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| Names | |
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IUPAC name
Thulium(III) chloride
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| Other names
Thulium chloride, thulium trichloride
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol)
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.033.535 |
| EC Number |
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PubChem
CID
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (
EPA)
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| Properties | |
| TmCl3 | |
| Molar mass | 275.292 g/mol |
| Appearance | yellow crystals |
| Density | 3.98 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 824 °C (1,515 °F; 1,097 K) |
| Boiling point | 1,490 °C (2,710 °F; 1,760 K) |
| heptahydrate: very soluble | |
| Solubility | heptahydrate: very soluble in ethanol [1] |
| Structure | |
| Monoclinic, mS16 | |
| C12/m1, No. 12 | |
| 6 [2] | |
| Thermochemistry | |
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
-966.6 kJ/mol [3] |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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Irritant |
| GHS labelling: [4] | |
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| Warning | |
| H315, H319, H335 | |
| P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501 | |
| Related compounds | |
Other
anions
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Thulium(III) oxide |
Other
cations
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Erbium(III) chloride Ytterbium(III) chloride Thulium(II) chloride |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Thulium(III) chloride or thulium trichloride is as an inorganic salt composed of thulium and chlorine with the formula TmCl3. It forms yellow crystals. Thulium(III) chloride has the YCl3 ( AlCl3) layer structure with octahedral thulium ions. [5] It has been used as a starting material for some exotic nanostructures prepared for NIR photocatalysis. [6] [7]
Preparation
Thulium(III) chloride can be obtained by reacting thulium(III) oxide or thulium(III) carbonate and ammonium chloride: [8]
- Tm2O3 + 6 NH4Cl → 2 TmCl3 + 6 NH3 + 2 H2O
The hexahydrate of thulium(III) chloride can be obtained by adding thulium(III) oxide to concentrated hydrochloric acid. [1] [8]
- 2 Tm + 6 HCl → 2 TmCl3 + 3 H2
Thulium(III) chloride can also be obtained by directly reacting thulium and chlorine: [9]
- 2 Tm + 3 Cl2 → 2 TmCl3
Properties
Thulium(III) chloride is a light yellow powder. Its hexahydrate is a light green hygroscopic solid. [6] Both are soluble in water. [10] Thulium(III) chloride has a monoclinic crystal structure with the space group C2/m (No. 12) corresponding to that of aluminum(III) chloride. [10] [8]
Thulium(III) chloride reacts with strong bases to make thulium(III) oxide.
References
- ^ a b Spencer, James F. (1919). "The Metals of the Rare Earths". New York: Longmans, Green, and Co. pp. 152. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
- ^ "Chemistry: Periodic Table: Thulium: compound data (thulium (III) chloride)". WebElements. Archived from the original on 2008-12-01. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
- ^ Perry, Dale L.; Phillips, Sidney L. (1995). Handbook of Inorganic Compounds. CRC Press. p. 512. ISBN 0-8493-8671-3. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
- ^ "Thulium trichloride". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
- ^ Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition Oxford Science Publications ISBN 0-19-855370-6
- ^ a b Sigma-Aldrich Co., Thulium(III) chloride hexahydrate, 99.99% trace metals basis.
- ^ Bai, Lijie; Jiang, Wenya; Gao, Chunxiao; Zhong, Shuxian; Zhao, Leihong; Li, Zhengquan; Bai, Song (2016-11-17). "Facet engineered interface design of NaYF4:Yb,Tm upconversion nanocrystals on BiOCl nanoplates for enhanced near-infrared photocatalysis". Nanoscale. 8 (45): 19014–19024. doi: 10.1039/C6NR05720A. ISSN 2040-3372. PMID 27808315.
- ^ a b c Handbuch der präparativen anorganischen Chemie. 2 (3., umgearb. Aufl ed.). Stuttgart: Enke. 1978. ISBN 978-3-432-87813-3.
- ^ Webelements: Thulium
- ^ a b Ans, Jean d'; Lax, Ellen (1998). Taschenbuch für Chemiker und Physiker (in German). Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-60035-0.