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Overview of the events of 1913 in film
Overview of the events of 1913 in film
1913 was a particularly fruitful year for film as an art form, and is often cited one of the years in the decade which contributed to the medium the most, along with
1917 .
The year was one where filmmakers of several countries made great artistic advancements, producing notable pioneering masterpieces such as The Student of Prague (Stellan Rye), Suspense (Phillips Smalley and Lois Weber), Atlantis (August Blom), Raja Harischandra (D. G. Phalke), Juve contre Fantomas (Louis Feuillade), Quo Vadis? (Enrico Guazzoni), Ingeborg Holm (Victor Sjöström), The Mothering Heart (D. W. Griffith), Ma l’amor mio non muore! (Mario Caserini), L’enfant de Paris (Léonce Perret) and Twilight of a Woman's Soul (Yevgenii Bauer).
Events
Top-grossing films (U.S.)
Films released in 1913
Addio giovinezza!
The Adventures of Kathlyn , (
serial ), starring
Kathlyn Williams
The Adventures of Three Nights (Eiko Films)
[5]
After Death (Italy/ Kleine & Cines) aka Dopo la Morte
[6]
After the Welsh Rarebit , produced by Edison Films, directed by C. J. Williams, starring William Wadsworth and Ida Williams.
[7]
The Airman's Enemy (French/ Film de Paris)
[8]
The Alchemist (British/ Kimenatograph) produced by Charles Urban, shot in color
[9]
Almost an Actress (Universal) directed by Allan Curtis, starring Lon Chaney (playing a cameraman)
[10]
American Born
Antony and Cleopatra , directed by
Enrico Guazzoni
Arizona
Article 47, L'
At Midnight
Atlantis (Danish-German co-production/ Nordisk) produced by
Ole Olsen , directed by
August Blom , written by
Gerhardt Hauptmann , starring Olaf Fons, Ida Orloff and Ebba Thomsen;
Michael Curtiz was assistant director; the first Danish full-length feature film.
[11]
Babes in the Woods (French/ Pathe Freres) based on the fairy tale
[12]
Back to Life (Universal) directed by Allan Dwan, starring Lon Chaney and Pauline Bush
[13]
Balaoo the Demon Baboon aka Balaoo (French/Eclair), directed by Victorin-Hyppolite Jasset, starring Lucien Bataille and Camille Bardou, based on the novel by
Gaston Leroux ; this film was remade as
The Wizard (1927 film) and again as
Dr. Renault's Secret (1942).
[14]
The Bangville Police , starring
Mabel Normand and
The Keystone Cops
Barney Oldfield's Race for a Life , starring
Mabel Normand ,
Mack Sennett ,
Ford Sterling ,
The Keystone Cops , and American race car driver
Barney Oldfield .
The Bartered Bride
The Battle at Elderbush Gulch , directed by
D. W. Griffith , starring
Mae Marsh and
Lillian Gish
The Battle of Gettysburg
Beautiful Bismark
Beauty and the Beast (Universal) directed by H. C. Matthews, based on the
Brothers Grimm fairy tale.
[15]
The Bells , directed by
Oscar Apfel , starring Edward P. Sullivan and Sue Balfour, based on the play The Polish Jew by
Erckmann-Chatrian which was later adapted to English by
Leopold Lewis retitled The Bells .
