May 31 Information

I saw those words today and dont know the difference. What is the difference of a curvy, voluptuous, thick and athletic body shape? Give me picture examples to make simple as google PS: If one of those ( curvy, voluptuous, thick ) is mistaken with fat, show a fat person to show the difference. 177.63.95.122 ( talk) 21:23, 31 May 2024 (UTC) reply

The words "curvy" and "voluptuous" imply that the individual is female ("curvaceous" is also used). To be fair to the OP, his native tongue is most likely Portuguese, where the corresponding words may have a wider meaning. Example: Boletim do Instituto Menezes Bragança [1] (on page 148):

...Índia conferiram a sua obra "originalidade e vigor que o aproximam ora do lirismo místico de Tagore, ora do satanismo voluptuoso de Beaudelaire".

...India conferred on his work "originality and vigour that approximate it now to the mystical lyricism of Tagore, now to the voluptuous Satanism of Beaudelaire".

OP, all you have to do is open up a generative AI website. It will create those images for you to look at. I could be wrong, but in the US, curvy, voluptuous, and thick are generally used as synonyms, even though each can have their own separate definitions and differences. I remember reading that there's also a certain amount of cultural overlay. For example, "curvy" is considered body positive. "Voluptuous" implies a somewhat larger figure, but having just looked into it a bit closer, I see it is indeed used in the same way as curvy. Athletic generally entails thin and slightly muscular or defined, with a much smaller top and bottom. As for the term "fat", I think the term you're looking for is "obese". I think what you are really getting it is, can a curvy, voluptuous, and thick woman also be labeled obese? And the answer is most obviously, yes. More interestingly is to examine similar terms for men, which hasn't been done enough in recent years except for the somewhat newer subject of the dad bod. Viriditas ( talk) 21:41, 1 June 2024 (UTC) reply

"Thick" is a slightly nicer way of saying "fat". ← Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 06:26, 2 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Not exactly. Christina Hendricks might be described as "thick" (or "curvy" or "voluptuous" or "zaftig"), but I don't think anyone would call her "fat". -- User:Khajidha ( talk) ( contributions) 12:02, 3 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Nor does she look it, unless she's gained considerable weight in the last ten years. ← Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 21:15, 3 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Wiktiionary gives thick as a slang term meaning "curvy and voluptuous, and especially having large hips". This definition implies attractiveness, a connotation that is missing in fat.  -- Lambiam 05:55, 4 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Notions of ideal body types are not only subject to fashion trends, but also differ between cultures. In the Western world, the Rubenesque body used to be seen as an ideal female body type, before the waif type à la Twiggy came in vogue in the 1960s. While men may be attracted to curvy women, these days curvy women tend to feel ashamed for their (completely natural) body type. The situation is very asymmetric between the sexes. (I'm still referring to the Western world.) Having more body fat than average is generally not an attractive feature for men. A friendly way of describing an overweight male is to call them portly. The adjective rotund evokes (for me) the mental image of Santa Claus. A gender-neutral term, also used for children, is chubby.  -- Lambiam 06:20, 4 June 2024 (UTC) reply

One interesting thing is that zaftig literally translates as "saucy" or "juicy", though it's usually used to mean "pleasingly plump". And I've never heard "voluptuous" to mean "large hips", but instead to mean "large breasts". Like a Jayne Mansfield. Stephanie Courtney, who plays the insurance lady "Flo", has described herself as "curvy". "Chubby" or "chunky" would be a reasonable synonym. ← Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 11:52, 4 June 2024 (UTC) reply

I've always come across "voluptuous" as meaning curvy all over. If you want to limit it to the breasts, the word is "buxom". -- User:Khajidha ( talk) ( contributions) 15:49, 4 June 2024 (UTC) reply

In the context of (female) body shape, "thick" is usually a negative ("thick ankles"); when it's meant as a compliment, it's spelled " thicc". Matt Deres ( talk) 13:11, 4 June 2024 (UTC) reply

