Template:Infobox_war_faction/sandbox References

Al-Qaeda
Al-Qaeda
القاعدة‎
	Flag used by various al-Qaeda factions
Leaders	Osama bin Laden †; (1988–2011); Ayman al-Zawahiri †; (2011–2022); Saif al-Adel; ( de facto; 2022–);
Dates of operation	11 August 1988 – present
Group(s)	Al-Shabaab; AQAP; AQIS; Hurras al-Din; AQIM; JNIM; Former groups AQI (2004–2006); ISI (2006–2013); Al-Nusra Front (2012–2017); ;
Ideology	Sunni Islamism; Pan-Islamism; Qutbism; Jihadism; Muslim unity; Sunni–Shia alliance; Islamic fundamentalism; Anti-Americanism; Anti-communism; Anti-imperialism; Antisemitism; Anti-Western imperialism; Anti-Zionism; Factions:; Wahhabism; Salafism; Salafi jihadism; Anti-shi'ism (alleged, officially denied); ;
Size	In Afghanistan: 800 (2018); In the Maghreb: 1,000–5,000 (2015); In Yemen: 3,000 (2022); In Somalia: 7,000–12,000 (2023); In Syria: 1,000–3,000 (2019); ;
Allies	State allies: Sudan (1989–1996); Afghanistan ( 1996–2001, 2021–present); Iran (alleged, denied); Pakistan (alleged, denied); Qatar (alleged, denied); Saudi Arabia (alleged, denied); North Korea (alleged); Non-state allies: Ansar al-Islam; Egyptian Islamic Jihad; Boko Haram (until 2015); Pakistani Taliban; Turkistan Islamic Party; Hamas (sometimes); Lashkar-e-Taiba; Jaish-e-Mohammed; Harkat-ul-Mujahideen; Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami; Jemaah Islamiyah; Houthis (sometimes); Taliban Haqqani network; ; Hezbollah (sometimes); ;
Opponents	State opponents: Iran (sometimes); Iraq; Lebanon; Syria; United States; United Kingdom; France; Israel; India; Russia; Yemen; Saudi Arabia; Turkey; China; Afghanistan (1988–1992, 2002–2021); Soviet Union (1988–1989); Non-state opponents: Islamic State; Hezbollah (sometimes); Houthis (sometimes); Peshmerga; YPG; Southern Movement Southern Transitional Council; ; ;
Battles and wars	War on Terror; In Afghanistan Afghan Civil War (1989–1992) Battle of Jalalabad (1989); ; Afghan Civil War (1996–2001); War in Afghanistan (2001–2021); In Tajikistan Civil war in Tajikistan; In Chechnya Second Chechen War; In Yemen al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen; Yemeni Civil War (2015–present); In the Maghreb Maghreb insurgency; Northern Mali conflict; In Iraq Iraq War; Iraqi insurgency; In Pakistan Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; In Somalia Somalia War (2006–2009); Somali Civil War (2009–present); In Syria Syrian Civil War; Military intervention against ISIL; American-led intervention in Syria; In Egypt Sinai insurgency; Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014); In India Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir; ;
Designated as a terrorist group by	See below
	Preceded by; Maktab al-Khidamat

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This is the template sandbox page for Template:Infobox war faction ( diff).
See also the companion subpage for test cases.

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Module:Infobox ( sandbox)
Module:InfoboxImage ( sandbox)

A war faction infobox may be used to summarize information about a particular faction participating in a war; it should not be used for regular military units and formations (which should use {{ infobox military unit}} instead). The infobox should be added using the {{ infobox war faction}} template, as shown below:

Usage

Basic usage

Full usage

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{{Infobox war faction
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Example