[16]
The Bells , directed by
George Lessey , produced by
Thomas Edison , starring May Abbey and Robert Brower; based on the Edgar Allan Poe poem of the same name
[17]
The Bewitched Matches (French/ Eclair) directed by
Emile Cohl
[18]
The Black Opal , (Ramo Films) based on the novel The Moonstone by
Wilkie Collins
[19]
Bloodhounds of the North (Universal) directed by Allan Dwan, starring Lon Chaney and Pauline Bush
[20]
The Blood Red Tape of Charity (Universal) directed by Edwin August, starring
Lon Chaney
[21]
Brand of Evil (Essanay Films) directed by Harry McRae Webster, written by
Edward T. Lowe , starring Thomas Commerford and Ruth Stonehouse, based on the novel The Moonstone by
Wilkie Collins
[22]
Breaking into the Big League
The Caged Bird
Calamity Anne's Beauty
Calamity Anne's Dream
Calamity Anne's Inheritance
Calamity Anne's Vanity
Calamity Anne, Heroine
Caprice
The Cave Dwellers' Romance (Bison Films)
[23]
The Clown Hero (Imp/ Universal) written by Richard Goodall
[24]
The Cub Reporter's Temptation
Dante's Purgatorio (Cinema Prods.)
[25]
David Copperfield
David Garrick
The Dead Man Who Killed (French/ Apex Films)
[26]
The Dead Secret (Monopol Films) directed by Stanner E. V. Taylor, starring Marion Leonard, based on the 1857 short story of the same name by
Wilkie Collins
[27]
The Death Stone of India (Bison) directed by
Milton J. Fahrney , starring
William Clifford , Belle Bennett and Paul Machette, based on the 1868
Wilkie Collins novel The Moonstone .
[28]
Death's Marathon , directed by
D. W. Griffith , starring
Blanche Sweet and
Lionel Barrymore
A Desperate Chance
The Devil and Tom Walker (Selig) directed by Hardee Kirkland, written by Edward McWade, starring Harry Lonsdale and William Stowell (as Satan); based on the story by
Washington Irving .
[29]
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (Imp/ Universal) produced by
Carl Laemmle , written and directed by
Herbert Brenon , starring
King Baggott , Matt Snyder and Jane Gail.
[30]
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (British/ Kineto-Kimemacolor) produced by
Charles Urban , filmed in color; this film was very sparsely distributed; one of the earliest horror films ever made in Great Britain.
[31]
Dr. Trimball's Verdict (British/ Hepworth Films) directed by Frank Wilson, produced by
Cecil M. Hepworth , starring Alec Worcester
[32]
Don Juan's Compact (Milano Films)
[33]
The Egyptian Mummy (Kalem Films) horror-comedy starring
Ruth Roland
[34]
Eighty Million Women Want -?
An Elephant on his Hands (Nestor/ Universal) short comedy directed by Al Christie, starring Lon Chaney.
[35]
L'Enfant de Paris
Evidence of the Film
The Evil Power (Rex Films) directed by
Otis Turner , starring Margarita Fischer
[36]
Eyes of Satan (Solax Films)
[37]
The Face at the Window
Fantômas , a film serial (with parts four and five actually released in 1914):
À l'ombre de la guillotine
Juve contre Fantômas
Le Mort qui tue
Faust and the Lily (Biograph) a satirical take on Goethe's "Faust"
[38]
Feathertop (British/ Kinemacolor) produced by
Charles Urban , filmed in Color; based on the novel by
Nathaniel Hawthorne (remade in 1916)
[39]
The Fire Coward
The Flirt and the Bandit
For Her Boy's Sake
For the Crown
For the Flag
For the Peace of Bear Valley
The Foreman's Treachery (Edison Prods.) directed by
Charles Brabin , starring Miriam Nesbitt and Marc MacDermott
[40]
A Forest Romance
From the Beyond (French/ U.S. co-production, Eclair Films/ American Standard) directed by
Oscar A. C. Lund , starring
Alec B. Francis and Barbara Tennant
[41]
Funnicus and the Ghost (Eclair Films)
[42]
The Game Warden
The Ghost (Victor Films) directed by (and starring) James Kirkwood
[43]
The Ghost of Seaview Manor (Dragon Prods.)