That's a recent formation. "Thick" was used for years and years before now. -- User:Khajidha ( talk) ( contributions) 15:55, 4 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Yes, but "thick" was not a compliment until it became "thicc". At least within the context of female beauty. You might say that a muscular guy was "thick", but thickness would go against the last century or so's stereotypes of feminine beauty. It would be like calling a girl "sturdy". Matt Deres ( talk) 18:40, 6 June 2024 (UTC) reply

I wasn't spelled "thicc" when Sir Mix-a-lot used it in "Baby Got Back" in the 1990s. -- User:Khajidha ( talk) ( contributions) 15:21, 7 June 2024 (UTC) reply

This should have been the top comment. Viriditas ( talk) 20:08, 10 June 2024 (UTC) reply

What's the world record for...

1. ...the largest peaceful gathering?
2. ...the smallest and largest food?
3. ...the longest amount of time spent on the FBI's Most Wanted List?
4. ...the most common type of restaurant (as in the cuisine they serve)?
5. ...the most subscribers achieved on YouTube within a single week?

47.153.138.166 ( talk) 22:53, 31 May 2024 (UTC) reply

For item 1, you can probably rule out soccer matches. For item 2, roast camel is pretty good sized. Meanwhile, bacteriophage viruses eat bacteria, which are pretty small. ← Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 01:57, 1 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Further, cursory Internet searches reveal 3) 32 years, for Victor Manuel Gerena and 5) supposedly around 10 million, for Hamster Kombat (the figure is corroborated here, but there isn't an easy way to definitively verify that this is indeed the highest ever achieved). I don't know that there's a meaningful answer to question 4 -- it depends on how you define "type"/"cuisine" and on what scale. There are apparently over twice as many restaurants in China than in any other country, and Chinese restaurants are fairly popular in India (more so than vice-versa), so if you consider "Chinese" to be a single "type" of restaurant that's probably a good guess. (fugues) ( talk) 05:15, 1 June 2024 (UTC) reply

For item 2, check whale blubber, though it doesn't state the species involved. -- Verbarson   ^talk _edits 16:28, 1 June 2024 (UTC) reply

For 1, see List of largest peaceful gatherings. -- Viennese Waltz 07:10, 1 June 2024 (UTC) reply

For item 2, are you asking specifically about human food? And how do you quantify the size of the food? A mustard seed is tiny, but mustard is often eaten as a paste. Is the food to be measured an individual seed, the amount squirted onto a single hot dog, or the contents of a 5 gallon bucket purchased at a membership store like CostCo? Restaurants serve steak in various sizes. Is the 8 oz sirloin the food to be measured or would it be the cow it was cut from? In another sense the "largest food" is a function of the size of the mouth of the person eating. --- User:Khajidha ( talk) ( contributions) 18:18, 3 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Some animals are bacteriovores, like e.g. Caenorhabditis elegans, which snacks on Escherichia coli bacteria. To this elegant nematode, a 0.6–0.7 μm³ bacterium is food.

The Guinness World Record for largest pizza is held by a pizza measuring 1,296.72 m². ^[2] (The photo makes me wonder, though. If you cover an area with overlapping pizzas, in the same manner as traditional shingles or roof tiles, does it become a single pizza?)  -- Lambiam 05:27, 5 June 2024 (UTC) reply

A sufficiently thin pizza could be delivered by Fax. Philvoids ( talk) 23:35, 5 June 2024 (UTC) reply

I think your link might not have worked correctly; it's pointing to the largest "causa", not "pizza". Matt Deres ( talk) 18:44, 6 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Largest pizza | Guinness World Records AlmostReadytoFly ( talk) 09:35, 11 June 2024 (UTC) reply

