Ayn-al-Qużat in
Arabic means "the pearl of the judges": Ayn means the eye, implying something very valuable, and Qozat is the plural of Qadi, which means judge.
Life
Ayn al-Quzat was born in
Hamedan and his ancestors were of Hamedan
judges. His full name is Abu’l-maʿālī ʿabdallāh Bin Abībakr Mohammad Mayānejī (
Persian: ابو المعالی عبدالله بن ابی بکر محمد میانجی). He was a disciple of
Ahmad Ghazali and devoted of
Hallaj. He became a famous scholar at early age, and by the time he was thirty he was chosen to be a judge. Along with Abu Hamed
Al-Ghazali, he is one of the founders of doctrinal
Sufism. According to some accounts, he was briefly a pupil of
Omar Khayyam. Upon his return from pilgrimage, Khayyam likely stayed in Hamadan for some time. It is possible that during his stay he became tutor to the young Ain al-Quzat.[6]: 351 However, Aminrazavi (2007) believes that from the figures who may have studied with Khayyam Ain al-Quzat is the least likely and that arguing their association is wishful thinking by those who like to view Khayyam as a Sufi.[6]: 23 Unlike most of the Sufis who have lived as respected and revered members of their communities, he fell afoul of the
Seljuk rulers and was accused of heresy and executed, either by crucifixion or burning.[7]: 70
The most significant works of Ayn al-Qożāt are Tamhīdāt (تمهیدات; Preludes) and Zubdat al-ḥaqāʾiq fī kašf al-ḵalāʾeq (زبدة الحقائق في کشف الخلائق; The Essence of Truth). Both books are masterpieces of
Sufi literature and have mystical and philosophical significance.[8]
Ayn al-Qożāt Hamadānī quoted a few verses apparently in his own
Iranian dialect (where it is called fahlavī; bayt-e pahlavī in a manuscript variant).[9]
Poetry
A famous quatrain is said to be his:
ما مرگ و شهادت از خدا خواسته ايم
وآن هم به سه چيز کم بها خواسته ايم
گر دوست چنين کند که ما خواسته ايم
مـا آتـش و نفـت و بـوريا خــواسـته ايم
I want death and martyrdom from God
I want it in three low-priced things
If the friend (i.e. God) grant my wishes
I want fire and oil and straw
This quatrain refers to his execution by Caliph's order.
^Hamid Dabashi, "Theology of discontent", Published by Transaction Publishers, 2006. pg 104: "..Ayn al-Qudat Hamadani, a twelfth century Persian mystic"
^Nadia Eboo Jamal, "Surviving the Mongols", I B Tauris & Co Ltd (May 23, 2003). pg 91: "At the same time, there was an opposite, more diffused, movement of some Ismaili ideas entering into Persian Sufism, as is evident, for instance, in the work of the mystical philosopher 'Ayn al-Qudat Hamadani, who was executed in 525/1131 by the Saljuqs
^Hellmut Ritter, John O'Kane, Bernd Radtke, "The ocean of the soul", Brill Academic Publishers (June 2003). excerpt from page 719: "'Ayn al-Qudat al-Hamadhani (Abu'l Ma'aali 'Abda Allah b. Muhammad Mayanji, Persian mystic, executed in Hamadan
Boylston, Nicholas (2021). "Islam from the Inside Out: ʿAyn al-Quḍāt Hamadānī's Reconception of Islam as Vector". Journal of Islamic Studies. 32 (2): 161–202.
doi:
10.1093/jis/etab015.
Contemporary Persian and Classical Persian are the same language, but writers since 1900 are classified as contemporary. At one time, Persian was a common cultural language of much of the non-Arabic Islamic world. Today it is the official language of
Iran,
Tajikistan and one of the two official languages of
Afghanistan.