[44]
The Ghost of the Hacienda , a horror-western hybrid directed by Thomas Ricketts, starring Edward Coxen and Jean Durrell
[45]
The Ghost of the White Lady , aka The White Ghost (Denmark/ Great Northern & Nordisk) starring Rita Sacchetto
[46]
The Ghosts: or, Who's Afraid? (Vitagraph) directed by
William J. Bauman , starring Myrtle Gonzalez and
George Cooper
[47]
The Girl and the Greaser
The Grasshopper and the Ant
The Greater Love
The Great Ganton Mystery (Rex Films)
[48]
The Great Physician (Edison Prods.) directed by Richard Ridgely, starring Charles Ogle
[49]
The Green Eye of the Yellow God (Edison Prods.) directed by Richard Ridgely, starring
Charles Ogle , based on the 1911 poem by
J. Milton Hayes
[50]
The Gusher , directed by
Mack Sennett , starring
Mabel Normand ,
Ford Sterling ,
Charles Inslee , and
The Keystone Cops
Hamlet
The Haunted Bedroom (Edison) starring
Harry Beaumont , Jack Strong and Mabel Trunelle
[51]
[52]
The Haunted Chamber (Anderson Films) thought to be based on the 1873 poem by
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
[53]
The Haunted Cottage , aka Le cottage hantee (French/ Pathe) written and directed by
Segundo de Chomon
[54]
The Haunted House , directed by Lorimer Johnston, starring Vivian Rich and Jack Richardson
[55]
The Haunted House (Kalem Films) thought to be directed by
Edmund Lawrence , starring Edgar L. Davenport, Adelaide Lawrence and Olive Temple
[56]
The Haunted House (Patheplay) starring Charles E. Bunnell,
Crane Wilbur and Julia Walcott
[57]
The Heart of a Fool
Her Big Story
Her Gallant Knights
Hinemoa
His Neighbor's Wife
His Wife's Child
The House in the Tree
The House of Darkness , directed by
D. W. Griffith , starring
Lillian Gish and
Lionel Barrymore
The Idol of Bonanza Camp
In the Bishop's Carriage
In the Firelight
In the Grip of a Charlatan (Kalem Film) starring Alice Joyce and Tom Moore
[58]
In the Grip of the Vampire (French/ Gaumont) directed by Leonce Perret; does not feature a supernatural vampire
[59]
In the Long Ago (Selig Polyscope) directed by Colin Campbell, starring Wheeler Oakman and Tom Santschi
[60]
In the Mountains of Virginia
In the Power of a Hypnotist (Warner) directed by Sidney Olcott and T. Hayes Hunter, starring Sydney Olcott and Gene Gauntier
[61]
In the Toils of the Devil (Italy/ Milano Film) story was based on Faust
[62]
The Influence of a Child
Ingeborg Holm , once described as the first "realistic" feature film
The Island of Bliss (German/ Brandon Films) directed by Arthur Kahane; based on a
Max Reinhardt play
[63]
The Island of Terror (French/ Eclipse) directed by Joe Hamman (who also starred in it); an unauthorized film version of the 1896
H. G. Wells novel The Island of Dr. Moreau , made without Wells' permission.
[64]
Isle of the Dead (Denmark/ Gluckstadt Films) directed by Wilhelm Gluckstadt
[65]
It Is Never Too Late to Mend (Thomas Edison) directed by
Charles M. Seay , starring Walter Edwin,
Mary Fuller , Wyatt Burns and
Charles Ogle , based on the 1856
Charles Reade novel of the same name
[66]
Ivanhoe
Justice of the Wild
A Lady of Quality
The Lady Killer
The Last Days of Pompeii , directed by
Mario Caserini and
Eleuterio Rodolfi (One of the early blockbusters in cinema. One of the earliest feature films.)
Love From Out of the Grave (French/ Film d'Art) a lost film.
[67]
Mabel's Awful Mistakes , starring
Mabel Normand and
Mack Sennett
Mabel's Dramatic Career , starring
Mack Sennett ,
Ford Sterling , and
The Keystone Cops ; contains early usage of film-within-a-film
Mabel's New Hero , directed by
Mack Sennett , starring
Mabel Normand ,
Fatty Arbuckle , and
The Keystone Cops
The Magic Skin (Victor Films) starring J. Warren Kerrigan, based on the story The Wild Ass's Skin by
Balzac .