June 3 Information

I wonder if sinc/Lanczos interpolation is the best FFT bin interpolation method for "bandpower" spectrum (especially on lower frequencies part when using logarithmic frequency scale) because it approximates ${\displaystyle \int _{l}^{h}|{\widehat {f}}(x)|\,d\omega }$ where ${\displaystyle {\widehat {f}}(x)}$ is a discrete-time Fourier transform, in the best way when summation mode is set to "Sum" on my relevant CodePen project or is it? 2001:448A:3070:E3DA:7021:FEBA:971D:F9F6 ( talk) 22:27, 3 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Isn't this more of a maths desk kind of thing? -- Viennese Waltz 07:06, 4 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Not really. It is a question that audio engineers might be able to answer if they are knowledgeable about digital signal processing. In this context, there is no mathematical notion of how "good" a technique is. I know what FFT is, I know what interpolation is, but not what "FFT bin interpolation" is. You will not find the term "FFT bin" in a maths handbook.  -- Lambiam 14:46, 4 June 2024 (UTC) reply

@ Lambiam What I meant by "FFT bin interpolation" is the same interpolation is done on FFT bins, which is necessary for logarithmic frequency spectrum analyzers since FFT have limited resolution on lower frequencies (since it has linear frequency resolution as opposed to frequency bands, which in this case has logarithmic frequency scale) and sinc interpolation closely approximates the zero-padding I believe when the interpolation is done before conversion to magnitude FFT. 2001:448A:3070:E3DA:E523:AA53:7234:600A ( talk) 23:47, 4 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Yes. Wikipedia uses extended meanings of the useful term BIN for a partition or discrete interval in a range of values such as a Histogram bin, Data binning, a data pre-processing technique or Bin (computational geometry) a space partitioning data structure to enable fast region queries and nearest neighbor search. Philvoids ( talk) 22:31, 5 June 2024 (UTC) reply

It's unlikely that a volunteer here will shepherd the OP in their coding project on another web site but I can give references and a worked example that will be useful. The IEC standard 61672 for sound level meters gives much information on professional-standard audio spectral analysis.

A spectrum analysis in 1/3-octave steps implies using this bank of filters:

FILTER FREQUENCIES in Hz
       Band limits
Center Lower Upper

100   89.1   112
125    112   141
160    141   178
200    178   224
250    224   282
315    282   355
400    355   447
500    447   562
630    562   708
800    708   891
1000   891  1122
1250  1122  1413
1600  1413  1778
2000  1778  2239
2500  2239  2818
3150  2818  3548
4000  3548  4467
5000  4467  5623
6300  5623  7079
8000  7079  8913
10000 8913 11220

I distinguish two alternative approaches. 1) Bank of disparate filters, or 2) Single FFT with tailored bin allocations. In either case the effort in the project depends on the chosen goals for resolution in power and frequency, and whether a near real-time spectrum display is required. (Performing the latter with high precision demands dedicated hardware such as a DSP or FPGA.)

1) Bank of disparate filters The table defines 21 bandpass filters each of different widths, to be separately designed. The Butterworth bandpass design is optimised for flat response between its lower and upper half-power (-3dB) points. This means that other filter characteristics such as the out-of-band rolloff rates are neglected or "poorly" shaped. The best we can do is let adjacent filters overlap at their -3dB frequencies. Here is a worked example in Fortran to design a single Butterworth bandpass filter.

=====================================================

Example requirements

Change as required for each filter.
Band: 20 to 30 kHz
Sections: 5
Sampling interval: 10 usec

	DIMENSION A(5),B(5),C(5),D(5),E(5),GRAF(2.20)
	CALL BPDES(20000.,30000.,1.E-5,5,A,B,C,D,E,GRAF)
	DO 1 N=1,5
1	WRITE(5,2) N,A(N),B(N),C(N),D(N),E(N)
2	FORMAT(5(13,5E14.6))
	DO 3 N=1,20
	DB=10.*ALOG10(GRAF(2,N))
3	WRITE(5,4) GRAF(1,N),GRAF(2,N),DB
4	FORMAT(1X,3E15.6)
	STOP
	END

