From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Overview of the events of 1883 in science
The year 1883 in
science and
technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Chemistry
Earth sciences
August 26 –
Krakatoa begins its final phase of eruptions at 1:06 pm local time. These produce a number of
tsunami , mainly in the early hours of the next day, which result in about 36,000 deaths on the islands of
Sumatra and
Java . The final explosion at 10:02 am on August 27 destroys the island of Krakatoa itself and is heard up to 3000 miles away.
Vasily Dokuchaev publishes Russian Chernozem .
Genetics
Medicine
Microbiology
Physics
Technology
Zoology
Awards
Births
January 4 –
Johanna Westerdijk (died
1961 ),
Dutch
plant pathologist .
February 10 –
Edith Clarke (died
1959 ), American electrical engineer, inducted into the
National Inventors Hall of Fame .
March 4 –
Julius Fromm (died
1945 ), German businessman, inventor known for the
Condom machine
May 5 –
Anna Johnson Pell Wheeler (died
1966 ), American mathematician.
May 13 –
Georgios Papanikolaou (died
1962 ),
Greek -born
cytopathologist ,
inventor of the
Pap smear .
June 24 –
Victor Francis Hess (died
1964 ),
American
physicist .
July 15 –
Orii Hyōjirō (died
1970 ), Japanese animal specimen collector.
August 4 –
Sydney Smith (died
1969 ),
New Zealand -born
forensic pathologist .
August 6 –
Constance Georgina Adams (died
1968 ), South African botanist.
[10]
October 2 –
Karl von Terzaghi (died
1963 ),
Austrian "father of
soil mechanics ".
October 8 –
Otto Heinrich Warburg (died
1970 ),
German
physiologist , winner of the 1931
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine .
Deaths
January 23 –
George Miller Beard (born
1839 ), American
neurologist .
April 10 -
Maurice Krishaber (born
1836 ), naturalised French
Hungarian
otorhinolaryngologist .
[11]
April 14 –
William Farr (born
1807 ),
English
epidemiologist .
April 28 – Rev.
John Russell (born
1795 ), English
dog breeder .
May 13 –
James Young (born
1811 ),
Scottish
chemist .
June 18 –
John Waterston (born 1811), Scottish physicist and
civil engineer (drowned).
June 26 – General Sir
Edward Sabine (born
1788 ),
Anglo-Irish physicist,
astronomer and
explorer .
September 15 –
Joseph Plateau (born
1801 ),
Belgian physicist.
December 8 –
François Lenormant (born
1837 ),
French
assyriologist and
numismatist .
December 13 –
John Stringfellow (born
1799 ), English pioneer of heavier-than-air flight.
References
^
"Svante August Arrhenius" . Science History Institute . Retrieved 21 March 2018 .
^ Bowden, Mary Ellen (1997).
"Svante August Arrhenius" . Chemical achievers : the human face of the chemical sciences . Philadelphia, PA: Chemical Heritage Foundation. pp.
32–34 .
ISBN
9780941901123 .
^ Kutney, Gerald (2007).
Sulfur: History, Technology, Applications & Industry . ChemTec Publishing. p. 62.
ISBN
9781895198379 .
^ Galton, Francis (1883).
Inquiries into Human Faculty and its Development . London: Macmillan. p.
199 .
^ Baethge, C.; Salvatore, P.; Baldessarini, R. J. (September 2003). "Cyclothymia, a circular mood disorder". History of Psychiatry . 14 (55 Pt 3): 377–390.
doi :
10.1177/0957154X030143008 .
PMID
14621693 .
S2CID
145076032 .
^ Koukopoulos, A. (January 2003). "Ewald Hecker's description of cyclothymia as a cyclical mood disorder: its relevance to the modern concept of bipolar II". Journal of Affective Disorders . 73 (1–2): 199–205.
doi :
10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00326-9 .
PMID
12507752 .
^ Reynolds, Osborne (1883).
"An experimental investigation of the circumstances which determine whether the motion of water shall be direct or sinuous, and of the law of resistance in parallel channels" .
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society . 174 : 935–982.
Bibcode :
1883RSPT..174..935R .
doi :
10.1098/rstl.1883.0029 .
JSTOR
109431 .
^ Rott, N. (1990). "Note on the history of the Reynolds number".
Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics . 22 (1): 1–11.
Bibcode :
1990AnRFM..22....1R .
doi :
10.1146/annurev.fl.22.010190.000245 .
S2CID
54583669 .
^
"Copley Medal | British scientific award" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 23 July 2020 .
^ Rall, Maureen (2002). Petticoat Pioneers: The History of the Pioneer Women who Lived on the Diamond Fields in the Early Years . Kimberley, South Africa: Kimberley Africana Library. p. 117.
ISBN
978-0-62027-613-9 .
^
"Notice no. LH/1409/37" .
Base Léonore (in French).