[68]
The Man in the White Cloak (Denmark/ Nordisk)
[69]
The Man of the Wax Figures (French), directed by
Maurice Tourneur , aka L'Homme aux Figures de Cire
[70]
Maria Marten: or, The Murder in the Red Barn (British/ Motograph Films) written and directed by
Maurice Elvey , starring Elizabeth Risdon, Nessie Blackford and Fred Groves; script incorporated ideas from several different stage play versions of the story; remade in 1928 and again in 1935.
[71]
The Medium's Nemesis (Thanhauser Films) starring Mrs. Lawrence Marston, Sidney Bracey and Marie Eline
[72]
The Mirror
A Mix-Up in Pedigrees
Moondyne
The Mothering Heart , directed by
D. W. Griffith , starring
Lillian Gish
Mrs. Carter's Campaign
The Mysterious Stranger (Essanay Films) starring
Bryant Washburn and E. H. Calvert.
[73]
Mystery of the Haunted Hotel (Thanhouser)
[74]
The Mystic Moonstone (British/ Lion's Head Films) directed by David Aylott
[75]
The New Conductor
The Newsboy's Christmas Dream (British/ C&M Films)
[76]
The Night Before Christmas
Notre Dame (Patheplay), based on the novel Notre Dame de Paris by
Victor Hugo
[77]
Nursery Favorites
The Oath of Pierre
The Occult , directed by
Allan Dwan , starring
Sydney Ayres , Jacques Jaccard and Violet Knights.
[78]
The Other (Der Andere) aka Der Andere (German/ Vitascope), written and directed by Max Mack, starring
Albert Basserman , Hanni Weisse and Emmerich Hanus; based on a stage play by Paul Lindau which in turn was inspired by the novel Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
[79]
The Oath of Tsuru San
Our Wives
Owana, the Devil Woman (Nestor Films) produced by David Horseley
[80]
Personal Magnetism
The Phantom Signal (Thomas Edison Prods.) directed by
George Lessey , starring Charles Ogle, Mary Abbey and Bessie Learn.
[81]
The Picture of Dorian Gray (1913 film) , written by
Lois Weber , directed by
Phillips Smalley ; starring Wallace Reid and Lois Weber; based on the famous novel by
Oscar Wilde .
[82]
The Pied Piper of Hamlin (Edison Prods.) directed by George Lessey, starring Herbert Prior and Robert Brower.
[83]
The Pit and the Pendulum , aka Rivals (Solax Films) directed by Alice Guy-Blache, starring Darwin Karr; based on the short story by
Edgar Allan Poe .
[84]
Poisoned Waters (Nestor Films/ Universal) directed by Milton J. Fahrney, produced by
David Horsley , starring Valleria Alison and Louis Fitzroy
[85]
Poor Jake's Demise (Imp/ Universal) directed by Allen Curtis, starring
Lon Chaney (his first credited film appearance).
[86]
The Proof of the Man
The Pursuit of the Smugglers
The Queen of Spades (Italy/ Cines, Aquila) directed by Baldassare Negroni, starring Leda Gys, Hesperia and Ignazio Lupi; based on the story by Alexander Pushkin and its 1890 opera adaptation by Tchaikovsky.
[87]
The Queen of Spades (Fidelity Films) based on the story by Alexander Pushkin; a lost film.
[88]
Quicksands
Quo Vadis? , directed by
Enrico Guazzoni (One of the earliest feature films.)
