhara
3 ,
Namangan
3 ,
Navoiy
3 ,
Qarshi ,
Tashkent
3 ,
Termez
Vietnam :
Da Lat
1 ,
Haiphong ,
Hanoi ,
Sa Pa
1
Yemen :
Hajjah ,
Kawkaban ,
Sana
1
Americas
^1 Only in Trewartha's classification.
^2 Borderline.
^3 Borderline only in Trewartha's classification.
^4 Which borders on a fully tropical climate.
Light snow on
Cerro El Pital , El Salvador
Statue of
Don Quixote ,
Torreón , Mexico
Echo Park, Los Angeles , United States
Parque Rodó ,
Montevideo , Uruguay
Argentina : Extreme north to coastal
Chubut Province including
Buenos Aires ,
Comodoro Rivadavia
3 ,
Mar del Plata
1 ,
Mendoza ,
Neuquén ,
Rawson
3 ,
Rosario ,
Salta
1 ,
San Miguel de Tucumán , and
Viedma
Bermuda
4
Bolivia :
Cochabamba
1 , lower elevations of
La Paz
1 ,
Sucre
1 ,
Tarija
1
Brazil :
Paraná ,
Rio Grande do Sul ,
Santa Catarina , and parts of
Mato Grosso do Sul and
São Paulo states including the city of
São Paulo . Also
Petrópolis and
Teresópolis
1 in
Rio de Janeiro State and highlands of
Minas Gerais including
Juiz de Fora and
Três Corações .
Chile : North of 40°S including
Antofagasta
1 ,
Arica ,
Concepción
1 ,
Copiapó ,
Iquique ,
Juan Fernández Islands
1 ,
Rancagua
1 ,
Santiago
1 ,
Temuco
3 ,
Valdivia
3 ,
[15] and
Valparaíso
1 .
Colombia :
Bogotá
1 ,
Manizales
1 ,
Tunja
1
Costa Rica :
Mount Chirripó
1
Dominican Republic :
Constanza
1
Ecuador :
Ambato
1 ,
Cuenca
1 ,
Latacunga
1 ,
Quito
1 ,
Riobamba
1
[16]
El Salvador :
Cerro El Pital
1
Guatemala :
Antigua Guatemala
1 ,
Cobán
1 ,
Fraijanes
1 ,
Quetzaltenango
1
Haiti :
Kenscoff
1
4
[17]
Honduras :
La Esperanza
1 ,
Santa Rosa de Copán
1 ,
Siguatepeque
4
Jamaica :
Blue Mountains
1
Mexico : Almost all of the
northern part (
Culiacán and
Los Cabos are tropical) and some other highland areas including the
Mexican Plateau . Major cities include
Aguascalientes City ,
Ciudad Juárez ,
Guadalajara ,
Hermosillo ,
León ,
Matamoros ,
Mexicali ,
Mexico City
1 ,
Monterrey ,
Puebla
1 ,
Querétaro City ,
Reynosa ,
San Luis Potosí City
1 ,
Tijuana , and
Torreón . Also
Ciudad Constitución ,
Ciudad Victoria ,
Durango City ,
Ensenada ,
Guadalupe Island
1 ,
Guanajuato City ,
La Paz ,
Morelia
1 ,
Pachuca
1 ,
Rosarito
1 ,
Saltillo ,
Tepic ,
Tlaxcala City
1 ,
Toluca
1 ,
Xalapa
1 , and
Zacatecas City
1 .
Nicaragua :
Mogotón
1
Panama :
Cerro Punta
1
Paraguay : southern areas including
Asunción
4 and
Ciudad del Este
Peru :
Arequipa
1 ,
Cajamarca
1 ,
Chachapoyas
1 ,
Cusco
1 ,
Lima ,
Trujillo
United States :
East Coast from the southern
Delmarva Peninsula to Florida (but not including tropical
South Florida ,
Everglades , and the
Florida Keys ),
Gulf Coast , parts of the inland
South and
Southwest , and the
West Coast from San Diego to northern California and coastal southern Oregon. Major cities:
Atlanta ;
[18]
Austin ;
[19]
Baltimore
2 ;
[20]
Birmingham ;
[21]
Charlotte ;
[22]
Dallas ;
[23]
El Paso ;
[24]
Fresno, CA ;
[25]
Greensboro, NC
2 ;
[26]
Greenville, SC ;
[27]
Houston ;
[28]
Jacksonville ;
[29]
Knoxville, TN
2 ;
[30]
Las Vegas ;
[31]
Los Angeles
1 ;
[32]
[33]
Memphis ;
[34]
Nashville
2 ;
[35]
New Orleans ;
[36]
Norfolk ;
[37]
Oklahoma City ;
[38]
Orlando ;
[39]
Phoenix ;
[40]
Raleigh ;
[41]
Richmond, VA
2 ;
[42]
Riverside, CA ;
[43]
Sacramento ;
[44]
San Antonio ;
[45]
San Diego
1 ;
[46]
San Francisco
1 ;
[47]
San Jose
1 ;
[48]
Tampa ;
[49]
Tucson ;
[50]
Tulsa ;
[51]
Washington, D.C.