{{Infobox war faction
| name             = Al-Qaeda
| native_name      = {{Script|Arabic|القاعدة}}
| native_name_lang = ar
| war              = {{Collapsible list |title={{Nbsp}} |{{Plainlist|
* [[War on Terror]]
* [[Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)|Afghanistan conflict]]
* [[War in North-West Pakistan]]
* [[Somali Civil War]]
* [[Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)|Insurgency in the Maghreb]]
* [[Iraq War]]
* [[Iraqi insurgency (2011–present)|Iraqi insurgency]]
* [[Yemeni Civil War]]
* [[Syrian Civil War]]
* [[List of wars and battles involving al-Qaeda|other conflicts]]
}}
}}
| image            = Flag of Jihad.svg
| caption          = Flag used by various al-Qaeda factions
| leaders          = {{Plainlist|
* [[Osama bin Laden]]{{KIA}}<br />(1988–2011)
* [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]]{{KIA}}<br />(2011–2022)
* [[Saif al-Adel]]<br />(''[[de facto]]''; 2022–)
}}
| active           = {{nowrap|11 August 1988 – present}}
| ideology         = {{Collapsible list |title={{Nbsp}} | {{Plainlist|
* [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Islamism]]<ref name=gallagher14 /><ref name="Bokhari-Senzai 2013">{{cite book |editor1-last=Bokhari |editor1-first=Kamran |editor2-last=Senzai |editor2-first=Farid |year=2013 |chapter=Rejector Islamists: al-Qaeda and Transnational Jihadism |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ThiuAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA101 |title=Political Islam in the Age of Democratization |location=[[New York City|New York]] |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |pages=101–118 |doi=10.1057/9781137313492_6 |isbn=978-1-137-31349-2}}</ref><ref name="Moussalli 2012">{{cite book |author-last=Moussalli |author-first=Ahmad S. |year=2012 |chapter=Sayyid Qutb: Founder of Radical Islamic Political Ideology |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D-LfCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA24 |editor-last=Akbarzadeh |editor-first=Shahram |title=Routledge Handbook of Political Islam |location=[[London]] and [[New York City|New York]] |publisher=[[Routledge]] |edition=1st |pages=24–26 |isbn=978-1-138-57782-4 |lccn=2011025970}}</ref><ref name=MESR>{{cite book|last=O'Bagy|first=Elizabeth |title=Middle East Security Report: Al-Qaeda Sunni Islamist Rebels – Jihad in Syria|page=27|volume=6|url=http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Jihad-In-Syria-17SEPT.pdf|year=2012 |location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|access-date=September 21, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327163800/http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Jihad-In-Syria-17SEPT.pdf|archive-date=March 27, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Pan-Islamism]]<ref>{{cite book|title=US Counter-Terrorism Strategy and Al-Qaeda |first1=Joshua |last1= A. Geltzer | year=2010|publisher=Routledge| location=New York | isbn=0-203-87023-9 |chapter=4: The al-Qaeda world-view|pages=83, 84}}</ref><ref name=Atwan />{{sfn|Gunaratna|2002|loc=''Introduction'', pp. 12, 87}}
* [[Qutbism]]<ref name="Moussalli 2012" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Aydınlı |first=Ersel |year=2018 |origyear=2016 |title=Violent Non-State Actors: From Anarchists to Jihadists |chapter=The Jihadists pre-9/11 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hq1TDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA66 |location=[[London]] and [[New York City|New York]] |publisher=[[Routledge]] |edition=1st |series=Routledge Studies on Challenges, Crises, and Dissent in World Politics |page=66 |isbn=978-1-315-56139-4 |lccn=2015050373}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Wright|2006|p=79}}</ref><ref name=gallagher14>{{harvnb|Gallagher|Willsky-Ciollo|2021|p=14}}</ref>
* [[Jihadism]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Jihadism in Pakistan | publisher=I.B. tauris | first1=Antonio | last1=Giustozzi  | isbn=978-0-7556-4735-4 | location=New York | chapter=2: The strategies of global jihadists in Pakistan after 2001 | pages=27-52 | year=2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title= Al-Qaeda’s Post-9/11 Devolution | publisher=Bloomsbury Academic | first1=Anthony | last1=Celso | isbn=978-1-4411-5589-4 | location=New York | chapter=1:  Al-Qaeda’s Jihadist Worldview | pages=15-29 | year=2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Al-Qaeda 2.0 | publisher=Oxford University Press | first1=Donald | last1=Holbrook | isbn=9780190856441 | location=New York | pages=viii, 2, 3 | year=2017}}</ref>
* Muslim unity<ref>{{cite book|title=US Counter-Terrorism Strategy and Al-Qaeda |first1=Joshua |last1= A. Geltzer | year=2010|publisher=Routledge| location=New York | isbn=0-203-87023-9 | quote=Al-Qaeda’s ‘pan-Islamic ideology’ seeks to unify the umma not only by emphasising Islam over nationalism but also by specifically calling for unity among all Muslims, including the often hostile Sunnis and Shiites...  ‘For an organization led by a Sunni fundamentalist’ to ‘make common cause with Shiite terrorists’, and then with potential Shiite supporters more broadly, was considered ‘extraordinary’—yet doing so was central to al-Qaeda’s vision of Islamic unity against America. |chapter=4: The al-Qaeda world view|pages=83, 84}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement|first1=Daniel | last1= Byman | publisher= Oxford University Press | year=2015 | location=New York | isbn=978-0-19-021725-9 |pages=53|chapter=3: Strategy and Tactics}}</ref>{{sfn|Gunaratna|2002|p=87}}
* Sunni–Shia alliance<ref>
* {{Cite web |last=Nabil |first=Rahmatullah |title=Iran, Al-Qaeda and the Taliban; Close Relations between Shiite and Sunni Fundamentalists: A Strategic Move or a Matter of Expediency? |url=https://aissonline.org/en/main-features/7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619143538/https://aissonline.org/en/main-features/7 |archive-date=19 June 2023 |website=Afghan Institute for Strategic Studies |quote=Ayman Al-Zawahiri became the leader of Al-Qaeda—a leader who was “in favour of” forging an alliance between the Shia and the Sunni against their common enemy—Al-Qaeda developed deeper relations with the IRGC.}}
* {{Cite web |last=Aly Sergie |first=Mohammed |date=27 April 2023 |title=The Sunni-Shia Divide |url=https://www.cfr.org/article/sunni-shia-divide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610093711/https://www.cfr.org/article/sunni-shia-divide |archive-date=10 June 2023 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |quote=Sunni al-Qaeda and Shia Hezbollah, have not defined their movements in sectarian terms, and have favored using anti-imperialist, anti-Zionist, and anti-American frameworks to define their jihad, or struggle.}}
* {{Cite web |last=Lupsha |first=Jonny |date=8 December 2022 |title=What Is the Islamic State? |url=https://www.wondriumdaily.com/what-is-the-islamic-state/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206201200/https://www.wondriumdaily.com/what-is-the-islamic-state/ |archive-date=6 February 2023 |website=Wondrium Daily |quote=Bin Laden, a Sunni Muslim, saw cooperation between Islam’s two sects—Sunni and Shia—as essential to Al-Qaeda’s success.}}</ref><ref>
* {{Cite book |last=Devji |first=Faisal |title=Landscapes of the Jihad: Militancy, Morality, Modernity |publisher=Hurst & Company |year=2005 |isbn=1-85065-775-0 |location=London |pages=53 |quote=Al-Qaeda leaders like Osama Bin Laden or Ayman al-Zawahiri have never been known either to preach or practice anti-Shia politics, indeed the opposite, with Bin Laden repeatedly urging Muslims to ignore internal differences and even appearing to uphold the religious credentials of Shiite Iran by comparing the longed-for-ouster of the Saudi monarch to the expulsion of the Shah}}
* {{Cite news |date=20 September 2001 |title=The spider in the web |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/special-report/2001/09/20/the-spider-in-the-web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606223655/https://www.economist.com/special-report/2001/09/20/the-spider-in-the-web |archive-date=6 June 2023 |quote=[Bin Laden] has insisted that differences within the Islamic world should be set aside for the sake of the broader struggle against western and Jewish interests. American officials say there is clear evidence of tactical co-operation between his organisation, al-Qaeda, the government of Iran, and Iran's proxies in Lebanon, the Hizbullah group. From the early 1990s, members of his group and its Egyptian allies were being sent to Lebanon to receive training from Hizbullah: an unusual example of Sunni-Shia co-operation in the broader anti-western struggle.}}
