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9th century (801–900 CE / 184–288 AH)
801: Death of
Rābiʿa al-ʿAdawiyya al-Qaysiyya famous Arab Muslim saint and Sufi mystic.
802: The Mecca Protocol: Caliph
Harun al-Rashid and the leading officials of the
Abbasid Caliphate perform the
hajj to
Mecca , where the line of succession is finalized. Harun's eldest son
al-Amin is named heir, but his second son
Abdallah al-Ma'mun is named as al-Amin's heir, and governor of
Khurasan . A third son,
al-Qasim , is added as third heir, and receives responsibility over the
frontier areas with the Byzantine empire.
803: Downfall of the
Barmakids . Execution of
Ja'far ibn Yahya . Marriage of caliph
Harun al-Rashid and
Umm Muhammad bint Salih .
805: Outbreak of revolt of
Rafi ibn al-Layth in Khurasan.
806:
Harun al-Rashid leads a
huge campaign against the
Byzantines .
809: Death of
Harun al-Rashid . Accession of
al-Amin .
810:
Muhammad al-Taqi , the 9th
Shia
Imam was born.
811:
Abbasid Civil War :
Battle of Ray (811) in Persia.
812, August:
Abbasid Civil War : the
Siege of Baghdad begins
813, September:
Abbasid Civil War : the
Siege of Baghdad ends with the capture of the city by the forces of
al-Ma'mun and the death of
al-Amin
813:
Tahir ibn Husayn appointed as Governor of Mosul by
Al-Ma'mun
815:
Zaydi revolt under
Abu'l-Saraya in Iraq.
Harthama ibn A'yan quells the revolt.
816: Shi'a revolt in
Mecca ; In
al-Andalus the
Umayyads capture the island of
Corsica .
Harthama ibn A'yan is executed.
818:
Ali al-Rida dies in
Mashhad .
Muhammad al-Taqi becomes
Imam . The Umayyads of Spain capture the islands of
Ibiza ,
Majorca , and
Sardinia .
820:
Tahir ibn Husayn , Caliph al-Ma'mun appointed Tahir as Governor of Khorasan. In 820
Abdallah ibn Tahir was appointed governor of Syria.
822: Death of
al-Hakam I in Spain; accession of
Abd ar-Rahman II .
822: Death of Tahir in Khurasan.
Talha was appointed Governor by Al-Ma'mun in 822. Jafar ibn al-Mu'tasim (future
Al-Mutawakkil ) born in Baghdad.
ca. 825: Establishment of the
Emirate of Crete .
826:
Abdallah ibn Tahir , appointed as Governor of Egypt.
827:
Ali al-Hadi , the 10th
Shia Imam is born. Ma'mun declares the
Mu'tazili creed as the state religion. Beginning of the
Muslim conquest of Sicily .
828:
Abdallah ibn Tahir appointed as Governor of Khorasan by Al-Ma'mun in 828.
833:
9 August — Death of Ma'mun. Accession of
al-Mu'tasim .
835:
Muhammad al-Taqi is poisoned.
Ali al-Hadi becomes
Imam .
836: al-Mu'tasim moves the capital to
Samarra .
837: Revolt of the
Jats .
838: Revolt of
Babak Khorramdin in
Azarbaijan suppressed.
Sack of Amorium by al-Mu'tasim. Death of Abbasid prince
Al-Abbas ibn al-Ma'mun .
839: Revolt of
Mazyar in
Tabaristan . The Muslims occupy South
Italy . Capture of the city of
Messina in
Sicily .
842:
5 January — Death of al-Mu'tasim, accession of
al-Wathiq . Death of
Qaratis , mother of al-Wathiq in August 16, 842.
843: Revolts of the Arabs. Unsuccessful Byzantine attempt to reconquer the
Emirate of Crete .
845: Death of the
Abdallah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani Governor of
Khorasan . In 845 Abbasid caliph
Al-Wathiq appointed
Tahir ibn Abdallah ibn Tahir as governor of Khorasan.
846:
Battle of Mauropotamos between Byzantines and Abbasids in Asia Minor.
846:
Hasan al-Askari , the 11th
Shia Imam is born.
847: Death of Wathiq, accession of
al-Mutawakkil .
850: Al-Mutawakkil restores orthodoxy.
852: Death of
Abd ar-Rahman II of Spain;. accession of
Muhammad I .
856:
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Habbari was appointed as Governor of Sind by the Abbasid caliph
Al-Mutawakkil . On 23 February 856, there was an exchange of captives with the
Byzantine Empire . A second such exchange took place some four years later.