2 .
[52] The humid subtropical zone of the US South according to Trewartha is coloured yellow-green on this map:
[1] If using the
Köppen climate classification with the 0 °C coldest-month isotherm, the subtropics extend from
Martha's Vineyard ,
extreme SW Rhode Island , and most of
Long Island to central Florida in the eastern states, include the southern tier of the
Midwest , and extend as far north as the Columbia Valley of SE
Washington in the inland west. Under this definition
Boise ,
Cincinnati ,
Denver ,
Harrisburg , and
St. Louis are borderline and
Walla Walla, Washington is Csa , but the Pacific coastline is Csb .
Uruguay : All
Venezuela :
Mérida
1
4 ,
Mucuchíes
1
Europe
^1 Only in Trewartha's classification.
^2 Borderline.
^3 Borderline only in Trewartha's classification.
Dubrovnik harbour,
Croatia
Villa Groppallo Serra,
Genoa , Italy
Plaça Reial ,
Barcelona ,
Catalonia , Spain
St Mary's Church,
Penzance ,
Cornwall ,
United Kingdom
Albania :
Durrës ,
Elbasan ,
Shkodër ,
Tirana ,
Vlorë
Bosnia and Herzegovina : Coastal strip including
Neum ,
Mostar
2
[53]
Bulgaria :
Sandanski ,
Sozopol ,
Sunny Beach ,
Tsarevo ,
Varna
2
Crimea :
Yalta
2 (
disputed between Russia and Ukraine )
Croatia :
Dubrovnik ,
Pula ,
Rijeka
2 ,
[54]
Split ,
Zadar
France :
Ajaccio ,
Avignon ,
Belle Île
1 ,
Biarritz
1 ,
Bordeaux
1 ,
Cannes ,
Île d'Yeu
1 ,
La Rochelle
3 ,
Lourdes
3 ,
Marseille ,
Montpellier ,
Narbonne ,
[55]
Nice ,
Nîmes ,
Noirmoutier
3 ,
Perpignan ,
Toulon ,
Toulouse
2 ,
Ushant
3
Gibraltar
Greece :
Athens ,
Corfu ,
Heraklion ,
Larissa ,
Patras ,
Thessaloniki
Italy :
Bari ,
Cagliari ,
Capri ,
[56]
Elba ,
Florence ,
Genoa ,
Livorno ,
Naples ,
Palermo ,
Pescara ,
Pisa ,
Rome ,
Taranto ,
Trieste
2
Malta :
Birkirkara ,
Valletta
Monaco
Montenegro :
Bar ,
Podgorica
North Macedonia :
Gevgelija
Portugal :
Azores ,
Braga
1 ,
Coimbra ,
Faro ,
Lisbon ,
Porto
1
Russia :
Sochi and
Tuapse on the coast of
Krasnodar Krai
San Marino (lower areas are borderline)
Slovenia :
Koper
2
Spain :
A Coruña
1 ,
Alicante ,
Almería ,
Balearic Islands ,
Barcelona ,
Bilbao
1 ,
Cádiz ,
Córdoba ,
Gijón
1 ,
Granada ,
Huesca
2 ,
Logroño ,
Madrid ,
Málaga ,
Mérida ,
Murcia ,
San Sebastián
1 ,
Santander
1 ,
Seville ,
Toledo ,
Valencia ,
Vigo
1 ,
Zaragoza
United Kingdom :
Bailiwick of Guernsey
3 ,
[57]
Isles of Scilly
3 ,
Jersey
3 ,
[58]
Penzance
3
[59]
Vatican City
Oceania
^1 Only in Trewartha's classification.
^2 Borderline.
^3 Which borders on a fully tropical climate.
Elabana Falls in
Lamington National Park ,
Queensland
Blenheim ,
South Island ,
New Zealand
Australia :
New South Wales (though not most of the Tablelands and Highland regions),
Jervis Bay Territory , lower elevations of
Australian Capital Territory (
Canberra is borderline only in Trewartha's classification), parts of
Queensland and
Western Australia , most of
South Australia and
Victoria , and
Alice Springs in the
Northern Territory . Major cities in Australia include
Sydney ,
Melbourne
1 ,
[60]
Perth ,
Brisbane , and
Adelaide . Also
Lord Howe Island and
Norfolk Island in the Pacific; coastal
Tasmania including
Hobart
1
[61] and
Launceston
1 ;
[62] and
Mount Isa
[63] and
Rockhampton ,
[64] Queensland.