* {{Cite book |last=al-Aloosy |first=Massaab |title=The changing ideology of Hezbollah |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2020 |isbn=978-3-030-34846-5 |pages=79 |quote=according to the 9/11 Commission Report, Hezbollah allowed Al-Qaeda activists to train in their camps involved in terrorist attacks against the American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in September 1998... Osama Bin Laden mentioned Hezbollah in a 2003 speech-or as he called them the resistance- in a positive light as the group that compelled the US marines to withdraw from Lebanon}}</ref>{{sfn|Gunaratna|2002|p=12}}
* [[Islamic fundamentalism]]<ref name="auto1">Bergen, Peter L., ''Holy war, Inc.: Inside the Secret World of Osama bin Laden'', New York: Free Press, 2001., pp. 70–71</ref>
* [[Anti-Americanism]]<ref name="ict.org.il">{{cite web|url=http://www.ict.org.il/articles/fatwah.htm|title=Text of Fatwah Urging Jihad Against Americans|access-date=May 15, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060422210853/http://www.ict.org.il/articles/fatwah.htm|archive-date=April 22, 2006}}</ref>
* [[Anti-communism]]<ref>{{cite court|litigants=United States v. Usama bin Laden et al.|court=[[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York|SDNY]]|reporter=Cr.|vol=S (7) 98|opinion=1023|pinpoint=Testimony of Jamal Ahmed Mohamed al-Fadl|date=February 6, 2001|url=http://cryptome.org/usa-v-ubl-02.htm}}</ref>
* [[Anti-imperialism]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lawrence|first=Bruce|date=2005 |title=Messages to the World: The Statements of Osama Bin Laden |url=https://www.versobooks.com/books/32-messages-to-the-world |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408194547/https://www.versobooks.com/books/32-messages-to-the-world |archive-date=8 April 2022 |publisher=Verso| isbn=9781844670451}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Borowski |first=Audrey |date=2015 |title=Al Qaeda and ISIS: From Revolution to Apocalypse |url=https://philosophynow.org/issues/111/Al_Qaeda_and_ISIS_From_Revolution_to_Apocalypse |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526012524/https://philosophynow.org/issues/111/Al_Qaeda_and_ISIS_From_Revolution_to_Apocalypse |archive-date=26 May 2022 |website=Philosophy Now}}</ref>
* [[Antisemitism]]<ref name="Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders" /><ref name=Time1999 /><ref name=Letter2002 /><ref name=May1998>{{cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/interview.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990508145341/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/interview.html|title=frontline: the terrorist and the superpower: who is bin laden?: interview with osama bin laden (in may 1998)|archive-date=May 8, 1999|publisher=pbs.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adl.org/blog/new-isis-and-al-qaeda-propaganda-prioritize-the-us-and-jews-as-targets|title=New ISIS and Al-Qaeda propaganda prioritize the US and Jews as targets|website=Anti-Defamation League}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Al-Qaeda's Urges Muslims to Shun World Cup, Stops Short of Threats |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/al-qaida-urges-muslims-to-shun-world-cup-stops-short-of-threats-/6842183.html |publisher=Voice of America |language=English |date=November 19, 2022 |quote=Al Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula, the militant group's Yemen-based branch, criticized Qatar for "bringing immoral people, homosexuals, sowers of corruption and atheism into the Arabian Peninsula" and said the event served to divert attention from the "occupation of Muslim countries and their oppression."}}</ref>
* [[Anti-Western sentiment|Anti-Western imperialism]]<ref name="Inside Jabhat al Nusra">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9716545/Inside-Jabhat-al-Nusra-the-most-extreme-wing-of-Syrias-struggle.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9716545/Inside-Jabhat-al-Nusra-the-most-extreme-wing-of-Syrias-struggle.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Inside the most extreme wing|date=December 2, 2012|access-date=December 2, 2012|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |location=London |first=Ruth |last=Sherlock}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* [[Anti-Zionism]]<ref name=Time1999>{{cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,17676,00.html|title=Conversation with Terror|magazine=Time|date=January 1999|access-date=March 22, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Letter2002>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/nov/24/theobserver|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826184301/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/nov/24/theobserver|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 26, 2013|title=Full text: bin Laden's 'letter to America' &#124; World news |work=The Observer |date=August 26, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders">{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/irp/world/para/docs/980223-fatwa.htm|title=Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders|access-date=June 16, 2010|date=February 23, 1998}}</ref>
}}
'''Factions:'''| {{Plainlist|
* [[Wahhabism]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ghanmi |first1=Elyès |last2=Punzet |first2=Agnieszka |date=June 11, 2013 |title=The involvement of Salafism/Wahhabism in the support and supply of arms to rebel groups around the world |url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2013/457137/EXPO-AFET_ET(2013)457137_EN.pdf |journal=[[European Parliament]]}}</ref><ref name="The Hillary Doctrine">{{cite book |last1=Hudson |first1=Valerie |title=The Hillary Doctrine |publisher=Columbia University |page=154 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j3apBgAAQBAJ&q=wahhabi+al+nusra&pg=PA154 |access-date=January 15, 2016|isbn=978-0-231-53910-4 |date=June 30, 2015 }}</ref>
* [[Salafi movement|Salafism]]<ref name="Bokhari-Senzai 2013" /><ref name="Moussalli 2012" /><ref name="SalafistJidadism">{{cite web|title=Special Reports – The Salafist Movement: Al Qaeda's New Front|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/front/special/sala.html|last1=Livesey|first1=Bruce|author-link=Bruce Livesey (journalist)|work=PBS Frontline|publisher=WGBH |date=January 25, 2005|access-date=October 18, 2011 }}<br />{{cite book|last1=Geltzer|first1=Joshua A.|title=US Counter-Terrorism Strategy and al-Qaeda: Signalling and the Terrorist World-View|date=2011|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-66452-3|page=83|edition=Reprint}}</ref><ref name="spiegel1">{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,369448,00.html |title=The Future of Terrorism: What al-Qaida Really Wants |work=Der Spiegel |date=August 12, 2005 |access-date=October 18, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307084609/http://www.spiegel.de/international/0%2C1518%2C369448%2C00.html |archive-date=March 7, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="PanIslamism">{{cite news|url=http://my.telegraph.co.uk/riteman/riteway/16309030/al-qaeda-seeks-global-dominance/|title=Al-Qaeda seeks global dominance|location=London|work=The Daily Telegraph|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112142751/http://my.telegraph.co.uk/riteman/riteway/16309030/al-qaeda-seeks-global-dominance/|archive-date=January 12, 2012}}<br />{{cite web|url=http://www.thepolitic.com/archives/2005/07/27/jihadists-want-global-caliphate/|title=Jihadists Want Global Caliphate|publisher=ThePolitic.com|date=July 27, 2005|access-date=October 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930020925/http://www.thepolitic.com/archives/2005/07/27/jihadists-want-global-caliphate/|archive-date=September 30, 2011|url-status=dead}}<br />{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/mar/21/alqaida.terrorism|location=London|work=The Guardian|first1=Jason|last1=Burke|title=What exactly does al-Qaeda want?|date=March 21, 2004}}</ref>
