Haplogroup A-P305 also known as A1 is a
human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Like its parent haplogroup
haplogroup A0-T (A-L1085), A1 includes the vast majority of living human males. It emerged in
Africa approximately 161,300 years ago. [1] By comparison, members of its sole sibling
subclade,
haplogroup A0 – the only other primary subclade of haplogroup A0-T – are found mostly in Africa.
Basal, undivergent A-P305* is largely restricted to populations native to
Africa, though a handful of cases have been reported in
Europe and
Western Asia. A-P305* is found at its highest rates in
Bakola Pygmies (South
Cameroon) at 8.3% and
Berbers from
Tunisia at 1.5%[2] and in
Ghana.[3] The clade also achieves high frequencies in the
Bushmenhunter-gatherer populations of
Southern Africa, followed closely by many
Nilotic groups in
Eastern Africa. However, haplogroup A's oldest sub-clades are exclusively found in
Central-
Northwest Africa, where it, and consequently Y-chromosomal Adam, is believed to have originated about 140,000 years ago.[2] The clade has also been observed at notable frequencies in certain populations in
Ethiopia, as well as some
Pygmy groups in Central Africa.
^Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation. 35 (2): 187–91.
doi:
10.1002/humu.22468.
PMID24166809.
S2CID23291764.
^ Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.
^ Haplogroup K2e (K-M147) was previously known as "Haplogroup X" and "K2a" (but is a sibling subclade of the present K2a).
^K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik op. cit.;
YFull YTree v5.08, 2017, "K-M2335", and;
PhyloTree, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" (Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)
^ Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.