Indonesia :
Jayawijaya Mountains
1 ,
Malino
1
3 ,
Mamasa
1
Regency
New Zealand : Using the
Trewartha climate classification : The north and coastal regions of the
North Island including the
Auckland ,
Northland , and
Bay of Plenty regions
[65] and
Wellington .
[66] Also
Blenheim ,
[67]
Hokitika ,
[68]
Nelson ,
[69]
Okarito ,
[70] and
Westport
[71] in the
South Island ; the
Kermadec Islands to the NE of the North Island; and the
Chatham Islands
2
[72] to the east of the South Island. Using the
Köppen climate classification , New Zealand has an
oceanic climate except for the Kermadecs, which are humid subtropical.
Papua New Guinea :
Kainantu
1 ,
[73]
Wabag
1
Polynesia :
Bass Islands ,
French Polynesia
3 ;
[74] highlands of the
Hawaiian Islands ;
Adamstown, Pitcairn Islands
3 (Pitcairn beaches are tropical)
[75]
Southern Indian Ocean
^1 Only in Trewartha's classification.
Île Saint-Paul
References
^
LIFE ZONE ECOLOGY by L. R. Holdridge
^
The climate of Carpathian Region in the 20th century based on the original and modified Holdridge life zone system
^
"What is a Desert Climate?" . November 2017.
^
"Menonge, Angola Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Taoudenni, Mali Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Kabale, Uganda Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Ayia Napa, Cyprus Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Kutaisi, Georgia Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Bandar-e-Abbas, Iran Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Niigata, Japan Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Sado Island, Japan Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Baguio, Philippines Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Ulsan, South Korea Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Mary, Turkmenistan Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Valdivia, Chile Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Rio Bamba, Ecuador Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Kenscoff, Haiti Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Station Name: GA ATLANTA HARTSFIELD INTL AP" . National Oceani c and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-03-24 .
^
"Station Name: TX AUSTIN-CAMP MABRY" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-03-24 .
^
"Climate Baltimore - Maryland" . US Climate Data. Retrieved 17 September 2020 .
^
"Birmingham, Alabama Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Station Name: NC CHARLOTTE DOUGLAS AP" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-03-24 .
^
"Station Name: TX DALLAS LOVE FLD" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-03-24 .
^
"El Paso, Texas Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Fresno, California Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Greensboro, North Carolina Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Greenville, South Carolina Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Station Name: TX HOUSTON INTERCONT AP" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-03-24 .
^
"Station Name: FL JACKSONVILLE" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-03-24 .
^
"Weather averages Knoxville, Tennessee" .
^
"Las Vegas, Nevada Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Station Name: CA LOS ANGELES INTL AP" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-03-24 .
^
"Los Angeles, California Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" . Weatherbase. Retrieved 14 October 2020 .
^
"Station Name: TN MEMPHIS INTL AP" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-03-24 .
^
"NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access" .
^
"Station Name: LA NEW ORLEANS INTL AP" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-03-24 .
^
"Station Name: VA NORFOLK INTL AP" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-03-24 .
^
"Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Station Name: FL ORLANDO INTL AP" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-03-24 .
^
"Phoenix, Arizona Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Station Name: NY New York INTL AP" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-03-24 .
^
"Richmond, Virginia Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Riverside, California Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Sacramento, California Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Station Name: TX SAN ANTONIO INTL AP" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-03-24 .
^
"Station Name: CA LINDBERGH FIELD" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-03-24 .
^
"Station Name: CA SAN FRANCISCO DWTN" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-03-24 .
^
"Station Name: CA SAN JOSE" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-03-24 .
^
"Station Name: FL TAMPA INTL AP" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-03-24 .
^
"Tucson, Arizona Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Tulsa, Oklahoma Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Summary of Monthly Normals" . NOAA. Retrieved 3 June 2021 .
^
"Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Rijeka, Croatia Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Simulated historical climate & weather data for Narbonne" .
^
"Capri, Italy Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Climate" .
^
"Government of Jersey" .
^
"Yearly & Monthly weather - Penzance, United Kingdom" .
^
"Melbourne, Victoria Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Hobart, Tasmania Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_091237_All.shtml
^
"Mount Isa, Queensland Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Rockhampton, Queensland Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^ Mackintosh, Lesley (28 February 2007).
"Overview of New Zealand Climate | NIWA" . NIWA . The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research. Retrieved 15 August 2013 .
^
"Wellington, New Zealand Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Blenheim - Train Station, New Zealand Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Hokitika, New Zealand Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Nelson, New Zealand Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Okarito, New Zealand Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Westport, New Zealand Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Waitangi, New Zealand Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Kainantu, Papua New Guinea Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Ahurei, French Polynesia Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .
^
"Adamstown, Pitcairn Islands Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)" .