* [[Salafi jihadism]]<ref name="Bokhari-Senzai 2013" /><ref name="Moussalli 2012" /><ref name="Moghadam">{{cite book|last1=Moghadam|first1=Assaf|title=The Globalization of Martyrdom: Al Qaeda, Salafi Jihad, and the Diffusion of Suicide Attacks|year=2008|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-0-8018-9055-0|page=48}}</ref><ref name="SalafistJidadism" />
* [[Anti-shi'ism]] (alleged,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/al-qaeda-v-isis-ideology-strategy |title=Al Qaeda v ISIS: Ideology & Strategy |first=Cameron |last=Glenn |date=September 28, 2015 |website=[[Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars]]}}</ref> officially denied)<ref name="Shia Iran"/><ref>
* {{Cite web |last=Nabil |first=Rahmatullah |title=Iran, Al-Qaeda and the Taliban; Close Relations between Shiite and Sunni Fundamentalists: A Strategic Move or a Matter of Expediency? |url=https://aissonline.org/en/main-features/7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619143538/https://aissonline.org/en/main-features/7 |archive-date=19 June 2023 |website=Afghan Institute for Strategic Studies |quote=Ayman Al-Zawahiri became the leader of Al-Qaeda—a leader who was “in favour of” forging an alliance between the Shia and the Sunni against their common enemy—Al-Qaeda developed deeper relations with the IRGC.}}
* {{Cite web |last=Aly Sergie |first=Mohammed |date=27 April 2023 |title=The Sunni-Shia Divide |url=https://www.cfr.org/article/sunni-shia-divide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610093711/https://www.cfr.org/article/sunni-shia-divide |archive-date=10 June 2023 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |quote=Sunni al-Qaeda and Shia Hezbollah, have not defined their movements in sectarian terms, and have favored using anti-imperialist, anti-Zionist, and anti-American frameworks to define their jihad, or struggle.}}
* {{Cite web |last=Lupsha |first=Jonny |date=8 December 2022 |title=What Is the Islamic State? |url=https://www.wondriumdaily.com/what-is-the-islamic-state/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206201200/https://www.wondriumdaily.com/what-is-the-islamic-state/ |archive-date=6 February 2023 |website=Wondrium Daily |quote=Bin Laden, a Sunni Muslim, saw cooperation between Islam’s two sects—Sunni and Shia—as essential to Al-Qaeda’s success.}}</ref><ref>
* {{Cite book |last=Devji |first=Faisal |title=Landscapes of the Jihad: Militancy, Morality, Modernity |publisher=Hurst & Company |year=2005 |isbn=1-85065-775-0 |location=London |pages=53 |quote=Al-Qaeda leaders like Osama Bin Laden or Ayman al-Zawahiri have never been known either to preach or practice anti-Shia politics, indeed the opposite, with Bin Laden repeatedly urging Muslims to ignore internal differences and even appearing to uphold the religious credentials of Shiite Iran by comparing the longed-for-ouster of the Saudi monarch to the expulsion of the Shah}}
* {{Cite news |date=20 September 2001 |title=The spider in the web |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/special-report/2001/09/20/the-spider-in-the-web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606223655/https://www.economist.com/special-report/2001/09/20/the-spider-in-the-web |archive-date=6 June 2023 |quote=[Bin Laden] has insisted that differences within the Islamic world should be set aside for the sake of the broader struggle against western and Jewish interests. American officials say there is clear evidence of tactical co-operation between his organisation, al-Qaeda, the government of Iran, and Iran's proxies in Lebanon, the Hizbullah group. From the early 1990s, members of his group and its Egyptian allies were being sent to Lebanon to receive training from Hizbullah: an unusual example of Sunni-Shia co-operation in the broader anti-western struggle.}}
* {{Cite book |last=al-Aloosy |first=Massaab |title=The changing ideology of Hezbollah |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2020 |isbn=978-3-030-34846-5 |pages=79 |quote=according to the 9/11 Commission Report, Hezbollah allowed Al-Qaeda activists to train in their camps involved in terrorist attacks against the American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in September 1998... Osama Bin Laden mentioned Hezbollah in a 2003 speech-or as he called them the resistance- in a positive light as the group that compelled the US marines to withdraw from Lebanon}}</ref>
}}
}}
| clans            = {{Collapsible list |title={{Nbsp}} |{{Plainlist|
*{{Flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|Al-Shabaab]]
*{{Flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula|AQAP]]
*{{flagicon image|Flag of AQIS.svg}} [[Al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent|AQIS]]
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Tanzim Hurras al-Din.svg}} [[Hurras al-Din]]
*{{Flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb|AQIM]]
*{{Flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin|JNIM]]
'''Former groups'''
*{{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qaeda in Iraq.svg}} [[Al-Qaeda in Iraq|AQI]] (2004–2006)
*{{Flagicon|Islamic State}} [[Islamic State of Iraq|ISI]] (2006–2013)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Al-Nusra Front.svg}} [[Al-Nusra Front]] (2012–2017)
}}
| area             = Worldwide<br />{{nowrap|'''[[List of rebel groups that control territory|Current territorial control]]:'''}}<br />[[Mali]], [[Somalia]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.polgeonow.com/2013/05/somalia-war-map-al-shabaab-2013.html|title=War in Somalia: Map of Al Shabaab Control (June 2013)|date=May 31, 2013|access-date=August 18, 2014|publisher=Political Geography Now|first1=Evan|last1=Centanni}}</ref> [[Yemen]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/yemen/aden-intellgence-service-building-targeted-1.1570990|title=Aden intelligence service building targeted|date=August 22, 2015|access-date=August 22, 2015|publisher=Gulf News|work=AFP}}</ref>
}}
| size             = {{Collapsible list |title={{Nbsp}} |{{Plainlist|
* In Afghanistan:<!--<100 (2011),<ref>{{cite web |first1=Bill |last1=Roggio |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/threat-matrix/archives/2011/04/how_many_al_qaeda_operatives_a.php |title=How many al Qaeda operatives are now left in Afghanistan? |publisher=Longwarjournal.org |date=April 26, 2011 |access-date=April 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706151045/http://www.longwarjournal.org/threat-matrix/archives/2011/04/how_many_al_qaeda_operatives_a.php |archive-date=July 6, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 300–3,000 (2012–2014),<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/21/al-qaeda-afghanistan-comeback_n_1997994.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023084738/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/21/al-qaeda-afghanistan-comeback_n_1997994.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 23, 2012 |title=Al Qaeda in Afghanistan Is Attempting A Comeback |work=The Huffington Post |date=October 21, 2012 |access-date=April 10, 2014 }}</ref><ref name="telegraph.co.uk">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/al-qaeda/10893889/Al-Qaeda-map-Isis-Boko-Haram-and-other-affiliates-strongholds-across-Africa-and-Asia.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/al-qaeda/10893889/Al-Qaeda-map-Isis-Boko-Haram-and-other-affiliates-strongholds-across-Africa-and-Asia.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Al-Qaeda map: Isis, Boko Haram and other affiliates' strongholds across Africa and Asia |date=June 12, 2014 |access-date=August 29, 2014|last1=Freeman |first1=Colin }}{{cbignore}}</ref>--> 800 (2018)<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web|url=https://www.cfr.org/expert-brief/al-qaedas-resurrection|title=Al-Qaeda's Resurrection|first1=Bruce|last1=Hoffman|publisher=Council on Foreign Relations|date=March 6, 2018}}</ref>
