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Year | Microbiologist | Country | Contribution summary | |||||
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1860 |
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Ignaz Semmelweis | Hungarian | developed statistical analysis that demonstrated that rigorous hand-washing techniques and rules in the maternity ward significantly reduced the mortality of women giving birth in the hospital setting. [1] | ||||
36BC | Marcus Terentius Varro | Roman | earliest proposal of the germ theory. [2] [3] [4] | |||||
1884 | Hans Christian Gram | Denmark | Developed the gram-staining technique that is used to identify and classify bacteria. [5] | |||||
1898 |
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Kiyoshi Shiga | isolated a cause of bacterial dysentery. [5] [6] | |||||
1880 | Charles Lavaran | France | discovered malaria is caused by a protozoan. [5] | |||||
1951 |
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Max Theiler | South Africa | Received the Nobel Prized in Physiology and Medicine "for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it" [7] | ||||
1870 |
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Joseph Lister | Scotland | created and applied aseptic surgical technique. [5] [8] | ||||
1765 |
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Lazzaro Spallanzani | Italian | proved that bacteria did not arise due to spontaneous generation by developing the sealed, sterile broth medium. [5] [9] | ||||
1901 |
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Emil Adolf von Behring | Germany | The Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine" for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths" [10] | ||||
1861 |
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Louis Pasteur | French | developed the germ theory of disease, identified yeast as the responsible agent in fermentation, developed pasteurization, proved that bacteria do not arise spontaneously, trained other microbiologists. [5] | ||||
1884 |
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Fannie Hess | German | Discovered the use of agar agar that is used in bacterial culturing. [5] [11] | ||||
1796 |
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Edward Jenner | English | discovered and applied vaccination techniques against smallpox. [5] | ||||
1673 |
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Antony van Leeuwenhoek | Dutch/Holland | developed lens grinding and the first microscope. provided the first description of 'animicules', protozoans, fungi and bacteria. | ||||
1952 |
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Selman Abraham Waksman | United States | received the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for the identification of streptomycin; an antibiotic effective against tuberculosis" [12] | ||||
1902 |
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Sir Ronald Ross |
United Kingdom India |
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it" [13] | ||||
1905 |
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Robert Koch | Germany | The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis" [14] | ||||
1907 |
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Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran | France | The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases" [15] | ||||
1927 |
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Julius Wagner-Jauregg | Austria | The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica" [16] | ||||
1928 |
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Charles Jules Henri Nicolle | France | "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on typhus" [17] | ||||
1939 |
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Gerhard Domagk | Germany | The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil" [18] | ||||
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1945 |
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Sir Alexander Fleming | United Kingdom | The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases" [19] | ||||
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Sir Ernst Boris Chain | United Kingdom | ||||||
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Howard Walter Florey | Australia |
"Precautions must also be taken in the neighborhood of swamps...because certain minute creatures grow there which cannot be seen by the eyes, which float in the air and enter the through the mouth and nose and there cause serious diseases.
Category:Microbiologists Category:Microbiologists by nationality