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Hopewell Interaction Area and local expressions of the Hopewell tradition
This is a timeline of in
North American prehistory , from 1000 BC until
European contact .
Timeline
1000 BC–800 AD: The
Norton tradition develops in the Western Arctic along the
Alaskan shore of the
Bering Strait
1000 BC:
Athapaskan -speaking natives arrive in Alaska and northwestern North America, possibly from
Siberia .
1000 BC: Pottery making widespread in the
Eastern Woodlands .
1000 BC–100 AD:
Adena culture takes form in the
Ohio River valley, carving fine stone
pipes placed with their dead in gigantic burial mounds.
[1] See
Prehistory of Ohio .
500–1 BC:
Basketmaker phase of early
Ancestral Pueblo culture begins in the American Southwest.
500 BC–AD 1000:
Plains Woodland period on the
Great Plains
[2]
300 BC:
Mogollon people, possibly descended from the
Cochise tradition , appear in southeast Arizona and southwest New Mexico.
200 BC–500 AD: The
Hopewell tradition begins flourishing in much of the East, with
copper mining centered in the Great Lakes region.
[1]
1 BC: Some central and eastern prairie peoples learned to raise crops and shape
pottery from the
mound builders to their east.
500 BC–700 AD:
Old Bering Sea culture thrives in the western
Arctic
50 BC–800 AD:
Ipiutak culture thrives in the western
Arctic .
[1]
1 AD: Some central and eastern prairie peoples learned to raise crops and shape
pottery from the
mound builders to their east.
100–1000:
Weeden Island culture flourishes in coastal
Florida . They are known for their extraordinarily well-preserved wood carvings.
200: The
Adena culture of the
Ohio River valley evolves into the
Hopewellian exchange .
200–800:
Late Eastern Woodlands cultures flourish in the Eastern North America.
[1]
200–1450:
Hohokam cultures flourish in
Arizona and north
Mexico
[1]
400: Cultivation of
maize (corn) begins in the American Southeastern Woodlands and soon reaches the Northeastern Woodlands. Originally domesticated in
Mesoamerica , maize transforms the
Eastern Agricultural Complex .
400:
Ancestral Pueblo peoples of the American Southwest weave extraordinarily long nets for trapping small animals and make
yucca fibers into large sacks and bags.
500:
Late Basketmaker II Era phase of
Ancestral Pueblo culture diminishes in the American Southwest.
700:
Basketmaker III Era of the American Southwest evolve into the early
Pueblo culture.
755±65 – 890±65: likely dates of the
Blythe Geoglyphs being sculpted by ancestral
Quechan and
Mojave peoples in the
Colorado Desert ,
California
[3]
700–800:
Ancestral Pueblo people of the American Southwest or
Oasisamerica transition from
pit houses to multi-story
adobe and stone apartments called
pueblos .
800–1500:
Mississippian culture spawns powerful chiefdoms of great agricultural
Moundbuilders throughout the
Eastern woodlands .
875:
Patayan people begin farming along the
Colorado River valley in western Arizona and eastern California.
900: Earliest event recorded in the Battiste Good (1821–22,
Sicangu Lakota )
Winter count
[4]
900:
Ancestral Pueblo culture dominates much of the American Southwest.
900: American Southwestern tribes trade with
Indigenous peoples of Mexico to obtain copper bells cast through the
lost-wax technique .
915 (exact date): Construction begins at
Pueblo Bonito , the largest Ancestral Pueblo Great House.
1000: Discovery of
Vinland by
Leif Ericson and
Norse colonization of North America .
1000–1200:
Acoma Pueblo and
Old Oraibi are established, become the
oldest continuously inhabited communities in the United States
[5]
[6]
[7]
1000–1750:
Fort Ancient culture, a non-
Mississippian culture emerges in modern-day southern
Ohio , northern
Kentucky , southeastern
Indiana , and western
West Virginia .
1000–1780:
Plains Village period on Great Plains, from
North Dakota to
Texas
[2]
1070:
Great Serpent Mound built in Ohio.
[8]
1100:
Pueblo Bonito in
Chaco Canyon reaches apex in size at 800 rooms
[9]
1100:
Hohokam culture reaches apex in present-day
Arizona
[9]
Scandinavians briefly settled
Vinland (likely
l'Anse aux Meadows on the Canadian Maritime island of
Newfoundland ) early in the century and perhaps ventured as far south as New England.
The
Thule people began absorbing the old
Dorset culture in Arctic Alaska.
900–1150:
Pueblo II Era in the American Southwest
[10]
1000–1200:
Early Mississippian culture in the Eastern Woodlands
[11]
1000–1200:
Acoma Pueblo and
Old Oraibi are established, and become the
oldest continuously inhabited communities in the United States
[5]
[6]
[7]
1142:
League of the Iroquois is founded, and the
Great Law of Peace is adopted by the
Mohawk ,
Seneca ,
Cayuga ,
Onondaga , and
Oneida people .
[12]
Wampum invented by
Ayenwatha , which the
Haudenosaunee used to record information.
[13]
1150–1350:
Pueblo III Era in the American Southwest
[14]
The Inuit
Thule people largely displaced the old
Dorset culture in Arctic Alaska.
[15]
[16]
The most important city of the
Mississippian culture of
mound builders ,
Cahokia on the
Mississippi River opposite modern
Saint Louis, Missouri , reached its zenith. It was the largest city in North America in the 12th century.