* [[Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb|In the Maghreb]]: 1,000–5,000 (2015)<ref>{{cite web| title =Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM)| url =http://www.cfr.org/terrorist-organizations-and-networks/al-qaeda-islamic-maghreb-aqim/p12717| website =Council on Foreign Relations| date =March 27, 2015| access-date =July 2, 2015| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150511122144/http://www.cfr.org/terrorist-organizations-and-networks/al-qaeda-islamic-maghreb-aqim/p12717| archive-date =May 11, 2015| url-status =dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title =Profile: Al-Qaeda in North Africa| url =https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17308138| publisher =BBC| date = January 17, 2013|access-date = July 2, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula|In Yemen]]: 3,000 (2022)<ref>{{cite web |title=UN report indicates al-Qaeda and ISIS enjoy safe haven in Turkish-controlled Idlib |url=https://nordicmonitor.com/2022/02/the-un-report-indicates-al-qaeda-and-isis-enjoys-safe-haven-in-turkish-controlled-idlib/ |website=Nordic Monitor |date=9 February 2022 |access-date=15 February 2022 |archive-date=15 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215095304/https://nordicmonitor.com/2022/02/the-un-report-indicates-al-qaeda-and-isis-enjoys-safe-haven-in-turkish-controlled-idlib/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|In Somalia]]: 7,000–12,000 (2023)<ref>{{cite web |title=S/2023/95 |url=https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=S%2F2023%2F95&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop&LangRequested=False |website=United Nations Security Council |access-date=15 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-15336689|title=Who are Somalia's al-Shabab?|publisher=BBC News|date=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Hurras al-Din|In Syria]]: 1,000–3,000 (2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://syriadirect.org/news/is-hts-benefitting-from-coalition-airstrikes-against-foreign-jihadists-1/|title=Is HTS benefitting from Coalition airstrikes against foreign jihadists?|author=Mohammad Abdulssattar Ibrahim|work=Syria Direct|date=22 September 2019|access-date=1 October 2019|archive-date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924025913/https://syriadirect.org/news/is-hts-benefitting-from-coalition-airstrikes-against-foreign-jihadists-1/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=UN report indicates al-Qaeda and ISIS enjoy safe haven in Turkish-controlled Idlib |url=https://nordicmonitor.com/2022/02/the-un-report-indicates-al-qaeda-and-isis-enjoys-safe-haven-in-turkish-controlled-idlib/ |website=Nordic Monitor |date=February 9, 2022 |access-date=15 February 2022|last=Bozkurt|first=Abdullah}}</ref>
}}
}}
| predecessor      = [[Maktab al-Khidamat]]
| allies           = {{Collapsible list |title={{Nbsp}}| '''State allies:'''
* {{Flag|Sudan}} (1989–1996)
* {{Flag|Afghanistan|2021}} ([[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)|1996–2001]], 2021–present)<ref>{{cite web|title=Fourteenth report of the Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team|work=UN Security Council|date=1 June 2023|url=https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2093255/N2312536.pdf|pages=3-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712115015/https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2093255/N2312536.pdf|archive-date=12 July 2023|quote= The link between the Taliban and both Al-Qaida and Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) remains strong and symbiotic..The relationship between the Taliban and Al-Qaida remained close and symbiotic, with Al-Qaida viewing Taliban-administered Afghanistan a safe haven. Al-Qaida still aims to strengthen its position in Afghanistan and has been interacting with the Taliban, supporting the regime and protecting senior Taliban figures. Al-Qaida maintains a low profile, focusing on using the country as an ideological and logistical hub to mobilize and recruit new fighters while covertly rebuilding its external operations capability|via=ecoi.net}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=UN report finds ‘strong and symbiotic’ links between Afghan Taliban, TTP|date=11 June 2023|work=Dawn|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1759180|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611140432/https://www.dawn.com/news/1759180|archive-date=11 June 2023}}</ref><ref name="Taliban relationship">{{cite web |last1=Mir |first1=Asfandyar |title=Afghanistan's Terrorism Challenge: The Political Trajectories of al-Qaeda, the Afghan Taliban, and the Islamic State |url=https://www.mei.edu/sites/default/files/2020-10/Afghanistan%27s%20Terrorism%20Challenge.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.mei.edu/sites/default/files/2020-10/Afghanistan%27s%20Terrorism%20Challenge.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |publisher=[[Middle East Institute]] |date=October 2020}}</ref><ref name="lwj02092021">{{cite web|last=Roggio|first=Bill|date=2 September 2021|title=National Resistance Front repels multi-day Taliban assault on Panjshir {{!}} FDD's Long War Journal|url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/09/national-resistance-front-repels-multi-day-taliban-assault-on-panjshir.php|url-status=live|access-date=3 September 2021|website=www.longwarjournal.org|archive-date=3 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903010009/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/09/national-resistance-front-repels-multi-day-taliban-assault-on-panjshir.php}}</ref>
* {{flag|Iran}} (alleged, denied)<ref name="Shia Iran">{{cite web |title=Making Sense of Iran and al-Qaeda's Relationship |date=March 21, 2021 |url=https://www.lawfareblog.com/making-sense-iran-and-al-qaedas-relationship |publisher=The Lawfare Institute |access-date=10 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Growing Relationship between Iran and al-Shabab Movement in Somalia: Motives and Potential Consequences |url=https://epc.ae/en/details/featured/the-growing-relationship-between-iran-and-al-shabab-movement-in-somalia-motives-and-potential-consequences |publisher=Emirates Policy Center |access-date=27 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="Saif">{{Cite web |last=Hussam Radman |first=Assim al-Sabri |date=2023-02-28 |title=Leadership from Iran: How Al-Qaeda in Yemen Fell Under the Sway of Saif al-Adel |url=https://sanaacenter.org/publications/analysis/19623 |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=Sana'a Center For Strategic Studies |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-alqaeda-idUSKCN1LN2LE|title=Study questions Iran-al Qaeda ties, despite U.S. allegations|publisher=Reuters|date=September 7, 2018|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/pages/hp1360.aspx|title=Treasury Targets Al Qaida Operatives in Iran|website=treasury.gov}}</ref>
* {{flag|Pakistan}} (alleged, denied)<ref>{{cite news|title= The 'airlift of evil'|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna3340165|date=December 11, 2003|work=[[NBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dawn.com/2011/10/27/pakistan-military-denies-bbc-report-on-taliban-links/ | title=Pakistan military denies BBC report on Taliban links | date=October 27, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/23/magazine/what-pakistan-knew-about-bin-laden.html?_r=1 |title=What Pakistan Knew About Bin Laden|newspaper=The New York Times|date=March 19, 2014|last1=Gall|first1=Carlotta}}</ref>
* {{flag|Qatar}} (alleged, denied)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/1.795628|title=Fact Check: Is Qatar Supporting Terrorism? A Look at Its Ties to Iran, ISIS and the Muslim Brotherhood|last1=Haaretz|first2=The Associated|last2=Press|date=July 11, 2017|newspaper=Haaretz}}</ref>
* {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} (alleged, denied)<ref name="WT">{{cite news|last1=Thomas|first1=Carls|title=The Saudis channel the mafia: Fears of Saudi retaliation deter truth about 9/11|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/apr/18/cal-thomas-fears-of-saudi-retaliation-deter-truth-/|access-date=April 28, 2016|work=The Washington Times}}</ref>
* {{flag|North Korea}} (alleged)<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jul/26/afghanistan-war-logs-osama-bin-laden?intcmp=239 | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Simon | last=Tisdall | title=Afghanistan war logs reveal hand of Osama bin Laden | date=July 26, 2010}}</ref>

