Standard Vietnamese has six tones, known as ngang, sắc, huyền, hỏi, ngã, and nặng tones.
Thai has five phonemic
tones: mid, low, falling, high and rising, sometimes referred to in older reference works as rectus, gravis, circumflexus, altus and demissus, respectively.[2] The table shows an example of both the
phonemic tones and their
phonetic realization, in the
IPA.
^Nguyễn, Văn Lợi;
Edmondson, Jerold A. (1998), "Tones and voice quality in modern northern Vietnamese: Instrumental case studies", Mon-Khmer Studies, 28: 1–18
^Frankfurter, Oscar. Elements of Siamese grammar with appendices. American Presbyterian mission press, 1900
[1] (Full text available on Google Books)