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This is a list of notable Muslim theologians.
Traditional Theologians and Philosophers
Ash'aris and Maturidis
- Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari
- Abu Mansur al-Maturidi
- Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi
- Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi
- Shahab al-Din Abu Hafs Omar Suhrawardi
- Ibn Hibban
- Ibn Furak
- Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi
- Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini
- Abu al-Walid al-Baji
- Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi
- Al-Bayhaqi
- Al-Baqillani
- Al-Qushayri
- Al-Shahrastani
- Al-Juwayni
- Ahmad al-Rifa'i
- Al-Ghazali
- Al-Baydawi
- Al-Maziri
- Ali Qushji
- Ali al-Qari
- Al-Sharif al-Jurjani
- Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
- Sayf al-Din al-Amidi
- Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
- Taqi al-Din al-Subki
- Taj al-Din al-Subki
- Jalal al-Din al-Dawani
- Zakariyya al-Ansari
- Ibn Aqil
- Ibn al-Jawzi
- Ibn Khaldun
- Ibn Tumart
- Ibn Arafa
- Ibn Ashir
- 'Illish
- Ibn Abi Zayd
- Qadi Ayyad
- Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
- Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi
- Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi
- Sa'd al-Din al-Taftazani
- Najm al-Din al-Qazwini al-Katibi
- Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi
- Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati
- Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi
- Abdel Qadir al-Jilani
- Abd al-Rahman al-Thaalbi
- Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi
- Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi
- Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani
- Al-Sha'rani
- Al-Bahūtī
- Al-Maydani
- Ad-Desouki
- Ahmad Sirhindi
- Ahmad al-Dardir
- Ibrahim al-Bajuri
- Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad
- Shah Waliullah Dehlawi
- Ahmad Rida Khan
- Rahmatullah Kairanawi
- Muhammad Zahid al-Kawthari
- Muhammad Mayyara
- Murtada al-Zabidi
- Muhammad Abu Zahra
- Yusuf al-Nabhani
- Muhammad Metwally al-Sha'rawy
- Ahmed Deedat
- Abdullah al-Harari
- Muhammad Said Ramadan al-Bouti
- Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki
- Noah Qudah
- Ali Gomaa
Mu'tazilis
Others
- Abu Muslim
- Al-Dinawari
- Al-Farabi
- Sayyid Ali Hamadani
- Al-Kindi
- Ibn Hazm
- Ibn Sina
- Ibn Taymiya
- Ibn al-Qayyim
See also early Muslim philosophy, Islamic philosophy
Early Sunni Theologians and Philosophers
- Abu Hanifa
- Al-Shafi‘i
- Malik ibn Anas
- Ahmad ibn Hanbal
- Dawud al-Zahiri
- Tahawi
- Junayd of Baghdad
- Harith al-Muhasibi
Imams of Hadith
Medieval Theologians and Philosophers
- Al-Biruni
- Al-Battani (Albatenius)
- Al-Buzjani
- Al-Farabi (Alpharabius)
- Al-Farghani
- Al-Ghazali (Algazel)
- Al-Idrisi
- Al-Zarnuji
- Al-Khwarizmi (Algoritmi)
- Al-Kindi (Alkindus)
- Al-Masu'di
- Al-Mawardi
- Ibn al-Baitar
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen)
- Ibn al-Nafis
- Ibn Khaldun
- Ibn Rushd (Averroes)
- Ibn Sina (Avicenna)
- Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi
- Kemalpaşazade
- Molla Fenari
- Omar Khayyám
- Sayyid Ali Hamadani (Preacher and traveller)
Modern theologians
- Sa'id Foudah
- A F M Khalid Hossain
- Abdul Baqi Miftah
- Abdolkarim Soroush
- Abdur Rahman Bangladeshi
- Abdul Halim Bukhari
- Abdul Matin Chowdhury
- Abdul Qadeer Khan
- Ahmed Rida Khan
- Allama Khalid Mahmood
- Ashraf Ali Thanwi
- Akhtar Raza Khan
- Ali Shariati
- Alija Izetbegović
- Anwar Shah Kashmiri
- Bilal Philips
- Ebrahim Desai
- Fazlur Rahman
- Hussain Ahmed Madani
- Idries Shah
- Inayat Khan
- Ismail Al-Faruqi
- Israr Ahmed
- Junaid Babunagari
- Khaled Abou Al-Fadl
- Leila Ahmed
- Mahmudul Hasan
- Mamunul Haque
- Mahmud Hasan Deobandi
- Mawlana Muhammad Ilyas
- Muhammad Abdul Wahhab
- Mohammed Amine Smaili
- Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib
- Muhammad Ilyas al-Kandhlawi
- Muhammad Rafi Usmani
- Muhammad Shafi Deobandi
- Muhammad Taqi Usmani
- Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi
- Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri
- Muzaffer Ozak
- Nurul Islam Olipuri
- Nasiruddin Albani
- Nur Hossain Kasemi
- Nur Uddin Gohorpuri
- Shah Ahmad Shafi
- Shabbir Ahmad Usmani
- Said Nursi
- Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi
- Shams-ul-haq Azeemabadi
- Sherman Jackson
- Seyyed Hossein Nasr
- Siraj Wahaj
- Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas
- Syed Nazeer Husain
- Tariq Jameel
- Yusuf Motala
- Ziauddin Sardar
See also modern Islamic philosophy, Islamization of knowledge
Shi'a Imams
Athnā‘ashariyyah- The Twelve Imams
- Ali ibn Abi Talib
- Hasan ibn Ali
- Husayn ibn Ali
- Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin
- Muhammad al-Baqir
- Jafar Sadiq
- Musa al-Kazim
- Ali al-Rida (Ali Raza)
- Muhammad al-Taqi
- Ali al-Hadi (Ali Naqi)
- Hasan al-Askari
- Muhammad al-Mahdi
Zaidiyyah Imams
Isma'ili Imams
- Ali ibn Abu Talib ( Nizari Isma'ili and Qarmatian- Sevener only; Asās/Wāsīh in Musta'li Isma'ili)
- Hasan ibn Ali ( Qarmatian- Sevener and Musta'li Isma'ili only; Pir in Nizari)
- Husayn ibn Ali
- Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin
- Muhammad al-Baqir
- Jafar Sadiq
- Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar
- Maymūn Al-Qaddāḥ ( Musta'li and Nizari Isma'ili only)
Others
- Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid
- Sharif al-Murtaza
- Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
- Al-Hilli
- Zurarah ibn A'yan
- Hisham ibn Hakam
- Agha Zia Addin Araghi
- Ja'far Sobhani
Historiographers, political scientists, and sociologists
- Al-Masudi
- Ibn al-Tiqtaqa
- Ibn Hisham
- Ibn Ishaq
- Ibn Kathir
- Ibn Khaldoun
- Ibn Khallikan
- Mahdi ElMandjra
- Rashid-al-Din Hamadani
- Sayyid Qutb
- Tabari
- Usamah ibn Munqidh