Genitoplasty is
plastic surgery to the genitals. Genitoplasties may be reconstructive to repair injuries, and damage arising from
cancer treatment, or congenital disorders, endocrine conditions, or they may be cosmetic.[1]
Genital reconstruction surgery can correct
prolapse of the
urinary bladder into the vagina and protrusion of the rectum into the vagina.[2] Female infants born with a
46,XX genotype but have genitalia affected by
congenital adrenal hyperplasia may undergo the surgical creation of a vagina.[citation needed] Vaginoplasty is commonly used to treat women with the congenital absence of the vagina.[3] Other reasons for the surgery are to treat adrenal hyperplasia, microphallus, Mayer-Rokitansky-Kustner disorder and for women who have had a vaginectomy after malignancy or trauma. Reconstructive and corrective vaginal surgery restores or creates the vagina.[11]
^
abBaggish, Michael (2016). Atlas of pelvic anatomy and gynecologic surgery. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier.
ISBN9780323225526.
^
abGundeti, Mohan (2012). Pediatric Robotic and Reconstructive Urology a Comprehensive Guide. City: Wiley-Blackwell.
ISBN9781444335538; Access provided by the
University of Pittsburgh{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (
link)
^Horbach, Sophie E.R.; Bouman, Mark-Bram; Smit, Jan Maerten; Özer, Müjde; Buncamper, Marlon E.; Mullender, Margriet G. (2015). "Outcome of Vaginoplasty in Male-to-Female Transgenders: A Systematic Review of Surgical Techniques". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 12 (6): 1499–1512.
doi:
10.1111/jsm.12868.
ISSN1743-6095.
PMID25817066.