'''Non-state allies:'''
* [[Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan|Ansar al-Islam]]
* [[Egyptian Islamic Jihad]]
* [[File:Flag of Jihad (Variant).svg|border|23px]] [[Boko Haram]] (until 2015)
* [[File:Flag of Tehrik-i-Taliban.svg|border|23px]] [[Pakistani Taliban]]
* [[File:Flag of Turkistan Islamic Party.svg|border|23px]] [[Turkistan Islamic Party]]
* {{flag|Hamas}} (sometimes)<ref>{{cite web |date=13 October 2023 |title=Al-Qaeda's North and West African branches respond to the Hamas-led invasion of Israel |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2023/10/al-qaedas-north-and-west-african-branches-respond-to-the-hamas-led-invasion-of-israel.php |access-date=17 October 2023 |website=[[FDD's Long War Journal]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Al Shabaab jihadists praise Hamas' attack, Kenya's counter-terrorism unit is on alert |date=October 12, 2023 |url=https://www.agenzianova.com/en/news/Al-Shabaab-jihadists-praise-Hamas-attack-on-Kenyan-anti-terrorism-alert/ |publisher=Agenzia Nova |access-date=October 12, 2023 |archive-date=October 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012235735/https://www.agenzianova.com/en/news/Al-Shabaab-jihadists-praise-Hamas-attack-on-Kenyan-anti-terrorism-alert/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Somalia: Al-Shabaab praises Hamas attack on Israel |url=https://somaliguardian.com/news/somalia-news/somalia-al-shabaab-praises-hamas-attack-on-israel/ |website=Somali guardian |date=October 12, 2023 |access-date=October 12, 2023 |archive-date=October 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012235740/https://somaliguardian.com/news/somalia-news/somalia-al-shabaab-praises-hamas-attack-on-israel/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Lashkar-e-Taiba.svg|border|23px]] [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]]
* [[File:Jaishi-e-Mohammed.svg|border|23px]] [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Harkat-ul-Mujahideen.svg}} [[Harkat-ul-Mujahideen]]
* [[Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami]]
* [[File:Flag of Islamic State of Indonesia.svg|23px]] [[Jemaah Islamiyah]]
* {{Flagicon image|Ansarullah Flag Vector.svg}} [[Houthis]] (sometimes)<ref name="Saif"/>
* {{Flag|Taliban}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Fourteenth report of the Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team|work=UN Security Council|date=1 June 2023|url=https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2093255/N2312536.pdf|pages=3-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712115015/https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2093255/N2312536.pdf|archive-date=12 July 2023|quote= The link between the Taliban and both Al-Qaida and Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) remains strong and symbiotic..The relationship between the Taliban and Al-Qaida remained close and symbiotic, with Al-Qaida viewing Taliban-administered Afghanistan a safe haven.|via=ecoi.net}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=UN report finds ‘strong and symbiotic’ links between Afghan Taliban, TTP|date=11 June 2023|work=Dawn|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1759180|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611140432/https://www.dawn.com/news/1759180|archive-date=11 June 2023}}</ref>
** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Taliban.svg}} [[Haqqani network]]
* {{Flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} [[Hezbollah]] (sometimes)<ref>{{harvnb|Gunaratna|2002|pp=12, 86}}: "By forging a tactical relationship with Hezbollah, Al Qaeda mastered the art of bombing buildings."</ref>
}}
| opponents        = {{Collapsible list |title={{Nbsp}}| '''State opponents:'''
* {{flagcountry|Iran}} (sometimes)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Andrew |first1=Jeong |title=Militant in Iran identified as al-Qaeda's probable new chief in U.N. report |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/02/15/al-qaeda-leader-saif-al-adel/ |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Iran denies U.S. claims linking Tehran to Al Qaeda's leader - foreign minister |date=February 16, 2023 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-denies-us-claims-linking-tehran-al-qaedas-leader-foreign-minister-2023-02-16/ |work=Reuters |access-date=16 February 2023}}</ref><ref name="Shia Iran"/>
* {{IRQ}}
* {{flagcountry|Lebanon}}
* {{flagcountry|Syria}}
* {{Flag|United States}}
* {{Flag|United Kingdom}}
* {{Flag|France}}
* {{Flag|Israel}}
* {{Flag|India}}
* {{Flag|Russia}}
* {{Flag|Yemen}}
* {{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Byman |first1=Daniel L. |title=The U.S.-Saudi Arabia counterterrorism relationship |url=https://www.brookings.edu/testimonies/the-u-s-saudi-arabia-counterterrorism-relationship/ |website=Brookings |date=November 30, 2001 |access-date=June 8, 2021 |quote=Saudi Arabia considers Al Qaeda to be a mortal enemy}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Turkey}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/opinion/why-is-al-qaeda-attacking-turkish-forces-46837|title=Why is Al Qaeda attacking Turkish forces?|website=Why is Al Qaeda attacking Turkish forces?}}</ref>
* {{Flag|China}}<ref name="uyg1">[http://chinaperspectives.revues.org/648#tocto1n10 "The Chinese regime and the Uyghur dilemma" Summary of {{cite journal|url=http://chinaperspectives.revues.org/648|title=The Uyghurs in Xinjiang – The Malaise Grows|last1=Castets|first1=Rémi|year=2003|journal=China Perspectives|volume=2003|issue=5|doi=10.4000/chinaperspectives.648|access-date=June 10, 2012|doi-access=free}}</ref> 
*{{flagicon|Islamic Republic of Afghanistan}} {{flagcountry|Republic of Afghanistan (1987-1992)}} (1988–1992, 2002–2021)
*{{flagcountry|Soviet Union}} (1988–1989)
'''Non-state opponents:'''
* {{Flag|Islamic State}}
* {{Flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} [[Hezbollah]] (sometimes)
* {{Flagicon image|Ansarullah Flag Vector.svg}} [[Houthis]] (sometimes)<ref name="Saif"/><ref>{{cite web |title=In rare admission, Yemen's Houthis confirm they released Al-Qaeda terrorists |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2254936/middle-east |website=Arab news |date=February 20, 2023 |access-date=20 February 2023}}</ref>
* [[File:Flag of Kurdistan.svg|25px]] [[Peshmerga]]
* {{Flagicon image|People's Protection Units Flag.svg|border=}} [[People's Defense Units|YPG]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of South Yemen.svg}} [[Southern Movement]]
** [[Southern Transitional Council]]