[17]
1150–1350:
Ancestral Pueblo people are in their
Pueblo III Era
1200: Construction begins on the
Grand Village of the Natchez near
Natchez, Mississippi . This ceremonial center for the
Natchez people is occupied and built upon until the early 17th century.
[18]
1200–1400:
Middle Mississippian culture flourishes in the
Eastern Woodlands
1250:
Pensacola culture emerges in
Florida
1250:
Cliff Palace ,
Mesa Verde , and other
Ancestral Pueblo architectural complexes reach their apex
[19]
The Inuit
Thule people have completely displaced the old
Dorset culture in Arctic Alaska.
Pueblo people in the American Southwest evacuate most above-ground pueblos to build spectacular
cliff dwellings housing hundreds of people.
The dominant
Ancestral Pueblo begin gradually absorbing the
Mongollon culture in the American Southwest.
Athapaskan -speaking people begin migrating from the prairies of Alberta and Montana toward the
American Southwest .
The
Four Corners area of the American Southwest suffered severe droughts late in the century, causing many Pueblos to abandon their cliff dwellings for irrigable settlements along the
Rio Grande in southern New Mexico.
1300:
Cliff Palace is abandoned.
[20]
[21]
1200–1400:
Middle Mississippian culture in the Eastern Woodlands
1315–1317: The
Little Ice Age brought a period of severe decline to medieval Europe, causing the
Great Famine .
The 14th century in America probably also brought decline of the
Mississippian culture , especially in the northern states.
Dendroclimatology suggests that severe droughts ravaged the American Southwest and especially the Southern Plains early in the period, leading to a rapid cultural decline.
Athapaskan -speaking people continue to migrate southward from the Canadian prairies toward the
American Southwest .
c.1400-1500
Athapaskan -speaking
Apache and
Navajo reach the
American Southwest
[22] after migrating over three centuries from the western Canadian prairies.[
citation needed ]
Mississippian culture (
Pensacola culture ,
Plaquemine culture ,
Lake George Phase ,
Fort Walton culture )
Late Woodland Southeast (
Alachua culture ,
Suwannee Valley culture )
Safety Harbor culture
1492:
Christopher Columbus sails in search of a new route to India and lands in the
Caribbean , leading to the first European contact in the Americas since the
Norse colonization of North America 500 years earlier.
1497: Italian navigator
John Cabot sails from England to Newfoundland.
See also
Notes
^
a
b
c
d
e
"North America, 1000 b.c.–1 a.d." Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. (retrieved 19 June 2011)
^
a
b Barry Gwin Williams, "Cultural Resources Overview: Lake Andes National Wildlife Refuge – Southeast South Dakota," US Fish and Wildlife Service: Region 6 – Cultural Resource Program (Jan. 2012), DOC.
^ Malki Museum. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology . 1994. Volume 16, Issue 1: 63
^ Greene, Candace S. and Russel Thornton, ed. The Year the Stars Fell: Lakota Winter Counts at the Smithsonian. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2007.
ISBN
0-8032-2211-4 , p. 42
^
a
b
"Lucy M. Lewis Dies; Self-Taught Potter, 93" . The New York Times . 26 March 1992.
^
a
b
Ancient Citadel .
Smithsonian Magazine . April 2008.
^
a
b Casey, Robert L. Journey to the High Southwest. Guilford, Connecticut: Globe Pequot Press, 2007: 382.
ISBN
978-0-7627-4064-2 .
^ Saraceni, Jessica E.
Redating the Serpent Mound. Archaeology. Vol. 49, No. 6 Nov/Dec 1996 (retrieved 26 Oct 2009)
^
a
b Berlo and Phillips, 274
^ Speakman, Robert J.; Neff, Hector (2005).
Laser Ablation ICP-MS in Archaeological Research . UNM Press. p. 170.
ISBN
978-0826332547 .
^ Professor, Dean R. Snow (2015).
Archaeology of Native North America . Routledge. p. 201.
ISBN
9781-317350064 .
^ Johansen, Bruce E.
Dating the Iroquois Confederacy. Akwesasne Notes. Fall 1995, Volume 1, 3 & 4, pp. 62–63. (retrieved through Ratical.com, 26 Oct 2009)
^
Gawyehnehshehgowa: Great Law of Peace.
Archived February 9, 2009, at the
Wayback Machine Degiya'göh Resources. (retrieved 14 March 2009)
^ Adler, Michael A. (2000).
The Prehistoric Pueblo World, A.D. 1150–1350 . University of Arizona Press.
ISBN
978-0816520480 .
^
"Thule culture – prehistoric culture" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 4 March 2018 .
^
"Dorset culture – archaeology" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 4 March 2018 .
^
"New Evidence May Solve Mystery of America's Huge Ancient City" . National Geographic . 19 May 2015. Archived from
the original on May 19, 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2018 .
^ Francine Weiss and Mark R. Barnes (May 3, 1989).
"National Register of Historic Places Registration: Grand Village of the Natchez Site / Fatherland Plantation Site (22-Ad-501)" (pdf) . National Park Service. and
Accompanying 3 photos, from 1989. (680 KB)
^ Berlo and Phillips, 275
^ Turney, Chris (2008). Ice, Mud & Blood: Lessons of Climates Past.
^
People , NPS.gov, Accessed November 11, 2010
^
"Timeline of the Galisteo Basin" (PDF) . galisteowatershed.org . Galisteo Watershed Partnership. Archived from
the original (PDF) on 2011-07-26.
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