858: Al-Mutawakkil founds the town of
Jafariya .
861: Assassination of the Abbasid Caliph
al-Mutawakkil ; accession of
al-Muntasir and beginning of the "
Anarchy at Samarra ". Birth of famous Arab poet and prince
Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz .
862:
Abbasid conquest of Faruriyyah in Summer of 862. Al-Muntasir poisoned to death; accession of
al-Musta'in .
863: The
Battle of Lalakaon breaks the power of the emirate of
Malatya . Start of the
Byzantine counter-offensive.
864:
Zaydi state established in
Tabaristan by
Hasan ibn Zayd (
Alavids ).
866:
Abbasid Civil War : Al-Musta'in flees from Samarra, his deposition and accession of
al-Mu'tazz ; Muhammad ibn Yusuf Al-
Ukhaidhir , a descendant of Ali, establishes an independent kingdom in
Yamamah .
867:
Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar founds the
Saffarid rule in
Sistan .
868:
Ali al-Hadi is poisoned.
Hasan al-Askari becomes
Imam .
Muhammad al-Mahdi , the last
Imam of
shiite is born.
Ahmad ibn Tulun finds the
Tulunid rule in
Egypt .
869: The Abbasid Caliph Mu'tazz forced to abdicate, his death and accession of
al-Muhtadi . Beginning of
Zanj Rebellion in
Basra .
870: Turks revolt against Muhtadi, his death and accession of
al-Mu'tamid . Fragmentation of Abbasid Empire into several autonomous dynasties like;
Samanid ,
Saffarids ,
Tulunids ,
Sajid .
871:
Bari is captured by
Louis II of Italy , ending the
Emirate of Bari .
873:
Muhammad ibn Tahir , the governor of
Khorasan was overthrew by rebels.
874:
Hasan al-Askari is poisoned.
Muhammad al-Mahdi becomes
Imam . Zanji state established at al-Muktara during the
Zanj Rebellion in South Iraq. Death of the
Samanid ruler Ahmad, accession of
Nasr I .
875: Death of Abbasid official,
Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn Yazdad al-Marwazi . Death of
Muhammad ibn Ahmad Abbasid vassal Emir of Ifriqiya.
876:
April 8 –
Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul : Abbasid forces, led by
Al-Muwaffaq , halt a
Saffarid rebellion on the
River Tigris . The rebel
Ya'qub ibn al-Layth tries to capture the
Abbasid Caliphate 's capital of
Baghdad , but he is forced, with his army, to retreat.
877: Death of
Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar in
Sistan , accession of
Amr bin Layth .
878:
Fall of Syracuse to the Muslims.
879:
Zanj Rebellion : The
Abbasid Caliphate concentrates its efforts against the
Zanj rebels in
Mesopotamia . The Abbasid general
Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad (future caliph
Al-Mu'tadid ) leads an expeditionary force (10,000 men) to suppress the revolt. This marks the turning-point of the war.
[1]
883: End of
Zanj Rebellion
884: Abdullah ibn Umar al'Habbari (884-913) succeeded his father as ruler of
Sindh . His father Umar ended up creating a hereditary dynasty in Sindh because of
Anarchy at Samarra and
Fifth Fitna
885: Death of
Ahmad ibn Tulun in Egypt, accession of
Khumarawayh ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun .
886: Death of
Muhammad I the Umayyad ruler of Spain, accession of
al-Mundhir . Death of
Abdullah ibn Umar the
Habbari ruler of
Sind .
888: Death of Mundhir the Umayyad ruler of Spain, accession of
Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Umawi .
891: The
Qarmatian state established at
Bahrain .
892: Abbasid Caliph al-Mu'tamid death.
al-Mu'tadid becomes Caliph. Death of the Samanid ruler Nasr, accession of
Ismail I .
893: Zaydi Imamate is established in Yemen by al-Hadi Yahya ibn al-Husayn ibn al-Qasim
894: The
Rustamids become the vassals of Spain.
896: Death of
Khumarawayh ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun ; accession of
Abu 'l-Asakir Jaysh .
897: Assassination of Abu 'l-Asakir Jaysh; accession of
Abu Musa Harun .
898: Qarmatians sack
Basra . By the end of this century, global Muslim population had grown to 3 percent of the total.
899: Birth of
Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Mu'tadid the future Abbasid caliph Al-Qahir, he ruled from 932 to 934.
See also
References