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The Tornadoes Portal

A tornado near Anadarko, Oklahoma, in 1999
Tornadoes are violently rotating columns of air that are in contact with the Earth and either a cumulonimbus or a cumulus cloud. Tornadoes are often referred to as twisters, whirlwinds, or cyclones. While most tornadoes attain winds of less than 110 miles per hour (180 km/h), are about 250 feet (80 m) across, and travel a few miles (several kilometers), the wind speeds in the most intense tornadoes can reach 300 miles per hour (480 km/h), are more than two miles (3 km) in diameter, and stay on the ground for dozens of miles (more than 100 km). Various types of tornadoes include the multiple vortex tornado, landspout, and waterspout. Other tornado-like phenomena that exist in nature include the gustnado, dust devil, fire whirl, and steam devil. Most tornadoes occur in North America (in the United States and Canada), concentrated in a region nicknamed the Tornado Alley. Tornadoes also occur in South America, South Africa, Europe, Asia, and Oceania.
Vertical cross-section through a supercell showing the BWER.
The bounded weak echo region, also known as a BWER or a vault, is a radar signature within a thunderstorm characterized by a local minimum in radar reflectivity at low levels which extends upward into, and is surrounded by, higher reflectivities aloft, forming a kind of dome of weak echoes. This feature is associated with a strong updraft and is almost always found in the inflow region of a thunderstorm: it cannot be seen visually. The BWER has been noted on radar imagery of severe thunderstorms since 1973 and has a lightning detection system equivalent known as a lightning hole. ( Full article...)
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The May 1995 tornado outbreak sequence produced 279 tornadoes between May 6 and May 19, 1995, across the Midwestern, Southern and Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. There were three particular outbreaks during that period: those of May 7 to May 9 across the southern Great Plains, May 13–14 across the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys and on May 18—the most intense outbreak—across the Tennessee Valley. Additional tornadoes touched down in the Southeast, the Middle Atlantic and the Central Plains during that period. A total of 13 people were killed during the entire outbreak sequence.

This is the list of confirmed tornadoes during the outbreak from May 6 to May 31, 1995. ( Full article...)
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Damage to a Blockbuster Video store in Perth from a tornado on June 7, 2012

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Tracks of all US tornadoes in 1970.

This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1970, primarily in the United States. Most tornadoes form in the U.S., although some events may take place internationally. Tornado statistics for older years like this often appear significantly lower than modern years due to fewer reports or confirmed tornadoes.

( Full article...)
List of tornadoes by year

Related portals

2024 tornado activity

Mid-latitude cyclone responsible for the storm complex on January 9, 2024
A large and robust storm system, unofficially named Winter Storm Finn by The Weather Channel, brought widespread impacts to much of the contiguous United States early in January 2024. In the northern United States, heavy snow, hail, and gusty winds affected areas from the Great Plains to New England. In the southern United States, a widespread tornado outbreak along the Gulf Coast caused two fatalities and numerous injuries. ( Full article...)

Tornado anniversaries

May 9

May 10

  • 1907 – An F5 tornado destroyed much of Snyder, Oklahoma with many homes completely swept away, killing 97 people, including 10 on farms outside of town. Residents did not take shelter because they mistook the approaching tornado for a hail storm.
  • 1933 – An F4 tornado, forming just after midnight, destroyed every home in Beatty Swamps near Livingston, Tennessee, with much of the community swept clean, killing 35 people. Nearly everyone in town was killed or injured.
  • 2008 – A long-track EF4 tornado killed 21 people and injured 350 as it traveled 75 miles (121 km) across northeastern Oklahoma and southwestern Missouri. Eight people were killed and 150 were injured in Picher, Oklahoma, where about 200 homes were destroyed. Following the tornado and problems created by nearby mines, Picher was abandoned. Another 14 died in Jasper County, Missouri, most of them in cars and mobile homes near Racine.

May 11

  • 1953 – An F5 tornado, obscured by heavy rain, leveled a potion of Waco, Texas and killed 114 people, including 30 in a six-story building that collapsed in downtown Waco. This was one of the first tornadoes to be matched with a hook echo by weather radar, but no warning was communicated to residents.
  • 1970 – An F5 tornado killed 26 people and destroyed more than 1,000 homes and apartment units in Lubbock, Texas. Ted Fujita led a detailed study of the damage from this tornado, using it to develop the levels of the Fujita scale and improve the understanding of multiple vortex tornadoes.

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A cumulative map of all tornadoes and tornado warnings throughout the outbreak

Accompanying Hurricane Katrina's catastrophic coastal impacts was a moderate tornado outbreak spawned by the cyclone's outer bands. The event spanned August 26–31, 2005, with 57 tornadoes touching down across 8 states. One person died and numerous communities suffered damage of varying degrees from central Mississippi to Pennsylvania, with Georgia sustaining record monetary damage for the month of August. Due to extreme devastation in coastal areas of Louisiana and Mississippi, multiple tornadoes may have been overlooked—overshadowed by the effects of storm surge and large-scale wind—and thus the full extent of the hurricane's tornado outbreak is uncertain. Furthermore, an indeterminate number of waterspouts likely formed throughout the life cycle of Hurricane Katrina.

The outbreak began with an isolated F2 over the Florida Keys on August 26; no tornadoes were recorded the following day as the storm traversed the Gulf of Mexico. Four weak tornadoes were observed on August 28 as the hurricane approached land, each causing little damage. Coincident with Katrina's landfall, activity began in earnest on August 29 with numerous tornadoes touching down across Gulf Coast states. Georgia suffered the greatest impact on this day, with multiple F1 and F2 tornadoes causing significant damage; one person died in Carroll County, marking the first known instance of a tornado-related death in the state during August. A record 18 tornadoes touched down across Georgia on August 29, far exceeding the previous daily record of just 2 tornadoes for the month throughout the state. Activity diminished over the subsequent two days as the former hurricane moved northward. Several more tornadoes touched down across the Mid-Atlantic states before the cessation of the outbreak just after midnight local time on August 31. ( Full article...)

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The scope of WikiProject Severe weather is to write articles about severe weather, namely thunderstorms and tornadoes. Their talk page is located here.

WikiProject Weather is the main hub for all articles that are weather-related. WikiProject Weather strives to improve articles in a variety of weather topics, including Tropical Cyclones, Severe Weather, General meteorology, Non-tropical Storms, Climate, Floods, Droughts and wildfires, Meteorological instruments and data, Meteorological Biographies, and Space Weather. If you would like to help, please visit the project talk page.

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