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Jyutping | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 粵拼 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 粤拼 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jyutping | jyut6 ping3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cantonese Yale | Yuhtping | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | Yue (i.e. Cantonese) spelling | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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This article is part of the series on the |
Cantonese language |
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Yue Chinese |
Grammar |
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Phonology |
The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanization Scheme, [note 1] also known as Jyutping, is a romanisation system for Cantonese developed in 1993 by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK).
The name Jyutping (itself the Jyutping romanisation of its Chinese name, 粵拼) is a contraction of the official name, and it consists of the first Chinese characters of the terms jyut6 jyu5 ( 粵語, meaning " Yue language") and ping3 jam1 ( 拼音 "phonetic alphabet", also pronounced as " pinyin" in Mandarin).
Despite being intended as a system to indicate pronunciation, it has also been employed in writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language—in effect, elevating Jyutping from its assistive status to a written language.
Romanization of Chinese |
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Mandarin |
Wu |
Yue |
Min |
Gan |
Hakka |
Xiang |
Polylectal |
See also |
The Jyutping system [1] departs from all previous Cantonese romanisation systems (approximately 12, including Robert Morrison's pioneering work of 1828, and the widely used Standard Romanization, Yale and Sidney Lau systems) by introducing z and c initials and the use of eo and oe in finals, as well as replacing the initial y, used in all previous systems, with j. [2]
In 2018, it was updated to include the -a and -oet finals, to reflect syllables recognized as part of Cantonese phonology in 1997 by the Jyutping Work Group of the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong. [3]
b /p/ 巴 |
p /pʰ/ 怕 |
m /m/ 媽 |
f /f/ 花 |
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d /t/ 打 |
t /tʰ/ 他 |
n /n/ 那 |
l /l/ 啦 | |
g /k/ 家 |
k /kʰ/ 卡 |
ng /ŋ/ 牙 |
h /h/ 蝦 |
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gw /kʷ/ 瓜 |
kw /kʷʰ/ 誇 |
w /w/ 蛙 | ||
z /ts/ 渣 |
c /tsʰ/ 叉 |
s /s/ 沙 |
j /j/ 也 |
aa /aː/ 沙 |
aai /aːi̯/ 徙 |
aau /aːu̯/ 梢 |
aam /aːm/ 三 |
aan /aːn/ 山 |
aang /aːŋ/ 坑 |
aap /aːp̚/ 圾 |
aat /aːt̚/ 剎 |
aak /aːk̚/ 客 |
a /ɐ/ [1] |
ai /ɐi̯/ 西 |
au /ɐu̯/ 收 |
am /ɐm/ 心 |
an /ɐn/ 新 |
ang /ɐŋ/ 笙 |
ap /ɐp̚/ 濕 |
at /ɐt̚/ 失 |
ak /ɐk̚/ 塞 |
e /ɛː/ 些 |
ei /ei̯/ 四 |
eu /ɛːu̯/ 掉 [2] |
em /ɛːm/ 舐 [3] |
eng /ɛːŋ/ 鄭 |
ep /ɛːp̚/ 夾 [4] |
ek /ɛːk̚/ 石 | ||
i /iː/ 詩 |
iu /iːu̯/ 消 |
im /iːm/ 閃 |
in /iːn/ 先 |
ing /ɪŋ/ 星 |
ip /iːp̚/ 攝 |
it /iːt̚/ 洩 |
ik /ɪk/ 識 | |
o /ɔː/ 疏 |
oi /ɔːy̯/ 開 |
ou /ou̯/ 蘇 |
on /ɔːn/ 看 |
ong /ɔːŋ/ 康 |
ot /ɔːt̚/ 喝 |
ok /ɔːk̚/ 索 | ||
u /uː/ 夫 |
ui /uːy̯/ 灰 |
un /uːn/ 寬 |
ung /ʊŋ/ 鬆 |
ut /uːt̚/ 闊 |
uk /ʊk/ 叔 | |||
eoi /ɵy̯/ 需 |
eon /ɵn/ 詢 |
eot /ɵt̚/ 摔 |
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oe /œː/ 鋸 |
oeng /œːŋ/ 商 |
oet /œːt̚/ [5] |
oek /œːk̚/ 削 | |||||
yu /yː/ 書 |
yun /yːn/ 孫 |
yut /yːt̚/ 雪 |
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m /m̩/ 唔 |
ng /ŋ̩/ 吳 |
There are nine tones in six distinct tone contours in Cantonese. However, as three of the nine are entering tones (入聲; jap6 sing1), which only appear in syllables ending with p, t, and k, they do not have separate tone numbers in Jyutping (though they do in Cantonese Pinyin; these are shown in parentheses in the table below). A mnemonic which some use to remember this is 「風水到時我哋必發達」; fung1 seoi2 dou3 si4 ngo5 dei6 bit1 faat3 daat6 or " Feng Shui [dictates that] we will be lucky."
Tone name | jam1 ping4 (陰平) |
jam1 soeng5 (陰上) |
jam1 heoi3 (陰去) |
joeng4 ping4 (陽平) |
joeng4 soeng5 (陽上) |
joeng4 heoi3 (陽去) |
gou1 jam1 jap6 (高陰入) |
dai1 jam1 jap6 (低陰入) |
joeng4 jap6 (陽入) |
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Tone number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 (7) | 3 (8) | 6 (9) |
The tone name in English | high level or high falling | mid rising | mid level | low falling | low rising | low level | entering high level | entering mid level | entering low level |
Contour [4] | ˥ 55 / ˥˧ 53 | ˧˥ 35 | ˧ 33 | ˨˩ 21 / ˩ 11 | ˩˧ 13 | ˨ 22 | ˥ 5 | ˧ 3 | ˨ 2 |
Character example | 分/詩 | 粉/史 | 訓/試 | 焚/時 | 奮/市 | 份/是 | 忽/識 | 發/錫 | 佛/食 |
Example | fan1/si1 | fan2/si2 | fan3/si3 | fan4/si4 | fan5/si5 | fan6/si6 | fat1/sik1 | faat3/sek3 | fat6/sik6 |
Jyutping and the Yale Romanisation of Cantonese represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in:
But they differ in the following:
Jyutping and Cantonese Pinyin represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in:
But they have some differences:
Traditional | Simplified | Romanization |
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廣州話 | 广州话 | gwong2 zau1 waa2 |
粵語 | 粤语 | jyut6 jyu5 |
你好 | 你好 | nei5 hou2 |
Sample transcription of one of the 300 Tang Poems:
春曉 孟浩然 |
ceon1 hiu2 maang6 hou6 jin4 |
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春眠不覺曉, | ceon1 min4 bat1 gok3 hiu2, |
處處聞啼鳥。 | cyu3 cyu3 man4 tai4 niu5. |
夜來風雨聲, | je6 loi4 fung1 jyu5 sing1, |
花落知多少? | faa1 lok6 zi1 do1 siu2? |
The Jyutping method ( Chinese: 粵拼輸入法) refers to a family of input methods based on the Jyutping romanization system.
The Jyutping method allows a user to input Chinese characters by entering the Jyutping romanization of a Chinese character (with or without tone, depending on the system) and then presenting the user with a list of possible characters with that pronunciation.
As of macOS Ventura, Jyutping input with Traditional Chinese now comes standard on macOS under the name "Phonetic – Cantonese".