C - BPDES
C - BANDPASS BUTTERWORTH DIGITAL FILTER DESIGN SUBROUTINE
C - INPUTS ARE PASSBAND (3-DB) FREQUENCIES F1 AND F2 IN HZ.
C -            SAMPLING INTERVAL T IN SECONDS, AND
C -            NUMBER NS OF FILTER SECTIONS.
C - OUTPUTS ARE NS SETS OF FILTER COEFFICIENTS, I.E.
C -                 A(K) THRU E(K) FOR K=1 THRU NS, AND
C-              20 PAIRS OF FREQUENCY AND POWER GAIN, I.E.
C -                 GRAF(1,K) aND GRAF(2,K) FOR K=1 THRU 20.
C - NOTE THAT A(K) THRU E(K) AS WELL AS GRAF(2,20) MUST BE
C -      DIMENSIONED IN THE CALLING PROGRAM.
C -
C - THE DIGITAL FILTER HAS NS SECTIONS IN CASCADE. THE KTH
C -     SECTION HAS THE TRANSFER FUNCTION
C -
C -                  A(K)+(Z**4-2*Z**2+1)
C -     H(Z)=--------------------------------------
C -           Z**4+B(K)*Z**3+C(K)*Z**2+D(K)*Z+E(K)
C -
C - THUS, IF F(M) and G(M) ARE THE INPUT AND OUTPUT OF THE
C -     KTH SECTION AT TIME M*T, THEN
C - 
C -   G(M)=A(K)*(F(M)-2*F(M-2)+F(M-4))-B(K)*G(M-1)
C -          -C(K)*G(M-2)-D(K)*G(M-3)-E(K)*G(M-4)
C -
	SUBROUTINE BPDES(F1,F2,T,NS,A,B,C,D,E,GRAF)
	DIMENSION A(1),B(1),C(1),D(1),E(1),GRAF(2,20)
	PI=3.1415926536
	W1=SIN(F1*PI*T)/COS(F1*PI*T)
	W2=SIN(F2*PI*T)/COS(F2*PI*T)
	WC=W2-W1
	Q=WC*WC+2.*W1*W2
	S=W1*W1*W2*W2
	DO 150 K=1,NS
	CS=COS(FLOAT(2*(K+NS)-1)*PI/FLOAT(4*NS))
	P=-2.*WC*CS
	R=P*W1*W2
	X=1.+P+Q+R+S
	A(K)=WC*WC/X
	B(K)=(-4.-2.*P+2.*R+4.*S)/X
	C(K)=(6.-2.*Q+6.*S)/X
	D(K)=(-4.+2.*P-2.*R+4.*S)/X
150	E(K)=(1.-P+Q-R+S)/X
	DO 160 J=1,2
	DO 160 I=1,10
	K=I*(2-J)+(21-I)*(J-1)
	GRAF(2,K)=.01+.98*FLOAT(I-1)/9
	X=(1./GRAF(2,K)-1.)**(1./FLOAT(4+NS))
	SQ=SQRT(WC*WC*X*X+4.*W1*W2)
160	GRAF(1,K)=ABS(ATAN(.5*(WC*X+FLOAT(2*J-3)*SQ)))/(PI*T)
	RETURN
	END

=====================================================

The first WRITE statement above lists the coefficients of the 5-section filter:

K	A(K)	    	B(K)	C(K)		D(K)	E(K)

1	0.87451E-01	-0.*	0.14818E+01	-0.*	0.83158E+00
2	0.75377E-01 	-0.*	0.12772E+01	-0.*	0.57872E+00
3	0.67455E-01	-0.*	0.11430E+01	-0.*	0.41280E+00
4	0.62671E-01	-0.*	0.10619E+01	-0.*	0.31258E+00
5	0.60417E-01	-0.*	0.10237E+01	-0.*	0.26538E+00

Values of B(K) and D(K) are theoretically zero in this case but show tiny rounding errors.

The second WRITE statement lists 20 points on the power gain curve of the resulting filter.

This confirms -3dB gains at F1 and F2 and you can assess the overlap between adjacent filters.

FREQ (HZ)	       POWER GAIN	POWER GAIN (DB)
 	
10 points on lower	::::::::	::::::::
skirt including F1 

10 points on upper
skirt including F2	::::::::	::::::::
=====================================================

The reference for the above program is "Digital Signal Analysis" by Samuel D. Stearns, 1975 Hayden. An updated version that includes an IBM floppy disc is "Digital Signal Analysis" by Samuel D. Stearns and Don R. Rush, 1990 Hayden.