}}
| battles          = {{Collapsible list |title={{Nbsp}}| [[War on Terror]]<br />
In Afghanistan
*[[Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)]]
**[[Battle of Jalalabad (1989)]]
* [[Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)]]
* [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]]
In Tajikistan
* [[Civil war in Tajikistan]]
In Chechnya
* [[Second Chechen War]]
In Yemen
* [[al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen]]
* [[Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)]]
In the Maghreb
* [[Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)|Maghreb insurgency]]
* [[Northern Mali conflict]]
In Iraq
* [[Iraq War]]
* [[Iraqi insurgency (2011–present)|Iraqi insurgency]]
In Pakistan
* [[Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
In Somalia
* [[Somalia War (2006–2009)]]
* [[Somali Civil War (2009–present)]]
In Syria
* [[Syrian Civil War]]
* [[Military intervention against ISIL]]
* [[American-led intervention in Syria]]
In Egypt
* [[Sinai insurgency]]
* [[Egyptian Crisis (2011–14)|Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)]]
In India
* [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Al-Qaeda calls for liberation of Kashmir |via=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5skKkj2eEv0}}</ref>
}}
| status           = 
| designated_as_terror_group_by = [[#Designation as a terrorist group|See below]]
}}

Parameters

Note: When using parameters, avoid the ambiguous abbreviation "N/A", and instead use "unknown" or "none". All subjective or qualitative judgements and numerical quantities or statistics must be cited to a reliable source (see WP:MILMOS#CITE).

