| Chronic myelogenous leukemia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) |
 | |
| The Philadelphia chromosome as seen by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). | |
| Specialty | Hematology and oncology |
| Symptoms | Early: None, tiredness, left upper
abdominal pain
[1] Later: Headache, bone pain, fever, enlarged lymph nodes [1] |
| Complications | Bleeding, priapism [1] |
| Usual onset | 56 years old [1] |
| Risk factors | Atomic bomb exposure [1] |
| Diagnostic method | Complete blood cell count (CBC), cytogenetic testing [1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Other causes of leukocytosis, chronic neutrophilic leukemia, polycythemia vera [1] |
| Prognosis | Five-year survival rate 70% [2] |
| Frequency | 298,000 (2015) [3] |
| Deaths | 32,200 (2015) [4] |
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), also known as chronic myeloid leukemia, is a type of cancer which involves white blood cells, primarily granulocytes. [1] Both the blood and bone marrow are affected. [1] At the time of diagnosis about half of people have no symptoms. [1] Early symptoms may include tiredness and left upper abdominal pain due to an enlarged spleen. [1] Later symptoms may include headache, bone pain, fever, and enlarged lymph nodes. [1] Complications may include bleeding and priapism. [1]
Few risk factors have been defined, though it is more common among those who survived the atomic bomb. [1] More than 90% of those affected have a Philadelphia chromosome which forms due to a chromosomal translocation. [1] It is a type of myeloproliferative neoplasm. [1] The diagnosis is suspected based on a complete blood cell count (CBC) and confirmed by cytogenetic testing. [1] The disease can be divided into three phases, chronic, accelerated, and blastic. [5]
Treatment is with a group of medications known as tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs). [1] These includes imatinib, bosutinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib. [1] Other options may include bone marrow transplant and omacetaxine. [1] With the availability of TKIs the five-year survival rate has increased from 33% to more than 70%. [1] [2]
About 0.9 per 100,000 people are newly affected per year. [1] The typical age of diagnosis is around 56 years old. [1] In Western countries, it accounts for 20% of adult leukemias. [6] It is rare in children. [5] The underlying cause was determined in 1960 By Nowell and Hungerford. [7]
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References
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w Eden, RE; Coviello, JM (January 2020). "Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia".
PMID
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{{ cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=( help) - ^ a b "Chronic Myeloid Leukemia - Cancer Stat Facts". SEER. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, et al. (GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators) (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
- ^ Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, et al. (GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators) (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
- ^ a b "Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version - National Cancer Institute". www.cancer.gov. 11 May 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ "Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology". 26 August 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ Soiffer, Robert J. (2004). Stem Cell Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-59259-733-8.