2) Single FFT with tailored bin allocations

A possible FFT specification:

	Sample rate: 32,768 samples/second
	Inputs: 3,276 real, imaginary components zero
	Outputs: 3,276 power squared (I² + Q²)
This implements 3,275 bandpass filters 10 times a second.

To obtain the overall level in any bandwidth, sum the squared levels of each FFT bin in the band, divide by the number of bins, and take the square root. Where the FFT bin -3dB points do not match the desired 1/3-octave steps, share the bin powers across borders as in this example:

FREQUENCIES in Hz
1/3-OCTAVE FILTER (example)   
       Band limits           ADD THESE FFT BINS   Weight
Center Lower Upper           Center Lower  Upper
125    112                   110    105    115     30%
                             120    115    125    100%
                             130    125    135    100%
             141             140    135    145     40%

More analysis filter resolution at low frequencies will need FFT process of longer sound streams than 0.1 second while analysis to higher audio frequencies will need a higher sample rate. Pursuing both these aims will increase demand on the FFT computation, give a slower result or need more expensive hardware. I do not think that alternative filter designs from the analog world offer a shortcut. Philvoids ( talk) 23:25, 5 June 2024 (UTC) reply

June 5 Information

Does anyone know if the country of France does and did (c. 1976) require incoming persons to have a passport, regardless of status as deceased? In reference to an event up for discussion at Ramesses II. Temerarius ( talk) 18:50, 5 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Why would a corpse need a passport? ← Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 20:52, 5 June 2024 (UTC) reply

@ Temerarius: There is some information at Agreement_on_the_Transfer_of_Corpses and Travel_document#Laissez-passers. There are two main treaties, from 1973 and 1937. France has signed the later one but Egypt signed the earlier one, so not sure which would apply in the case you refer to. Perhaps the mummy was not in a coffin that met the standard required by the treaty and so some other arrangement needed to be made. You might want to check for French newspaper reporting on the subject at the time it reportedly happened. RudolfRed ( talk) 21:25, 5 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Good tip, know any good French search terms for it? Temerarius ( talk) 01:40, 6 June 2024 (UTC) reply

The claim that Ramesses II was issued an Egyptian passport is presented as a fact on this page on the website of the History Channel and repeated here on the website of the National Geographic.  -- Lambiam 07:08, 6 June 2024 (UTC) reply

And it is disputed in this France24 article]. To me it doesn't seem plausible that France (who wanted Ramesses to come) should have insisted on something like a passport. Queen Elizabeth II. famously did not have a passport, yet they let her into the country repeatedly. It seems obvious though, that Ramesses' visit was accompanied by a lot of paperwork, certainly including documents with identification, detailed description and presumably photographs of the mummy — the Egyptians should have insisted on that, after all they wanted their Ramesses back and not some random Jean-Jacques, and if possible undamaged, too. Call one of these documents a "passport" if you like, but the idea of a standard-format passport seems rather ludicrous — except maybe as a publicity stunt, but then I guess we would have found pictures of it. -- Wrongfilter ( talk) 08:33, 6 June 2024 (UTC) reply

The comparison to Queen Elizabeth II is particularly fitting given that, like her, Ramesses was a head of state. (What would they put in the "citizenship" field? I doubt Ramesses would be very happy at the suggestion that he was a citizen of a republic, and "He of Sedge and Bee" might cause confusion at border control.) Proteus (Talk) 12:23, 6 June 2024 (UTC) reply

The idea that the head of a state is not a citizen of said state seems ludicrous to me. Of course, the entire concept of royalty also seems ludicrous to me.-- User:Khajidha ( talk) ( contributions) 12:27, 6 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Your UK passport was the Queen's letter that you may travel. So she didn't need one. Practical royal prerogatives like this don't extend to cadavers.

