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Iron nitrides are inorganic chemical compounds of iron and nitrogen.

Chemical properties

Iron has five nitrides observed at ambient conditions, Fe2N, Fe3N4, Fe4N, Fe7N3 and Fe16N2. They are crystalline, metallic solids. Group 7 and group 8 transition metals form nitrides that decompose at relatively low temperatures – iron nitride, Fe2N decomposes with loss of molecular nitrogen at around 400 °C and formation of lower-nitrogen content iron nitrides. They are insoluble in water. At high pressure, stability and formation of new nitrogen-rich nitrides (N/Fe ratio equal or greater to one) were suggested [1] and later discovered. These include the FeN, FeN2 and FeN4 solids which become thermodynamically stable above 17.7 GPa, 72 GPa and 106 GPa, respectively. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]

Health hazards

When heated to decomposition or exposed to humidity, iron nitride may emit toxic fumes of ammonia. It is considered a moderate explosion hazard. Inhalation of iron nitride dust or powder may cause irritation to the respiratory system and possibly acute iron poisoning or pneumoconiosis.

Research applications

Colloidal solution of magnetic iron nitride nanoparticles is a way to create ferrofluids.

Iron nitrides also make the strongest naturally magnetic material. [7] [8] [9]

References

  1. ^ Kartsev, Alexey (2015). Thermodynamic Properties of NiAs-FeN Phase from First Principles. Destech Publicat, Inc. pp. 423–427. arXiv: 1807.09900. ISBN  978-1-60595-112-6.
  2. ^ Laniel, Dominique; Dewaele, Agnès; Anzellini, Simone; Guignot, Nicolas (2018-02-05). "Study of the iron nitride FeN into the megabar regime". Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 733: 53–58. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.10.267. ISSN  0925-8388.
  3. ^ Niwa, Ken; Terabe, Toshiki; Kato, Daiki; Takayama, Shin; Kato, Masahiko; Soda, Kazuo; Hasegawa, Masashi (2017-05-16). "Highly Coordinated Iron and Cobalt Nitrides Synthesized at High Pressures and High Temperatures". Inorganic Chemistry. 56 (11): 6410–6418. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00516. ISSN  0020-1669. PMID  28509545.
  4. ^ Clark, William P.; Steinberg, Simon; Dronskowski, Richard; McCammon, Catherine; Kupenko, Ilya; Bykov, Maxim; Dubrovinsky, Leonid; Akselrud, Lev G.; Schwarz, Ulrich (18 May 2017). "High-Pressure NiAs-Type Modification of FeN". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 56 (25): 7302–7306. doi: 10.1002/ANIE.201702440. ISSN  1433-7851. PMC  5488211. PMID  28517174. Wikidata  Q36374759.
  5. ^ Laniel, Dominique; Dewaele, Agnès; Garbarino, Gaston (2018-03-05). "High Pressure and High Temperature Synthesis of the Iron Pernitride FeN2". Inorganic Chemistry. 57 (11): 6245–6251. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03272. ISSN  0020-1669. PMID  29505253.
  6. ^ Bykov, M.; Bykova, E.; Aprilis, G.; Glazyrin, K.; Koemets, E.; Chuvashova, I.; Kupenko, I.; McCammon, C.; Mezouar, M. (16 July 2018). "Fe-N system at high pressure reveals a compound featuring polymeric nitrogen chains". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 2756. Bibcode: 2018NatCo...9.2756B. doi: 10.1038/S41467-018-05143-2. ISSN  2041-1723. PMC  6048061. PMID  30013071. Wikidata  Q55692060.
  7. ^ "Iron-nitrogen compound forms strongest magnet known".
  8. ^ Aravindh, S. Assa; Nokelainen, Johannes; Barbiellini, Bernardo; Alatalo, Matti; Murali, D.; Bansil, Arun (2022). "Re-examining the giant magnetization density in α′′-Fe16N2 with the SCAN + U method". Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 24 (29): 17879–84. Bibcode: 2022PCCP...2417879D. doi: 10.1039/D2CP01734B. PMID  35851914.
  9. ^ Cui, J.; Kramer, M.; Zhou, L.; Liu, F.; Gabay, A.; Hadjipanayis, G.; Balasubramanian, B.; Sellmyer, D. (2018). "Current progress and future challenges in rare-earth-free permanent magnets". Acta Materialia. 158: 118–137. Bibcode: 2018AcMat.158..118C. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2018.07.049. §9. Iron nitride (ɑ″-Fe16N2)
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