Ibn Kullāb ابن كُلاَّب | |
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Personal | |
Born | Unknown |
Died | 240 A.H. = 854 A.D.
[7] 241 A.H. = 855 A.D. |
Religion | Islam |
Era | Islamic Golden Age |
Region | Abbasid Caliphate |
Denomination | Sunni [1] [2] [3] |
Jurisprudence | Shafi'i [4] |
Creed | Ahl al-Hadith [5] [6] |
Main interest(s) | Aqidah, Kalam ( Islamic theology) |
Notable work(s) | Al-Radd 'ala al-Hashwiyya (meaning the 'crammers,' a term also used for the deviant misguided Anthropomorphists) |
Muslim leader | |
Influenced by
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Ibn Kullab ( Arabic: ابن كُلاَّب) (d. ca. 241/855) was an early Sunni theologian (mutakallim) [1] [2] in Basra and Baghdad in the first half of the 9th century during the time of the Mihna and belonged, according to Ibn al-Nadim, to the traditionalist group of the Nawabit. [Note 1] His movement, also called Kullabiyya, [Note 2] merged and developed into Ash'arism, which, along with Maturidism and Atharism (practically: Hanbalism), [Note 3] forms the theological basis of Sunni Islam. [11]
Ibn Kullab headed a group made up of mainly direct and second generation students of Al-Shafi that included Al-Karibisi, Al-Qalanisi, Al-Muhasibi, Al-Bukhari, Abu Thawr and Dawud-al Zahiri. [12] They were known for their extreme criticism of Jahmis, Mu'tazilis, and Anthropomorphists by using rationalistic methods ( Kalaam) to defend orthodox creedal points of Sunni Islam. [13] They contradicted the Mu'tazili doctrine of Khalq al-Qur'an ( Createdness of the Qur'an) by introducing a distinction between the words of God (Kalam Allah) and its pronunciation. [14]
He was praised by several famous scholars, including Ibn 'Asakir, Taj al-Din al-Subki, Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani, Ibn Khaldun, Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani, Ibn Qadi Shuhba, Jamal al-Din al-Isnawi, Kamal al-Din al-Bayadi in his Isharat al-Maram, Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi in his work Kitab Usul al-Din, al-Shahrastani in al-Milal wa al-Nihal, and al-Kawthari. [15]
Abu Muhammad 'Abdallah ibn Sa'id ibn Kullab al-Qattan al-Basri al-Tamimi. [11]
He belonged to the generation of Ahmad ibn Hanbal and Ishaq ibn Rahwayh. His precise year of birth is unknown, but he lived in the period of the 'Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun.
It has been said that Dawud al-Zahiri, Al Bukhari and al-Harith al-Muhasibi learned kalam from him, according to al-Dhahabi in his Siyar A'lam Al-Nubala'. [16] It has been reported also that al-Junayd al-Baghdadi was one of his students. [17]
He has a number of works that are documented such as:
These books are lost, however remnants of them can be found in other works such as Maqalat al-Islamiyyin of Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari. He was also quoted by the early Ash'ari scholars such as Ibn Furak (d. 406H).
He died in 240 AH, or according to some in 241 AH.
Ibn Kullab was a scholar of Ahl al-Sunnat wa-al-Jamaʿah and established the Kullabiya school.
Wasiti's position on this matter seem to be in keeping with the early Ahl al-Hadith theologian Ibn Kullab (d. ca. 240/855)
Diese sind vielmehr – wie der ašʿaritische Doxograph ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Baġdādī (gest. 429/1037) sie nennt – die frühen Generationen der spekulativen Theologen unter den Traditionalisten (al-mutaqaddimün min mutakallimi ahl al-hadit);" allen voran Ibn Kulläb (gest. 241/855), aber auch Denker wie al-Muhäsibi (gest. 243/857) und al-Qalänisi (bl. in der zweiten Hälfte des 3./9. Jhs.).
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