Temerarius ( talk) 19:57, 9 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Lambiam (and any others who didn't click through), according to Talk:Ramesses II § A mummy with a passport (redux), the article added a claim about mummy passports in November 2006, so any "RS" statements that postdate the unsourced addition to the article – such as history.com 2013 and National Geographic 2018 – may very well be the result of WP:CITOGENESIS. We'll need a pre-2006 source to establish veracity. Folly Mox ( talk) 12:19, 6 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Mummies need passed-ports. Clarityfiend ( talk) 08:34, 10 June 2024 (UTC) reply

In 1974, experts discovered that Ramses II's skin was being destroyed by a mysterious infection. The royal mummy was flown to Paris three years later for medical treatment. International regulations required him to have a passport, which gave his occupation as "King (deceased)". When he arrived in France, a team of conservators successfully cured the infection, which turned out to be a fungus...

Putnam, James (1998). Ancient Egyptians. London: DK Publishing. p. 122. ISBN  978-0789414090.

Alansplodge ( talk) 18:38, 10 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Fact check by French news agency Agence France-Presse disputes the story and points to a possible origin of the confusion. -- Wrongfilter ( talk) 19:35, 10 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Wow, in the dummy they used the same photo I attached the factoid to. Funny. In the link it looks like they were using "passporte" a bit informally to describe the documentation. Good work all! That's a fun investigation.

Temerarius ( talk) 22:51, 10 June 2024 (UTC) reply

The spelling is passeport. Placed between scare guillemets, the term was obviously not meant to be taken literally.  -- Lambiam 09:46, 11 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Wrongfilter, please could you copy that link to the talk page discussion at Talk:Ramesses II § A mummy with a passport (redux)? Alansplodge ( talk) 15:09, 11 June 2024 (UTC) reply

June 6 Information

I've been writing an article on a local history event in the 1970s and I'd like to check if some of the people involved are still alive. The UK online archives seem to be of the wrong date range or behind paywalls - what do people use on Wikipedia for looking up dates of death? LicenceToCrenellate ( talk) 17:37, 6 June 2024 (UTC) reply

@ LicenceToCrenellate: In these circumstances, I would always look on the British Newspaper Archive first. Although it is paywalled, I have a subscription and would be happy to search for details. Hassocks 5489 (Floreat Hova!) 17:42, 6 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Thank you! I'll dig out some details tomorrow and drop you a message on your talk page, if that's okay? I dont have a lot of information about them, but I'd like to give you as much as I can. LicenceToCrenellate ( talk) 18:13, 6 June 2024 (UTC) reply

That's fine; if I find anything I will either edit the article directly or will let you know on your talk page. Hassocks 5489 (Floreat Hova!) 18:33, 6 June 2024 (UTC) reply

If you know where the person is buried, you may be able to get the information from findagrave.com -- SGBailey ( talk) 06:59, 13 June 2024 (UTC) reply

June 9 Information

Over a decade ago, I once saw some videos that featured several fictional robots that were each interested in doing something that Watson could already do. In each video, one of the robots was interviewed. For example, one video showed a robot talking about how it wants to help improve air quality in Beijing, to which the interviewer responds that Beijing's smog problem is "a bit more complicated than that". In another video, another robot talks about how "Back in my day, vacuum tubes were" and I forget the rest of what it said, but I hope you get the idea. – MrPersonHumanGuy ( talk) 15:36, 1 May 2024 (UTC) reply

Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
Relisting comment: I've seen this done with RfD discussions, so I don't see why I shouldn't try to do a similar thing with my unanswered Reference Desk question. (though I can see how this would be annoying if someone were to continuously repeat questions that have already received plenty of responses)
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, ~~~~

If no one can answer my question at the moment, then I need to know that. Total silence isn't always a helpful way to get that point across.

