The Indigenous peoples of the Americas are diverse; some
Indigenous peoples were historically
hunter-gatherers, while others traditionally practice
agriculture and
aquaculture. In some regions, Indigenous peoples created pre-contact monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities,
city-states,
chiefdoms, states, kingdoms, republics, confederacies and empires. These societies had varying degrees of knowledge of engineering, architecture, mathematics, astronomy, writing, physics, medicine, planting and irrigation, geology, mining, metallurgy, sculpture and gold smithing. (Full article...)
Although igloos are usually associated with all Inuit, they were predominantly constructed by people of
Canada's Central Arctic and
Greenland's
Thule area. Other Inuit people tended to use snow to insulate their houses, which were constructed from
whalebone and hides. Snow is used because the air pockets trapped in it make it an
insulator. On the outside, temperatures may be as low as −45 °C (−49 °F), but on the inside the temperature may range from −7 °C (19 °F) to 16 °C (61 °F) when warmed by
body heat alone.
Image 14Indigenous peoples textile art in 1995 by Julia Pingushat, including
Inuk,
Arviat, Nunavut, Canada, wool, and embroidery floss (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 28A Mapuche man and woman; the Mapuche make up about 85% of Indigenous population that live in Chile. (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 29The tomato (jitomate, in central Mexico) was later cultivated by the pre-Hispanic civilizations of Mexico. (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 35A map showing the origin of the first wave of humans into the
Americas, including the Ancestral Northern Eurasian, which represent a distinct Paleolithic Siberian population, and the Northeast Asians, which are an East Asian-related group. The admixture happened somewhere in Northeast
Siberia. (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Image 40The domesticated plant species that were cultivated by the Indigenous peoples have influenced the crops that were produced globally. (from Indigenous peoples of the Americas)
Chief Buffalo (
Ojibwe: Ke-che-waish-ke/Gichi-weshkiinh – "Great-renewer" or Peezhickee/Bizhiki – "Buffalo"; also French, Le Boeuf) (1759?-September 7, 1855) was an
Ojibwa leader born at
La Pointe in the
Apostle Islands group of
Lake Superior, in what is now northern
Wisconsin, USA. Recognized as the principal chief of the
Lake Superior Chippewa (Ojibwa) for nearly a half-century until his death in 1855, he led his nation into a treaty relationship with the
United States Government signing treaties in 1825, 1826, 1837, 1842, 1847, and 1854. He was also instrumental in resisting the efforts of the United States to
remove the Chippewa and in securing permanent
reservations for his people near Lake Superior.
... that in traditional Plains hide painting,
Native American women painted abstract, geometric designs while men painted representational, narrative images?
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