The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Mosul, Iraq.
Prior to 16th century
| History of Iraq |
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Iraq portal |
- 570 CE - Mar Ishaya (monastery) founded across river from Ninevah; surrounding settlement later develops. [1]
- 641 CE - Arab forces of Utba bin Farqad take fortress in settlement. [1]
- 847 CE - 24 November: Earthquake.
- 874/875 CE - Taghlibi Khidr bin Ahmad becomes governor. [1]
- 880 CE - Ishaq ibn Kundaj becomes governor. [1]
- 892 - Mosul besieged by forces of Harun bin Sulayman and Banu Shayban. [1]
- 907 - Hamdanids in power. [1]
- 990s - Syrian Uqaylids in power. [2]
- 1095/1096 - Seljuqs in power. [1]
- 1127/1128 - Seljuqs ousted by Imad ad-Din Zengi. [1]
- 1146 - Saif ad-Din Ghazi I in power.
- 1170 - Great Mosque of al-Nuri construction begins. [3]
- 1182 - Mosul besieged by forces of Saladin during rule of Izz ad-Din Mas'ud. [1]
- 1185 - Mosul again besieged by forces of Saladin. [1]
- 1224 - Mosul taken by forces of Badr al-Din Lu'lu'. [3]
- 1239 - Mashhad Imam Yahya ibn al-Qasim (mausoleum) built near city. [3]
- 1248 - Imam Awn al-Din shrine built. [4]
- 1258 - Mosul sacked by forces of Hulagu Khan. [5]
- 1262 - July: Mosul taken by Mongol forces. [6]
16th–19th centuries
- 1516 - Ottomans in power. [6]
- 1535 - Ottoman administrative Mosul Eyalet created.
- 1623 - Mosul taken by Persian forces (approximate date). [7]
- 1625 - Persians ousted; Ottomans in power again. [7]
- 1719 - Sari Mustafa becomes governor. [8]
- 1730 - Hussein Jalili appointed governor.
- 1733 - Mosul besieged by forces of Nadir Khan. [7]
- 1743 - Siege of Mosul (1743) by Persian forces. [7]
- 1745 - Battle of Mosul (1745) fought in vicinity of city.
- 1826 - Unrest; governor Yahya al-Jalili ousted. [7]
- 1839 - Ottoman administrative reform begins per Edict of Gülhane. [6]
- 1854 - "Rebellion" against administrative reform. [6]
20th century
- 1920 - Population: 703,378 in vilayet (province). [9]
- 1926 - Mosul becomes part of the Kingdom of Iraq per League of Nations ruling.
- 1947 - Population: 133,625 in city; 595,190 in province. [10]
- 1957 - Mosul football club formed.
- 1960 - Ash-Shabibah newspaper published.
- 1965 - Population: 264,146. [11]
- 1967 - University of Mosul founded.
- 1969
- Mosul Spring Festival begins.
- National Insurance Company built. [3]
- 1970 - Population: 310,313 (estimate). [12]
- 1986 - Mosul Dam begins operating near city.
- 1987 - Population: 664,221. [13]
21st century
- 2003 - March–May: 2003 invasion of Iraq by U.S.-led forces; Mosul International Airport occupied.
- 2004
- 24 June: 2004 Mosul bombings.
- November: Battle of Mosul (2004).
- 2007 - 23 April: April 2007 Mosul massacre.
- 2008 - Ninawa campaign.
- 2013 - April: Anti-government protest. [14]
- 2014
- 4–10 June: Mosul taken by forces of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. [15]
- June: Mass executions in ISIL occupied Mosul begin.
- 16–19 August: Battle for Mosul Dam fought near city.
- 2015 - January: Mosul offensive (2015).
- 2016 - October: Battle of Mosul (2016–17) begins. [15]
- 2017
Images
-
Spring Festival, est. 1969
See also
- History of Mosul
- List of rulers of Mosul
- Nineveh, ancient Assyrian city located across river from present-day Mosul
- Timelines of other cities in Iraq: Baghdad, Basra
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Bosworth 2007.
- ^ Griffin 1996.
- ^ a b c d "Mosul". ArchNet. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
-
^ Saeed Al-Dewachi. "Mosul".
