The following is a
timeline of the
history of the city of
Homs ,
Syria .
Prior to 7th century
7th–19th centuries
636 –
Siege of Emesa , city was captured by
Rashidun Caliphate .
750 –
Abbasids wrested control of Homs.
855 – Christian population revolted in response to
additional taxation under the reign of Caliph
al-Mutawakkil .
[3]
891 –
al-Yaqubi noted that Homs was situated along a broad river (
Orontes River ) which served as a source of drinking water for the inhabitants.
[4]
944 –
Hamdanids took control of the city.
975 –
Byzantine empire under
John Tzimiskes took control of the city.
1090 –
Seljuk Turks occupied Homs under the leadership of
Aq Sunqur al-Hajib .
[5]
1149 – The
Mosul -based
Zengids under
Nur al-Din captured the city.
[6]
1154 –
Al-Idrisi mentioned that Homs was populous, contained open markets, and was frequented by travelers. The residents were pleasant; living with them is easy. The women are beautiful and are celebrated for their fine skin."
[7]
1164 –
Asad ad-Din Shirkuh became Homs'
fief , later known as “Emir of Homs”.
1175 –
Saladin gained control of the city.
1225 –
Yaqut al-Hamawi mentioned that Homs was large, celebrated and walled, having a strongly fortified castle on its southern hill.
[8]
1355 –
Ibn Batuta visited Homs, writing that it had fine trees and good markets.
1400 –
Timur seized the city. Nevertheless, he did not sack it as he did in
Aleppo ,
Hama and later
Damascus , due to a man called “‘Amr bin al-Rawas” who conciled with him offering precious gifts to save the city.
[9]
1510 – al-Fadl bin Nu'ayr was sent on an expedition by the governor of Damascus to loot the city markets.
[6]
1516 –
Ottoman Turks in power.
1549 –
Homs Sanjak was created as part of Ottoman
Aleppo Eyalet .
1579 – Homs is under Ottoman
Tripoli Eyalet .
1785 – French traveler,
Volney wrote of the city's once great importance and its current "miserable" condition.
1832–1840 – city was occupied by
Muhammad Ali's Egypt led by
Ibrahim Pasha .
[10]
[11]
1855 –
National Evangelical School was founded by American missionaries.
[12]
1860s – The city rebelled against Egyptian rule and consequently, the citadel was destroyed when the Egyptians suppressed the revolt. Ottoman rule was soon restored.
[6]
1864 – Homs became part of Ottoman
Syria Vilayet .
1870s – Homs' economic importance was boosted again during the depression of the 1870s, as its cotton industry boomed due to a decline European textile production. One British consul referred to Homs as the "
Manchester of Syria."
[6]
1887 –
Al Ghassania Orthodox School was established.
[13]
20th century
1907 – Population: 65,000 (estimate).
[2]
1908–1913 –
Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque was consecrated.
1918 – Homs was
captured by the
5th Cavalry Division of the Allied forces in October 1918. Later on, it became part of the
French Mandate of Syria .
1922 – Homs Museum's ground floor was established, 1st floor finished in 1949, and 2nd floor in 1963.
[14]
1925 – The city joined
Damascus and the southern
Druze chieftains in a full-blown
revolt against French rule.
[15]
1928 –
Al-Karamah SC was formed.
1930s
An oil pipeline between
Tripoli and
Kirkuk was built in Homs, and it followed an ancient caravan route between Palmyra and the Mediterranean.
The famous old Clock Tower, facing al-Hamidiya Street, was built by the French.
1932 – The French moved their
military academy from Damascus to Homs to be established in 1933, later known as
Homs Military Academy ,
[16] and it remained the only military academy in Syria until 1967.
[17]
1937 –
Al-Wathba SC was formed.
1959 – An oil refinery was built to process oil for domestic consumption.
[6] The city's oil refinery was bombed by the
Israeli Air Force (IAF) during the 1973
Yom Kippur War .
[18]
1960
1973 – Culture House Theater was established.
[20]
1979 –
Al-Baath University was established.
1981 – Population: 346,871 (estimate).
[21]
1994 – Population: 540,133 (estimate).
[22]
2000 –
Bassel al-Assad Stadium with a capacity of 25,000 was inaugurated.
