The Atlantic League operates in cities not served by Major League Baseball (MLB) or
Minor League Baseball (MiLB) teams; most of its teams are within
suburbs and
exurbs too close to other teams in the organized baseball system to have minor league franchises of their own. The Atlantic League requires cities to have the market for a 4,000 to 7,500-seat ballpark and for the facility to be maintained at or above
Triple-A standards.[4] When Atlantic League professionals are signed by MLB clubs, they usually start in their
Double-A or Triple-A affiliates.[5]
The league uses a
pitch clock and limits the time between innings in an effort to speed up the game.[6] In 2019, the Atlantic League began a three-year partnership with Major League Baseball allowing MLB to implement changes to Atlantic League playing rules, in order to observe the effects of potential future rule changes and equipment.[7] In 2020, the Atlantic League, together with the
American Association, the
Frontier League, and the
Pioneer League, expanded this agreement to become an official MLB Partner League.[2][3]
In 1998, the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball played its inaugural season, with teams in
Bridgewater,
Newark, and
Atlantic City, New Jersey;
Nashua, New Hampshire;
Newburgh, New York; and
Bridgeport, Connecticut. The creation of the league was the result of the
New York Mets' objection to
Frank Boulton's proposal to move the former
Albany-Colonie Yankees because of its territorial rights to the region. Boulton, a
Long Island, New York native, decided to create a new league that would have a higher salary cap for its players and a longer season than most of the other independent baseball organizations. He modeled the Atlantic League after the older
Pacific Coast League, with facilities that exceed
AAA-level standards. Boulton also emphasized signing players of Major League Baseball experience for all Atlantic League teams, raising the level of play above other independent leagues.
In 2010, the league announced that it would be expanding to
Sugar Land, Texas and adding its first franchise not located in an
Atlantic coast state.[14] The
Sugar Land Skeeters began play in 2012. In 2010, amid financial struggles, the
Newark Bears moved from the Atlantic League to the
Can-Am League, leaving the
Bridgeport Bluefish and
Somerset Patriots as the only teams remaining from the league's inaugural season.[15] In the summer of 2013, then-ALPB President Frank Boulton announced that he would be resigning so that he could devote more time to operating the
Long Island Ducks. He was replaced by longtime high-ranking Major League Baseball executive Rick White.[16] On July 8, 2015, the Atlantic League began using
Rawlingsbaseballs with red and blue seams, virtually unused in the sport since the
American League swapped the blue in their seams for red in 1934.[17]
On September 1, 2015, the Atlantic League announced conditional approval for an expansion team or a relocated team to play in
New Britain, Connecticut for the 2016 season.[18][19][20][21] On October 21, 2015, the Camden Riversharks announced they would cease operations immediately due to the inability to reach an agreement on lease terms with the owner of Campbell's Field, the Camden County Improvement Authority.[22] The team was replaced by the
New Britain Bees for the 2016 season.[23] On May 29, 2016,
Jennie Finch was the guest manager for the league's Bridgeport Bluefish, thus becoming the first woman to manage a professional baseball team.[24]
Shortly before the conclusion of the 2017 season, the city of
Bridgeport, Connecticut voted to not continue with professional baseball in the city and announced plans to convert
The Ballpark at Harbor Yard into a music amphitheater; the
Bridgeport Bluefish announced plans to relocate to
High Point, North Carolina in 2019 when the construction of a new multipurpose facility in High Point is completed.[25] League officials announced the return of the
Pennsylvania Road Warriors, an all road game team, to keep the league at an even eight teams while the Bluefish go inactive for the 2018 season.[26]
In 2015, the Atlantic League experienced a watershed moment for independent baseball when it signed a formal agreement with Major League Baseball which put into writing the rules which the ALPB would follow in selling its players' contracts to MLB clubs and their affiliates. This marked the first time that MLB, which has enjoyed a
U.S. Supreme Court-granted
antitrust exemption since 1922, had made any formal agreement with or acknowledgment of an independent baseball league.[27]
2020s
In 2020, due to the
COVID-19 pandemic, the league announced that it would be unable to operate for the 2020 season with the current 8 member ballclubs, thereby canceling its season.[28] Several teams (Somerset, York, and Lancaster) did not gain necessary approval from governmental and health officials to open their ballparks to the capacity level necessary for competition.[29] They used their stadiums to host recreational and community-based events, as well as local baseball activities where allowed. Meanwhile, the Long Island Ducks, High Point Rockers, and Southern Maryland Blue Crabs initially attempted to partner with teams from other leagues in order to play a 70-game season from mid-July through the end of September. However, due to ongoing restrictions and capacity limitations, they ultimately decided to suspend all baseball activities for the 2020 season. The only teams that played in 2020 was the Sugar Land Skeeters, who would create a new 4-team independent league in Texas, with all 60 games played at
Constellation Field, and the Somerset Patriots, who played weekend games with a second squad called the New Jersey Blasters.[30][31]
In July 2020, the league announced the addition of a new franchise in
Gastonia, North Carolina beginning in 2021; it is the league's second team based in North Carolina.[32]
In November 2020, the Atlantic League lost its last charter franchise and its westernmost franchise when both teams became official minor league affiliates. On November 7, the
Somerset Patriots announced that they were leaving the league to join the MLB-affiliated
Eastern League, where they will replace the
Trenton Thunder as the
Double-A affiliate of the
New York Yankees.[33] Approximately two weeks later, the
Houston Astros announced that they had purchased a controlling stake in the
Sugar Land Skeeters and, as a result, the Skeeters would become the Astros'
Triple-A affiliate and join the
Pacific Coast League.[34]
On September 1, 2021, the league announced the addition of a new
