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Medical condition
A rickettsiosis is a disease caused by intracellular bacteria.
Signs and symptoms
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(April 2023 )
Cause
Rickettsioses can be divided into a
spotted fever group (SPG) and
typhus group (TG).
[1]
In the past, rickettsioses were considered to be caused by species of
Rickettsia .
[2] However,
scrub typhus is still considered a rickettsiosis, even though the causative organism has been reclassified from Rickettsia tsutsugamushi to
Orientia tsutsugamushi .[
citation needed ] Examples of rickettsioses include
typhus , both endemic and epidemic,
Rocky Mountain spotted fever , and
Rickettsialpox .[
citation needed ]
Organisms involved include
Rickettsia parkeri .
[3]
Many new causative organisms have been identified in the last few decades.
[4]
Most are in the genus
Rickettsia , but
scrub typhus is in the genus
Orientia .
[5]
Diagnosis
No rapid laboratory tests are available to diagnose rickettsial diseases early in the course of illness, and
serologic assays usually take 10–12 days to become positive. Research is indicating that swabs of
eschars may be used for molecular detection of rickettsial infections.
[6]
[7]
Treatment
Doxycycline has been used in the treatment of rickettsial infection.
[8]
References
^ Choi YJ, Jang WJ, Ryu JS, et al. (February 2005).
"Spotted fever group and typhus group rickettsioses in humans, South Korea" . Emerging Infect. Dis . 11 (2): 237–44.
doi :
10.3201/eid1102.040603 .
PMC
3320442 .
PMID
15752441 .
^ Raoult D, Roux V (October 1997).
"Rickettsioses as paradigms of new or emerging infectious diseases" . Clin. Microbiol. Rev . 10 (4): 694–719.
doi :
10.1128/CMR.10.4.694 .
PMC
172941 .
PMID
9336669 .
^ Paddock CD, Finley RW, Wright CS, et al. (November 2008).
"Rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis and its clinical distinction from Rocky Mountain spotted fever" . Clin. Infect. Dis . 47 (9): 1188–96.
doi :
10.1086/592254 .
PMID
18808353 .
^ Parola P, Paddock CD, Raoult D (October 2005).
"Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: Emerging Diseases Challenging Old Concepts" . Clin. Microbiol. Rev . 18 (4): 719–56.
doi :
10.1128/CMR.18.4.719-756.2005 .
PMC
1265907 .
PMID
16223955 .
^ Unsworth NB, Stenos J, Faa AG, Graves SR (July 2007).
"Three Rickettsioses, Darnley Island, Australia" . Emerging Infect. Dis . 13 (7): 1105–7.
doi :
10.3201/eid1307.050088 .
PMC
2878210 .
PMID
18214193 .
^ Angelakis, Emmanouil; Richet, Hervé; Rolain, Jean-Marc; La Scola, Bernard; Raoult, Didier (2012).
"Comparison of real-time quantitative PCR and culture for the diagnosis of emerging Rickettsioses" . PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases . 6 (3): e1540.
doi :
10.1371/journal.pntd.0001540 .
ISSN
1935-2735 .
PMC
3295807 .
PMID
22413026 .
^ Giulieri, Stefano; Jaton, Katia; Cometta, Alain; Trellu, Laurence T.; Greub, Gilbert (February 2012).
"Development of a duplex real-time PCR for the detection of Rickettsia spp. and typhus group rickettsia in clinical samples" . FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology . 64 (1): 92–97.
doi :
10.1111/j.1574-695X.2011.00910.x .
ISSN
1574-695X .
PMID
22098502 .
^
"Rickettsial Infection: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology" . reference.medscape.com .
External links
Classification External resources