[23]
21st century
See also
References
^ Dumper, 2007, p. 171.
^
a
b Cook, 1907, p. 362.
^ Gil, 1997, pp. 296–97.
^ le Strange, 1890, p. 353.
^ Dumper, 2007, p. 172.
^
a
b
c
d
e Dumper, 2007, p. 173.
^ le Strange, 1890, p. 354.
^
Yaqut al-Hamawi quoted in le Strange, 1890, p. 356.
^
Mohammad Amin Sheikho (2011).
حقيقة تيمورلنك العظيم تظهر في القرن الواحد والعشرين- الجزء الثاني (in Arabic). دار نور البشير. p. 43.
^ Collelo, Thomas (1987).
"Syria – Ottoman Empire" . Syria: A Country Study . GPO for the Library of Congress. Retrieved 28 February 2009 .
^ Shaw, 1977, p. 33
^
"Rev. H.H. Jessup Dead" (PDF) .
The New York Times . 29 April 1910.
^
معالم حمص ومشيداتها الأثرية: المدرسة الغسانية.. منارة للعلم والثقافة خلال قرن من الزمن . Zaman Alwsl (in Arabic). 1 February 2014.
^
متحف حمص . Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums (in Arabic). 13 December 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2017 .
^ Cleveland, 2000, p. 215.
^
"Military Training" . All Refer . Retrieved 3 December 2017 .
^ Commins, 2004, p. 130.
^ Seale, 2007, p. 210.
^ Winckler, 1998, p. 72.
^
افتتاح مسرح دار الثقافة بحمص.. مشوح: نجهد للارتقاء بالفكر الثقافي . Discover-Syria (in Arabic). 27 June 2014. Retrieved 2 November 2017 .
^ Population Census Report (1981), Central Bureau of Statistics
^ PUN Demographic Yearbook (1999)
^
Bassel al-Assad Stadium in Homs
^
General Census of Population and Housing 2004 .
Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Homs Governorate. (in Arabic)
^
"Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants" , Demographic Yearbook – 2018 , United Nations
^ Nicholas Blanford (8 May 2014).
"Retreat from Homs: Assad conquers cradle of revolution" . The Times . United Kingdom.
Bibliography
Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E.; Abu-Lughod, Janet L. (2007).
Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia . ABC-CLIO.
ISBN
978-1-57607-919-5 . .
Cook, Thomas (1907).
Cook's Handbook for Palestine and Syria . Thos. Cook & Son. p.
362 . Homs population. .
Gil, Moshe (1997) [1983].
A History of Palestine, 634–1099 . Translated by Ethel Broido. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
ISBN
0-521-59984-9 . .
le Strange, Guy (1890).
Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500 . Committee of the
Palestine Exploration Fund . p.
493 .
ISBN
978-0-404-56288-5 . Lajjun Guy le Strange. .
Shaw, Ezel Kural (1977).
History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey . Cambridge University Press.
ISBN
0-521-29166-6 .
Cleveland, William L. (2000).
A History of the Modern Middle East: 2nd Edition . Westview Press. p.
215 .
ISBN
978-0-8133-3489-9 . Homs French.
Commins, David Dean (2004).
Historical Dictionary of Syria: 2nd Edition . Scarecrow Press.
ISBN
0-8108-4934-8 .
Winckler, Onn (1998).
Demographic developments and population policies in Baʻathist Syria .
Sussex Academic Press .
ISBN
978-1-902210-16-2 .
External links
34°43′51″N 36°42′34″E / 34.73083°N 36.70944°E / 34.73083; 36.70944
Homs Subdistrict Ayn al-Niser Subdistrict Furqlus Subdistrict Hisyah Subdistrict Khirbet Tin Nur Subdistrict Mahin Subdistrict Qabu Subdistrict Qaryatayn Subdistrict Riqama Subdistrict Sadad Subdistrict Shin Subdistrict Taldou Subdistrict
Mukharram Subdistrict Jubb al-Jarrah Subdistrict
Rastan Subdistrict Talbiseh Subdistrict
Tadmur Subdistrict Sukhnah Subdistrict
Talkalakh Subdistrict Hadidah Subdistrict Hawash Subdistrict Nasirah Subdistrict