Raja Harishchandra , often listed as the first Indian feature film
Red Margaret, Moonshiner
The Reformers, or the Lost Art of Minding One's Own Business , directed by
D. W. Griffith
The Reincarnation of a Soul (Universal) starring Edwin August
[89]
The Restless Spirit (Victor/ Universal) directed by Allan Dwan, starring Lon Chaney and Pauline Bush
[90]
Rick's Redemption
The Roadside Inn (French/ Star Film)
[91]
The Rose of San Juan
Sapho
Satan's Castle (Italy/ Ambrosio) plot similar to "Faust"
[92]
A Sawmill Hazard
Scrooge (British/ Big Features) directed by Leedham Bantock, starring Sir Seymour Hicks (who also wrote the screenplay); based on the
Charles Dickens novel A Christmas Carol .
[93]
The Sea Urchin (1913 film) (Universal) directed by Edwin August, starring
Lon Chaney and Jeanie MacPherson
[94]
The Sea Wolf , based on the novel by
Jack London
The Scimitar of the Prophet
The Sheriff of Stone Gulch (Kalem) directed by Pat Hartigan, who appears in a starring role alongside
Ruth Roland ,
Marshall Neilan and Vincente Howard.
Sherlock Holmes Solves the Sign of the Four (Thanhouser, U.S., 2 reels) starring Harry Benham as Holmes; film was released in U.K. as The Sign of Four
The Shoemaker and the Doll
Shon the Piper (Universal) starring Robert Z. Leonard and Lon Chaney (uncredited)
[95]
The Shriner's Daughter
Simple Simon and the Haunted House , aka Onesime et la maison hante (French/ Gaumont) directed by Jean Durand, starring Ernest Bourbon and Gaston Modot; one in a series of more than 60 French silent films featuring the character Onesime (which means Simple Simon in English).
[96]
Simple Simon and the Suicide Club (French/ Gaumont) directed by Jean Durand, starring Ernest Bourbon and Gaston Modot; a comic satire on
Robert Louis Stevenson 's 1878 novel, The Suicide Club .
[97]
Il sire di Vincigliata
Sleeping Beauty (Venus/ Warners) based on the Perrault fairy tale.
[98]
Snow White (Powers Films) based on the
Brothers Grimm fairy tale.
[99]
Some Fools There Were
The Spectre of Jago (Italy/ Savoia Films) directed by Alberto Carlo Lolli, starring Ubaldo Maria Del Colle; based on the novel by Charles Darlington.
[100]
The Speed Kings , starring
Mabel Normand ,
Fatty Arbuckle ,
Ford Sterling and American race car drivers
Teddy Tetzlaff ,
Earl Cooper and
Barney Oldfield .
The Speed Queen , starring
Mabel Normand
The Spell (Power Picture Plays) plot was similar to "Svengali".
[101]
The Spender
The Star of India (Blache Films) directed by Herbert Blache and Alice Guy-Blache, starring Frannie Fraunholz and
Claire Whitney ; based on the 1868 novel The Moonstone by Wilkie Collins
[102]
Strangers from Nowhere , aka Two Strangers from Nowhere (Blache Films) produced by Herbert Blache; plot was similar to "Faust".
[103]
The Student of Prague (Germany/Denmark) produced by Apex/ Deutsch-Bioscop, directed by Stellan Rye and Paul Wegener, written by
Hanns Heinz Ewers , starring
Paul Wegener , John Gottowt, Grete Berger and
Lyda Salmonova ; adapting the 1839
Edgar Allan Poe story William Wilson , the film explored the concept of the "doppelganger"; only inferior prints exist, edited down from 85 minutes to 41 minutes; the film was remade in 1926 and again in 1935.
[104]
The Suicide Club (German/ Eichberg Films) directed by Joseph Delmont, starring Fred Sauer and Ilse Bois; based on the 1878
Robert Louis Stevenson short story of the same name.
[105]
Suspense , directed by
Lois Weber ; contains early usage of
split-screen
The Tale of the Ticker
The Tempter (British) filmed in Color; directed by F. Martin Thornton and R. H. Callum, produced by
Charles Urban , starring
Harry Agar Lyons and Alfred de Manby; an early anthology fantasy film that predated
Dead of Night (1945).