Oxford Art Online.
{{ cite web}}: Missing or empty|url=( help) Retrieved 23 June 2017 - ^ Dougherty 2013.
- ^ a b c d Shields 2000.
- ^ a b c d e Agoston 2009.
- ^ Khoury 1997.
- ^ "Mesopotamia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl: 2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
-
^
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants".
Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) -
^
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants".
1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) - ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2001. United Nations Statistics Division.
- ^ Iraq police and gunmen die in Mosul clashes, BBC News, 25 April 2013
- ^ a b "Iraq Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 16 August 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
- ^ "Mosul's landmark Great Mosque of al-Nuri to be rebuilt", BBC News, 24 April 2018
Bibliography
Published in 19th century
- Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823). "Mosul". A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.). New Haven: S. Converse.
- "Mosul". Edinburgh Gazetteer (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. 1829.
- Josiah Conder (1834). "Mosul". Dictionary of Geography, Ancient and Modern. London: T. Tegg.
- William Francis Ainsworth (1842). "City of Mosul". Travels and Researches in Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Chaldea, and Armenia. London: John W. Parker. hdl: 2027/mdp.39015011385054.
-
Edward Balfour, ed. (1871).
"Mosul". Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia (2nd ed.). Madras.
{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) - William Francis Ainsworth (1888).
"First Visit to Mosul and Ninevah". Personal Narrative of the Euphrates Expedition. London.
{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) - Charles Wilson, ed. (1895). "Mosul". Handbook for Travellers in Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, Persia, etc. London: John Murray. ISBN 9780524062142. OCLC 8979039.
Published in 20th century
- Friedrich Sarre; Ernst Herzfeld. Archäologische Reise im Euphrat- und Tigris-Gebiet (in German). Vol. 2. Berlin. pp. 203–305. OCLC 491984252. 1911–1920
- "Mosul". Palestine and Syria (5th ed.). Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1912.
- E. Honigmann (1993) [1927]. "Mosul". Encyclopedia of Islam. Leiden: Brill. pp. 609–611. via Google Books
- Th. Lefebvre (1927).
"Le Vilayet de Mossoul".
Annales de Géographie (in French). 36 – via
Persée.
- Percy Kemp (1983). "Power and Knowledge in Jalili Mosul". Middle Eastern Studies. 19 (2): 201–212. doi: 10.1080/00263208308700543. ISSN 0026-3206.
- Percy Kemp (1983). "History and Historiography in Jalili Mosul". Middle Eastern Studies. 19 (3): 345–376. doi: 10.1080/00263208308700555.
- "Iraq: Mosul", Middle East, Australia: Lonely Planet, 1994, p. 309+, OL 16516298W
- Jacqueline Griffin (1996). "Mosul". In Trudy Ring (ed.). Middle East and Africa. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Routledge. pp. 522+. ISBN 9781884964039.
- Dina Rizk Khoury (1997). State and Provincial Society in the Ottoman Empire: Mosul, 1540-1834. Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521894301.
- Sarah D. Shields (2000). Mosul before Iraq: Like Bees Making Five-Sided Cells. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-4487-0.
Published in 21st century
- Peter Sluglett (2002), "Mosul", in David Levinson and Karen Christensen (ed.), Encyclopedia of Modern Asia, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons, ISBN 0684806177
- Reeva S. Simon (2004), "Mosul", in Philip Mattar (ed.), Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa, NY: Macmillan Reference USA, ISBN 0028657691
- C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Mosul". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. pp. 412+. ISBN 978-9004153882.
- Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008). "Mosul". Cities of the Middle East and North Africa. Santa Barbara, US: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1576079195.
- Gabor Agoston; Bruce Alan Masters, eds. (2009). "Mosul". Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Facts on File. pp. 394–395. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7.
- "Mosul". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009.
- Beth K. Dougherty; Edmund A. Ghareeb (2013). "Mawsil". Historical Dictionary of Iraq (2nd ed.). Maryland, US: Scarecrow Press. p. 422. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Mosul.
- Items related to Mosul, various dates (via Qatar Digital Library)
- Items related to Mosul, various dates (via Europeana)
- Items related to Mosul, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)