Akbar Rafsanjani, acted as the de facto commander-in-chief since mid-1980s[1] and was later officially appointed as the deputy commander-in-chief on 2 June 1988[2]
^Forozan, Hesam (2015), The Military in Post-Revolutionary Iran: The Evolution and Roles of the Revolutionary Guards, Routledge, p. 81,
ISBN978-1-317-43074-2
^David Lea (2001), A Political Chronology of the Middle East, Psychology Press, p. 59,
ISBN978-1-85743-115-5
^
abZabir, Sepehr (2011). The Iranian Military in Revolution and War (RLE Iran D) (Reprint. ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 244–246.
ISBN978-0-415-61785-7.