[106]
The Tenderfoot's Ghost (produced by
Frontier Films / St. Louis Motion Picture Co.)
[107]
The Thief and the Porter's Head (Italy/ Milano Film)
[108]
Through the Neighbor's Window
Through the Sluice Gates
Traffic in Souls , directed by
George Loane Tucker (One of the earliest American feature film.)
Transported
The Trap (Universal) directed by Edwin August, starring Lon Chaney and Cleo Madison
[109]
Trapped in a Forest Fire
The Treasure of Buddha (Gerrard Studios) lost film based on the 1868
Wilkie Collins novel, The Moonstone .
[110]
Trilby (Vitascope) yet another film based on
the 1894 novel by
George du Maurier .
[111]
Truth in the Wilderness
Twilight of a Woman's Soul
Unto the Third Generation
The Unwelcome Guest
The Vampire (British/ Searchlight Films) remade in 1915 as Heba, the Snake Woman .
[112]
The Vampire (U.S./ Kalem Films) directed by Robert G. Vignola, starring Harry Millarde, Marguerite Cortot, Alice Eis and Bert French; print exists in a museum.
[113]
[114]
The Vampire of the Desert (Vitagraph) directed by Charles Gaskill, starring Helen Gardner and Teffi Johnson; a non-supernatural film based on a poem called The Vampire by
Rudyard Kipling
[115]
Voodoo Fires (Tampa Films) directed by Frank Whitman, written by Joe Brandt; one of the earliest films to depict voodoo rituals, quite possibly an influence on the later
Bela Lugosi film, White Zombie (1932).
Wamba, a Child of the Jungle
The Werewolf (U.S./ Bison Films, Universal) first known film to deal with the "werewolf" concept; filmed in Canada, directed by
Henry McRae , written by Ruth Ann Baldwin, starring Clarence Barton, Marie Walcamp and Phyllis Gordon; based on an 1898 story called "The Werewolves" by Honore Beaugrand; the last known print was destroyed in a fire in 1924.
[116]
What the Gods Decree (French/ Eclair) directed by Victorin-Hippolyte Jasset, starring Charles Krauss and Josette Andriot (a statue of Kali comes to life).
[117]
When Lincoln Paid
When Spirits Walk (Frontier/ St. Louis) starring
Lloyd Hamilton , Joseph Franz and Eva Thatcher
[118]
While John Bolt Slept (Edison Films) starring Charles Ogle
[119]
While There's Life
The Witch of Salem , directed by Raymond B. West, produced by
Thomas H. Ince , starring Charles Ray and Clara Williams; plot is similar to
D. W. Griffith 's Rose O'Salem Town (1910).
[120]
Woman's Honor
Yoshiwara Kaidan: Kozakura Choji (Nikkatsu Kyoto Studios) Japanese ghost movie directed by Shozo Makino, starring Matsunosuke Onoe
[121]
Zhuangzi Tests His Wife , the earliest feature film of
Hong Kong cinema
Short film series
Births
January 2 –
Anna Lee , actress (died
2004 )
January 6 –
Loretta Young , actress (died
2000 )
January 15
January 28 -
Maurice Gosfield , American stage, film, radio and television actor (died
1964 )
January 29 –
Victor Mature , actor (died
1999 )
February 8 –
Betty Field , actress (died
1973 )
February 10 –
Douglas Slocombe , cinematographer (died
2016 )
February 25
March 2 –
Marjorie Weaver , actress (died
1994 )
March 3 -
Harold J. Stone , actor died (died
2005 )
March 4 –
John Garfield , actor (died
1952 )
March 15 –
Macdonald Carey , actor (died
1994 )
March 18 –
René Clément , director (died
1996 )
April 16 –
Les Tremayne , English-American actor (died
2003 )
May 6 –
Stewart Granger , actor (died
1993 )
May 8
May 10 –
Maria Dominiani , actress (died
1993 )
May 18 –
Mary Howard de Liagre , actress (died
2009 )
May 25 -
Benjamin Melniker , American producer (died
2018 )
May 26 –
Peter Cushing , actor (died 1994)
May 27
July 4 –
Barbara Weeks , actress (died 2003)
July 10 –
Joan Marsh , actress (died 2000)
July 18
July 29 –
Gale Page , actress (died
1983 )
August 10 –
Noah Beery Jr. , actor (died 1994)
August 11 –
Paul Dupuis , actor (died
1976 )
August 13
August 24 –
Dorothy Comingore , actress (died
1971 )
September 3 –
Alan Ladd , actor (died
1964 )
September 5 -
Kathleen Burke , actress (died
1980
September 6 –
Julie Gibson , actress (died 2019)
September 7 –
Anthony Quayle , actor (died 1989)
September 12 –
Gerardo de Leon , Filipino director, actor, screenwriter, producer (died
1981 )
September 19 –
Frances Farmer , actress (died
1970 )
September 29
September 30 –
Bill Walsh , producer, writer (died
1975 )
October 7 –
Evelyn Venable , actress (died
1993 )
October 10 –
Janis Carter , actress (died
1994 )
October 17 –
Robert Lowery , actor (died
1971 )
November 2 –
Burt Lancaster , actor (died 1994)
November 4 –
Gig Young , actor (died
1978 )
November 5
November 13 –
Alexander Scourby , American actor (died 1985)
November 16 -
Ellen Albertini Dow , American character actress (died 2015)
November 20 –
Judy Canova , actress (died 1983)
November 24
December 1 –
Mary Martin , actress (died 1990)
December 25 –
Tony Martin , singer, actor (died
2012 )
Deaths
Film debuts
References
^
List of Marathi films of 1910-1919 .
^
Overview .
The New York Times .
^ Finler, Joel W. (April 2, 1992),
The Hollywood Story (Second ed.), Mandarin, p.
263 ,
ISBN
0-7493-0637-8
^
Traffic in Souls (1913) at
IMDb
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 52.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 52.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 105.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 52.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 105.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 6.
ISBN
1-879511-26-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 52.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 52.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 7.
ISBN
1-879511-26-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 106.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 53.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 106.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 106.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 107.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 107.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 8.
ISBN
1-879511-26-6 .
^ Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 7.
ISBN