My best guess is that nobody else scrolling through this page was familiar with the particular videos I was trying to describe. – MrPersonHumanGuy ( talk) 21:20, 9 June 2024 (UTC) reply

That would be an excellent guess. ← Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 23:52, 9 June 2024 (UTC) reply

It is, however, not more than a guess. I guess that nobody who saw this question knows for certain that nobody who saw this question can answer it, so no one of us can reply, "No one here can answer your question." One might reply, "Perhaps nobody seeing this question can answer it." This might be added to any question that has gone unanswered. A bot might even automatically add this to any question when it is posted, so we don't need to do this.  -- Lambiam 07:07, 10 June 2024 (UTC) reply

I thought the question was odd. I don't recall ever seeing these videos, and for the most part, I keep on top of some of this stuff (I take a few months off from popular culture and media every year for my own health, so I do end up missing some things). Was this video only seen in China? Viriditas ( talk) 20:05, 10 June 2024 (UTC) reply

I'm not sure how any RefDesk editor can be expected to know that other editors don't know the answer to a question. Alansplodge ( talk) 11:53, 12 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Hi. I'll come straight to the point. Could the watch worn by referee Nicolae Rainea (centre) during the 1983 European Cup final between Hamburg Juventus have been a digital watch? Although you can't actually see very well from the picture. Thank you. https://www.google.it/search?q=nicolae+rainea1983&client=safari&sca_esv=df90e1279361e6f3&channel=iphone_bm&udm=2&biw=2133&bih=1021&sxsrf=ADLYWIKaUvinrW_lzo6DvF6Oc_RJL66vRA%3A1717975888430&ei=UDtmZrXyGbv67_UPgqaeiAM&ved=0ahUKEwi12r_01s-GAxU7_bsIHQKTBzEQ4dUDCBE&uact=5&oq=nicolae+rainea1983&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiEm5pY29sYWUgcmFpbmVhMTk4M0jcJFAAWJ4ecAB4AJABAJgBT6ABsweqAQIxNLgBA8gBAPgBAZgCBqACugPCAgYQABgHGB7CAggQABgHGAgYHpgDAJIHATagB8wW&sclient=gws-wiz-serp#vhid=4sFduiXQ7Yh2IM&vssid=mosaic 93.148.11.229 ( talk) 23:34, 9 June 2024 (UTC) reply

It could have been. Digital displays were common by then. I doubt you'll find a reference for such a trivial question. Shantavira| ^{feed me} 08:20, 10 June 2024 (UTC) reply

By 1980, digital watches were cheap enough that anyone could buy one. I got my first one in 1979. By 1983, they were so common and cheap that they began coming out with digital watches that also had games on them like PacMan. So, not only could he have had a digital watch, he could have had a digital watch with a soccer game built into it. 75.136.148.8 ( talk) 15:11, 10 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Zooming in on some of the better images, it looks a bit like a Swatch, which was launched in the spring of that year, but it's hard to be certain. Alansplodge ( talk) 18:15, 10 June 2024 (UTC) reply

It looks like an analog watch to me. If I were a referee I would not like a digital display without seconds pointer that rounds off to the nearest whole minute and I get too much real soccer to need more pretend soccer game. Philvoids ( talk) 10:16, 12 June 2024 (UTC) reply

I agree it's analogue. It is much quicker and easier to read an analogue watch. It's difficult enough to keep an eye on the action at the same time as timekeeping. Shantavira| ^{feed me} 10:53, 12 June 2024 (UTC) reply

"It is much quicker and easier to read an analogue watch" Wouldn't that vary from person to person? -- User:Khajidha ( talk) ( contributions) 18:49, 12 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Why do you assume that a digital watch wouldn't indicate seconds? I had a digital watch back then that could show hours, minutes, and seconds. And could also display the date or function as a stopwatch. (Not to mention that it could also transform into a toy robot.) -- User:Khajidha ( talk) ( contributions) 18:48, 12 June 2024 (UTC) reply

I made no such categorical assumption and like not the provocative Straw man questioning. As a referee watching the conduct of 22 soccer players I would be merely irritated by a watch that keeps flashing ..53 54 55 56 57 58.. seconds, that threatens to turn into a toy robot or that shows phases of the Moon, whether you could buy such watches in 1983 or not. Philvoids ( talk) 08:46, 13 June 2024 (UTC) reply

June 11 Information

OK, now that I've clarified where this question is coming from, here it is again: if the Federal Reserve was abolished, what effect would it have on the money supply? My educated guess as a non-expert is that it would greatly decrease the money supply -- is that correct? 2601:646:8082:BA0:E19D:4C11:C950:1DA8 ( talk) 03:44, 11 June 2024 (UTC) reply

