The 13th Five-Year Plan of China, officially the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China, was a set of economic goals designed to strengthen the
Chinese economy between 2016 and 2020.
Content
The Plan increased China's target for the use of non-fossil fuel energy sources to 15% over the 2016–2020 period.[1]: 28 It included planning to address wind energy and solar energy feed-in to the grid and prioritizing dispatch policies for renewable energy.[1]: 194 It also required that the government develop regulations for China's carbon emissions trading system.[2]: 47
Continuing themes from the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan also sought to boost the services sector, increase
urbanization, and expand the social safety net to reduce precautionary savings.[3]: 207
Regarding urbanization, the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan highlighted nineteen
city clusters to be developed and strengthened pursuant to a geographic layout referred to as two horizontals and three verticals (liang heng san zong).[4]: 206 The highlighted clusters included the
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the
Yangtze River delta region, and the
Greater Bay area.[4]: 206 Development of these clusters includes establishing regional coordination mechanisms, sharing development costs and benefits, collaborative industrial development, and shared governance approaches to ecological issues and
environmental protection.[4]: 208
Focus areas
Innovation:[5]: 135 Move up in the value chain by abandoning old heavy industry and building up bases of modern information-intensive infrastructure
Achieve significant results in innovation-driven development
Balancing: Bridge the welfare gaps between countryside and cities by distributing and managing resources more efficiently
Greening: Develop environmental technology industry, as well as ecological living and ecological culture.
Achieve an overall improvement in the quality of the environment and ecosystems
Opening up: Deeper participation in supranational power structures, more international co-operation
Sharing: Encourage people of China to share the fruits of economic growth, so to bridge the existing welfare gaps
Healthcare: Implement universal healthcare proposed in 2020 Health Action Plan.
Initiative to comprehensively upgrade Chinese industry and to obtain a bigger part of the global production chains.[6]
Aims to address four worrying trends in current situation:
(Nationally) vital technologies lack a (domestic) core platform
Chinese industrial products are perceived internationally as inferior quality
Domestic industrial competition is fierce due to overly homogeneous structure
Poor conversion of academic research results to practical application
"Economy needs a Rule of Law" (建构法制经济)
"National defense reform"
Organisational reform of the
army, slashing number of highest generals, as well as concentrating branches' functions, moving some under Defence Ministry
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abLewis, Joanna I. (2023). Cooperating for the Climate: Learning from International Partnerships in China's Clean Energy Sector. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The
MIT Press.
ISBN978-0-262-54482-5.
^Lewis, Joanna I. (2020). "China's Low-Carbon Energy Strategy". In Esarey, Ashley; Haddad, Mary Alice; Lewis, Joanna I.; Harrell, Stevan (eds.). Greening East Asia: The Rise of the Eco-Developmental State. Seattle:
University of Washington Press.
ISBN978-0-295-74791-0.
JSTORj.ctv19rs1b2.