1-879511-26-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 107.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 53.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 107.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 53.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 53.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 107.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 108.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 54.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 108.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 108.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 109.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 54.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 99.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 5.
ISBN
1-879511-26-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 109.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 54.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 54.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 109.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 55.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 110.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 53.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 110.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 110.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 110.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 110.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 110.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 55.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 55.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 109.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 111.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 55.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 111.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 107.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 111.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 111.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 112.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 112.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 112.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 56.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 112.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 111.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 56.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 113.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 113.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 113.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 114.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 56.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 114.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 57.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 114.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 114.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 115.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 57.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 115.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 57.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 57.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 57.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 115.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 115.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 116.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 116.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 57.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 116.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 117.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 1.
ISBN
1-879511-26-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 114.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 117.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 58.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 4.
ISBN
1-879511-26-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 58.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 58.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 58.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 2.
ISBN
1-879511-26-6 .
^ Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 3.
ISBN
1-879511-26-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 117.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 114.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 58.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 58.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 118.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 118.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 118.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 118.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 119.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 120.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 120.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 121.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 121.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Blake, Michael F. (1998). "The Films of Lon Chaney". Vestal Press Inc. Page 4.
ISBN
1-879511-26-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 121.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 121.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 121.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 59.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^
"Silent Era : Progressive Silent Film List" .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 121.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 122.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 123.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 123.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 123.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 123.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 124.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Lamarre, Hazel L. (May 28, 1953).
"All the World's a Stage: Artist of the Week" . Los Angeles Sentinel . p. B-2. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
External links