Portal:Montana References

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The Montana Portal

East face of the Crazy Mountains in the northern Rocky Mountains of Montana (2015)

Montana ( /mɒnˈtænə/ ^ⓘ mon-TAN-ə) is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It borders Idaho to the west, North Dakota to the east, South Dakota to the southeast, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan to the north. It is the fourth-largest state by area, the eighth-least populous state, and the third-least densely populated state. Its capital is Helena, while the most populous city is Billings. The western half of the state contains numerous mountain ranges, while the eastern half is characterized by western prairie terrain and badlands, with smaller mountain ranges found throughout the state.

Most of Montana first came under American sovereignty with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and was explored by the Lewis and Clark Expedition shortly thereafter. Fur trappers followed and were the main economic activity in the area until gold was discovered in 1852. The ensuing gold rush, along with the passage of the Homestead Acts in 1862, brought large numbers of American settlers to Montana. Rapid population growth and development culminated in statehood on November 8, 1889. Mining, particularly around Butte and Helena, would remain the state's main economic engine through the mid-20th century.

Montana has no official nickname but several unofficial ones, most notably "Big Sky Country", "The Treasure State", "Land of the Shining Mountains", and " The Last Best Place". Its economy is primarily based on agriculture, including ranching and cereal grain farming. Other significant economic resources include oil, gas, coal, mining, and lumber. The health care, service, defense, and government sectors are also significant to the state's economy. Montana's fastest-growing sector is tourism, with 12.6 million tourists (as of 2019) visiting the state each year. ( Full article...)

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The history of vigilante justice and the Montana Vigilantes began in 1863 in what was at the time a remote part of eastern Idaho Territory. Vigilante activities continued, although somewhat sporadically, through the Montana Territorial period until the territory became the state of Montana on November 8, 1889. Vigilantism arose because territorial law enforcement and the courts had very little power in the remote mining camps during the territorial period.

In 1863–1864, Montana Vigilantes followed the model of the San Francisco Committee of Vigilance that existed in 1850s California to bring order to lawless communities in and around the gold fields of Alder Gulch and Grasshopper Creek. There are estimates that over 100 persons were killed in " road agent" robberies in the fall of 1863. The Vigilance Committee of Alder Gulch organized in December 1863, and in the first six weeks of 1864 at least 20 road agents of the infamous Plummer gang, known as the " Innocents", were captured and hanged by the organization. Formal territorial law reached Alder Gulch in late 1864 with the arrival of Territorial Judge Hezekiah L. Hosmer and vigilante activity ceased in the region. ( Full article...)

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This is a list of mountain ranges in the state of Montana. Montana is the fourth largest state in the United States and is well known for its mountains. The name "Montana" means "mountainous" in Latin. Representative James Mitchell Ashley ( R- Ohio), suggested the name when legislation organizing the territory was passed by the United States Congress in 1864. Ashley noted that a mining camp in the Colorado Territory had already used the name, and Congress agreed to use the name for the new territory.

According to the United States Board on Geographic Names, there are at least 100 named mountain ranges and sub-ranges in Montana. However, mountain ranges have no official boundaries, and there is no official list of mountain ranges in the state. ( Full article...)