Hagerstown, Maryland franchise with the intent to begin play in 2023 pending ballpark construction.[37] In 2022 it was announced that the team wouldn't begin play until 2024 due to construction delays.[38]
In 2022,
Kelsie Whitmore signed with the
Staten Island FerryHawks of the Atlantic League, and started a game for them in left field; this made her the first woman to start an Atlantic League game.[39][40] Later that year she became the first woman to pitch in an Atlantic League game when she made her first pitching appearance for Staten Island; entering the game with the
bases loaded and two
outs, she retired
Ryan Jackson, a former major leaguer, on a
fly out to end the inning.[41]
On July 20, 2023, the Hagerstown team announced that they would be named the
Hagerstown Flying Boxcars.[42] In September, 2023 it was announced that
Spire City Ghost Hounds would be on hiatus during the 2024 season due to the league now having an odd number of teams with the addition of the Hagerstown franchise. The team is set to return for the 2025 season.[43]
On November 22, 2023, the Atlantic League terminated the membership of the
Gastonia Honey Hunters, citing significant unpaid debts to the league. Rick White, president of the Atlantic League, confirmed that the Honey Hunters were terminated, but said that the Atlantic League intended to field a team in Gastonia in 2024.[44] In February 2024, the league named Zawyer Sports & Entertainment as the new owners for the 2024 season with a team name to be announced.[45]
Experimental rules
2019
In March 2019, the Atlantic League and Major League Baseball reached agreement to test multiple rule changes during the 2019 Atlantic League season:[46]
Use of a
radar tracking system to assist umpires in calling balls and strikes
Reducing the time between half innings by 20 seconds, from 2 minutes 5 seconds to 1:45
Moving the pitching rubber on the
pitcher's mound back 24 inches (61 cm)
This change would have taken effect in the second half of the season
In April 2019, implementation of two of the changes was delayed:[47]
The tracking system for calling balls and strikes "will be implemented gradually over the course of the 2019 season"
Moving the pitching rubber back will not occur until the second half of the 2020 Atlantic League season; this rule change was never implemented.
The tracking system for calling balls and strikes was introduced at the league's all-star game on July 10.[48] In addition to rule changes noted above, additional changes being implemented for the second half of the league's 2019 season are:[49]
Pitchers required to step off
rubber to attempt
pickoff
"Any pitched ball not caught by the catcher shall be subject to the same baserunning rules for the batter as an uncaught third strike, with the exception of the first base occupied with less than two out exclusion."
"In making his ruling, the base umpire should determine whether the batter's wrists 'rolled over' during an attempt to strike at the ball and, if not, call the pitch a ball."
2021
The Atlantic League and MLB jointly announced that the former would adopt several additional experimental rules for the 2021 season:[50]
The automated ball-strike calling system introduced for 2019 remains in use, but has been tweaked. The strike zone, which had been a three-dimensional space above home plate in 2019, changed to a two-dimensional space measured at the front of home plate.
A "double-hook" rule is in force for the entire season. Under this rule, once a team removes its starting pitcher, it loses the right to use a designated hitter for the rest of the game.
During the second half of the season (starting on August 3), the pitcher's rubber was moved back 1 foot (30 cm), making the distance between the front edge of the rubber to the rear point of home plate 61 feet 6 inches (18.75 m).
2022
In January 2022, the Atlantic League announced they would no longer be using the following rules for the 2022 season:[51]
The automated ball-strike system that was first introduced in 2019, would no longer be used to assist home plate umpires in making ball or strike decisions. While the Atlantic League discontinued the use of the system, MLB opted to use the system in Spring Training games and in Triple A for the 2022 season.
The distance of the pitching rubber to home plate went back to its original length, 60 feet 6 inches, down from 61 feet 6 inches. The mound was first moved a foot back (from 60 feet 6 inches to 61 feet 6 inches) on August 3, 2021, half-way through the 2021 season.
In March 2022, the MLB announced modifications to the "double-hook" rule and reintroduced the "dropped pitch" rule for the 2023 season:[52]
The "double-hook" rule was modified so that clubs do not lose their designated hitter if their starting pitcher completes at least five innings.
The "dropped pitch" rule allows batters to attempt to advance for first on any pitch not caught in the air by the catcher, even with a runner on first. Those that reach first base will be awarded a hit.
2023
In April 2023, it was announced that the Atlantic League would be testing three rules for the 2023 season:[53]
The "designated pinch-runner" rule will have clubs designate a pinch runner that is not in the starting line up. That player can be substituted into the game at any point as a baserunner, but unlike typical substitutions the player that is substituted for as well as the pinch-runner will be allowed to return to the game with no penalty.
Pitchers will be allowed only one disengagement per at-bat. Any additional disengagements will be counted as a balk unless an out is recorded.
The "double-hook" rule will continue being used in its 2022 form.
The ALPB Championship Series is played as a best-of-five. Numbers in parentheses denote the number of championships won by a team to that point, when more than one.
Some Atlantic League players have come from, or advanced to, the higher ranks of
Major League Baseball. Some have resurrected their careers and returned to the majors, while others played in the independent league during the start or end of their careers.[62] The following is a list of some of those players:
Stephen Drew - Drafted in the first round in 2004 by the
Arizona Diamondbacks. Played 19 games for the
Camden Riversharks in 2005 before agreeing to terms with the Diamondbacks. Drew played for several major league teams and won a World Series with the Red Sox in 2013.
Ross Detwiler - Drafted in the first round in 2007 by the
Washington Nationals. Became a key member of Nationals' pitching staff in 2011 and 2012 and pitched well in the franchise's first playoff series since moving from Montreal. Bounced around several teams, then signed with the
York Revolution in 2018. Called back to several MLB teams, including the
Miami Marlins in 2021.