Money is not created by the Federal Reserve, which is a system, but by banks providing credit to customers. I assume that "abolishing the Federal Reserve" also removes the banking regulation and supervision assigned by law to the Federal Reserve, and thereby the capital requirement that is meant to ensure that banks do not overextend the credits granted and remain solvent, that is, can honour their obligations to depositors. As the brakes are removed, the immediate effect is most likely a huge influx of newly created, easy money. The FDIC will be unable to keep providing deposit insurance, which depends on the assumption that the banks are regulated. Some banks will fail spectacularly and take others with them, and as depositors see their deposits are not safe they will want to see cash – bank runs will ensue. As banks go serially belly up and the economy contracts to a depression that becomes world-wide, the money that was abundantly available will dry up.  -- Lambiam 05:50, 11 June 2024 (UTC) reply

The abolition of the Fed would only arise under extreme political circumstances that cannot be ignored in favor of a purely economic answer, except in some fantasy world. In that world, the author would decide what would make a good story. In the real world, the most likely outcome would be a combination of hoarding and skyrocketing inflation, arising from a comprehensive loss of faith in both institutions and the currency. DOR (ex-HK) ( talk) 17:08, 11 June 2024 (UTC) reply

There are people who actually advocate the idea. Which is better, to ignore them, because they live in a fantasy world, or explain why this is maybe not the best idea, as long as the economy is still based on money?  -- Lambiam 19:22, 11 June 2024 (UTC) reply

June 12 Information

Hi, I'm looking for tarot decks by renowned illustrators to print. Hebrew letter inclusion a plus. Temerarius ( talk) 15:12, 12 June 2024 (UTC) reply

There are loads of images on Commons that are identified as being "Tarot". The image quality varies a lot, but it's a free option to start your search. Matt Deres ( talk) 19:55, 12 June 2024 (UTC) reply

June 13 Information

I already saw the scrapped Pilot AI for Titanfall 2 single-player campaign many times and I wonder why that such thing were cut from TF|2 campaign and are there other first-person shooter single-player games where players have wallrunning ability and there are also enemies that have same abilities as you including wallrunning (much like the Evolved from Prototype 2 has similar set of abilities to the player)? And what is most difficult part for wallrunning in enemy AI to implement in a hypothetical singleplayer campaign of third Titanfall installment? 2001:448A:3070:E47D:A9C7:4A5A:80E5:29EF ( talk) 11:14, 13 June 2024 (UTC) reply

ISO 7010 gives standards for signs. It includes prohibition signs (red border circles, most with a diagonal strikeout); Warning signs (red border triangles); Mandatory signs (blue circles); and emergency signs. Is there a standard for "Permissive signs"? (Eg the oppositite of "No dogs" being "Dogs are permitted" rather than "Dogs are required"? -- SGBailey ( talk) 17:04, 13 June 2024 (UTC) reply

ISO 7010 does not explicitly use the term "permissive signs", it does standardize a category of green "safe condition" signs that convey permitted or allowed actions. These signs typically have a green background with a white symbol or text. The design principles for these permissive symbols are outlined in ISO 3864-3, ^{[3] [4]} -- 136.54.106.120 ( talk) 20:44, 13 June 2024 (UTC) reply

In free countries, at least, the lack of a warning or prohibiting sign would imply permission. ← Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 21:10, 13 June 2024 (UTC) reply

However there are some situations - buildings, locations - where a sign could contradict assumptions, saying something like "photography permitted", "firearms permitted on premises", "designated smoking area", or "nude beach". Just in case anybody was being too meek.  Card Zero   (talk) 22:06, 13 June 2024 (UTC) reply

In those cases, there is no lack of a sign. I'm reminded of an old story: A guy's looking for a parking space. He sees a bunch of parked cars. He asks a cop, "Can I park there?" The cop says, "No." The guy says, "What about those others?" The cop says, "They didn't ask." ← Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 22:49, 13 June 2024 (UTC) reply

June 14 Information