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The following are images from various Montana-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1 Pompeys Pillar National Monument (from Montana)
Image 2100 pound native Montana wolf taken in 1928 (from Montana)
Image 3Mining headframes in Butte, MT (from History of Montana)
Image 4The Big Sky Resort (from Montana)
Image 5Dancers at Crow Fair in 1941 (from Montana)
Image 6The Empire Builder in Essex (from Transportation in Montana)
Image 7Swedish gold panners in 1860s Montana. The Montana gold rush began in 1862. (from History of Montana)
Image 8Map of domestic flights available from the largest airport in Montana (Click to enlarge) (from Transportation in Montana)
Image 9Jeannette Rankin, August 1916 (from History of Montana)
Image 10 Missouri Breaks region in central Montana (from Montana)
Image 11Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site, Deer Lodge, MT, date unknown (from History of Montana)
Image 12Guided snowmobile tours in Yellowstone Park (from Montana)
Image 13 Yellowstone Airport, West Yellowstone, Montana (from Montana)
Image 14 Pretty Nose at Fort Keogh, 1879 (from History of Montana)
Image 15Relief map of Montana (from Montana)
Image 16The Palisades area on the north end of the ski area at Red Lodge Mountain Resort (from Montana)
Image 17Map of Montana (from Montana)
Image 18 Mountain Line buses queue to pick up passengers in Missoula. (from Transportation in Montana)
Image 19 Assiniboine family, Montana, 1890–91 (from Montana)
Image 20 Montana State Bobcats football at Bobcat Stadium (Montana State University), Bozeman (from Montana)
Image 21Stump Horn and family (Northern Cheyenne); showing home and horse-drawn travois. (from History of Montana)
Image 22Map of Williston Basin oil fields with reservoirs in Bakken Formation (from History of Montana)
Image 23Temperature and precipitation for Montana's capital city, Helena (from Montana)
Image 24Chief Joseph (from History of Montana)
Image 25An Airbus A319 waits at Billings Logan International Airport. (from Transportation in Montana)
Image 26Clark Fork River, Missoula, in autumn (from Montana)
Image 27 U.S. Route 93 in Montana (from Transportation in Montana)
Image 28Montana ranks 2nd nationally in craft breweries per capita. (from Montana)
Image 29Montana population density map (from Montana)
Image 30Early tribal treaty territories in Montana (from History of Montana)
Image 31Montana Territory in 1865 (from Montana)
Image 32The Scout in Winter, Crow, 1908 by Edward S. Curtis (from History of Montana)
Image 33 Montana Rail Link freight haulage in 2005 (from Transportation in Montana)
Image 34Joseph M. Dixon, Congressman (1903–1913) and Governor of Montana (1921–1925) (from History of Montana)
Image 35 Early Indian treaty territories in Montana (from Montana)
Image 36Ethnic origins in Montana (from Montana)
Image 37Population of Montana 1870–2018 (from Montana)

Map of counties in Montana by racial plurality, per the 2020 U.S. census

Legend

Non-Hispanic White

50–60%

60–70%

70–80%

80–90%

90%+

Native American

50–60%

60–70%

70–80%

(from Montana)

Image 39 Buffalo Soldiers, Ft. Keogh, Montana, 1890. The nickname was given to the "Black Cavalry" by the Native American tribes they fought. (from Montana)
Image 40 First Interstate Center, in downtown Billings, is the tallest building in Montana. (from Montana)
Image 41 Treemap of the popular vote by county, 2016 presidential election. Areas are in proportion to the number of votes cast in each county. (from Montana)
Image 42General locations of Indian reservations in Montana (from Montana)
Image 43From Frank Bond, "Louisiana" and the Louisiana Purchase.
Government Printing Office, 1912 Map No. 4. (from History of Montana)
Image 44 Köppen climate types of Montana, using 1991-2020 climate normals (from Montana)
Image 45Click to enlarge detailed map (from Transportation in Montana)
Image 46 Saint Mary Lake in Glacier National Park (from Montana)
Image 47 Mennonite family in Montana, c. 1937 (from Montana)
Image 48Missoula, the second-largest city in Montana (from Montana)
Image 49Chief Joseph and Col. John Gibbon met again on the Big Hole Battlefield site in 1889. (from Montana)
Image 50 Quake Lake was created by a landslide during the 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake. (from Montana)
Image 51Main Street in Red Lodge, 2000, showing iron facades on buildings (from History of Montana)
Image 52Lone Mountain at Big Sky Ski Resort (from Montana)

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... that Symphyotrichum molle, the soft aster, can be found only in the Bighorn Mountains of Montana and Wyoming?
... that the owner of a Montana TV station changed the name of his company because he was asked why his license plate read " SUNBELT"?
... that a " North Dakota joke of the mornin'" was a feature on Montana radio station KGRZ because the station's owner and morning show host hailed from that state?
... that Kane Ioane finished his playing career at Montana State as the Big Sky Conference's all-time tackles leader?
... that Montana television station KOPR-TV brought forward its start date by several months, only to last just one year?
... that the Acoustic Atlas at Montana State University Library helped to create a public domain archive of sounds from Yellowstone National Park?

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