name – the formal name of the faction.
native_name – the faction's name in their own language
native_name_lang – ISO 639-1 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{ lang}} for |native_name= instead
war – the war or wars in which the faction participated; for proper grammar, it may be necessary to insert "the" before the name.
image – optional – an image representative of the faction. The image must be given in the form [[File:Example.jpg|300px]]; in particular, the thumb attribute must not be selected.
image_size – optional
image_alt – optional
caption – optional – the text to be placed below the image.
active – the period during which the faction was active.
active2 – optional – the current status of the faction.
ideology – optional – the ideology of the faction, if relevant.
position – optional – the political spectrum of the faction.
motives – optional – goals or motives of the faction.
allegiance – optional
clans – optional – the clans or tribes the faction includes, if relevant.
founders or founder – optional
founding_leader – optional
leaders or leader – the leaders of the faction.
military_leader – optional
political_leader – optional
leader1_title and leader1_name – optional
leader2_title and leader2_name – optional
spokesperson or spokesman – optional
headquarters – optional – the headquarters of the faction.
area – optional – the area in which the faction operated; a map may be included here, if one is available.
strength – optional – the number of personnel comprising the faction.
colours – optional – main colours of the faction.
partof – optional – the larger group of which the faction is a part, if any.
predecessor – optional
split_from – optional
merger_of – optional
previous, originated_as, or original_name – optional – the previous identity of the faction, or the factions from which it emerged.
formerly or former_name – optional
next, became, or later_name – optional – if the faction transformed into another one, the name of that faction.
merged_into or merged_to – optional
split_to – optional – parties that the faction has split into.
successor – optional
allies – optional – the faction's allies in the war.
opponents – optional – the faction's opponents in the war.
battles – optional – any notable battles or wars in which the unit participated. The decision of what constitutes a notable battle is left to the editors of the specific article.
organizations – optional
website or url – optional – official website, if one exists, of the unit.
designated_as_terror_group_by – optional
identification_symbol_label and identification_symbol – optional
identification_symbol_2_label and identification_symbol_2 – optional
identification_symbol_3_label and identification_symbol_3 – optional
identification_symbol_4_label and identification_symbol_4 – optional

Example

Islamic Courts Union
اتحاد المحاكم الإسلامية Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga
Leaders	Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, Hassan Dahir Aweys
Dates of operation	June 6, 2006–2007
Group(s)	Habar Gidir, Abgaal, Rahanweyn, Ogaden, Marehan and some support from many other clans
Motives	Impose sharia in Somalia.
Headquarters	Mogadishu
Active regions	Central and southern Somalia
Status	Inactive
Allies	Mujahideen organizations, including Al Qaeda Various Muslim and anti-Ethiopian nations including Eritrea (alleged)
Opponents	Clan-based warlords Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism Juba Valley Alliance Transitional Federal Government Puntland Galmudug Ethiopia United States
Battles and wars	the Somali Civil War
Preceded by Unaligned Islamic sharia courts movements

{{Infobox war faction
| name = Islamic Courts Union
| native_name = اتحاد المحاكم الإسلامية<br/>''Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga''
| native_name_lang = ar
| war = the [[Somali Civil War]]
| image = [[File:Flag_of_the_Islamic_Courts_Union.svg|300px]]
| caption = The flag of the Islamic Courts Union.
| leaders = [[Sharif Sheikh Ahmed]],<br/> [[Hassan Dahir Aweys]]
| clans = [[Habar Gidir]], [[Abgaal]], [[Rahanweyn]], [[Ogaden]], [[Marehan]] and some support from many other clans
| active = June 6, 2006–present
| status = Active
| motives = Impose [[sharia]] in Somalia.
| headquarters = [[Mogadishu]]
| area = Central and southern [[Somalia]]
| predecessor = Unaligned Islamic [[sharia]] courts movements
| successor =
| allies = {{unbulleted list
  | [[Mujahideen]] organizations, including [[Al Qaeda]]
  | Various Muslim and anti-Ethiopian nations including [[Eritrea]] (alleged)
  }}
| opponents = {{unbulleted list
  | Clan-based warlords
  | [[Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism]]
  | [[Juba Valley Alliance]]
  | [[Transitional Federal Government]]
  | [[Puntland]]
  | [[Galmudug]]
  | [[Ethiopia]]
  | [[United States]]
  }}
}}

Tracking category

Category:War faction articles using ambiguous parameters (0)

TemplateData

TemplateData documentation used by VisualEditor and other tools

See a monthly parameter usage report for Template:Infobox war faction in articles based on its TemplateData.

TemplateData for Infobox war faction

A war faction infobox may be used to summarize information about a particular faction participating in a war; it should not be used for regular military units and formations.

Template parameters Edit template data
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Name	`name`	The formal name of the faction in English.	Line	required
Native name	`native_name`	The faction's name in their own language.	Line	optional
Native name language	`native_name_lang`	The ISO 639-1 code of the language used for its native name.	Line	optional
War(s)	`war`	The war or wars in which the faction participated; you might need to insert "the" at the beginning of this phrase.	String	suggested
Image	`image`	An image representative of the faction. It must be given in the from [[File:Example.jpg\|300px]]	Content	suggested
Caption of the image	`caption`	The text to be placed below the image	Line	suggested
Active period	`active`	The period during which the faction was active.	Line	required
Ideology	`ideology`	The ideology of the faction, if relevant.	Content	optional
Groups	`clans`	The clans or tribes the faction includes.	Content	optional
Leaders	`leaders` `leader`	The leaders of the faction.	Content	required
Headquarters	`headquarters`	The headquarters of the faction.	Line	suggested
Area	`area`	The area in which the faction operated; a map may be included here.	Content	suggested
Size	`strength`	The number of personnel comprising the faction	Line	optional
Part of	`partof`	The larger group of which the faction is a part.	Line	optional
Originated as	`previous` `originated_as` `original_name`	The previous identity of the faction, or the factions from which it emerged.	Content	optional
Became	`next` `became` `later_name`	If the faction transformed into another one, the name of that faction.	Content	optional
Allies	`allies`	The faction's allies in the war.	Content	optional
Split to	`split_to`	Parties that the faction has an split into.	Content	optional
Opponents	`opponents`	The faction's opponents in the war.	Content	optional
Battles and wars	`battles`	Any notable battles or wars in which the unit participated. The decision of what constitutes a notable battle is left to the editors of the specific article.	Content	optional
Organizations	`organizations`	no description	Unknown	optional
Website	`website` `url`	Official website, if one exists, of the unit.	Line	optional
identification_symbol	`identification_symbol`	no description	Unknown	optional
identification_symbol_2	`identification_symbol_2`	no description	Unknown	optional
identification_symbol_label	`identification_symbol_label`	no description	Unknown	optional
identification_symbol_2_label	`identification_symbol_2_label`	no description	Unknown	optional
identification_symbol_3_label	`identification_symbol_3_label`	no description	Unknown	optional
identification_symbol_3	`identification_symbol_3`	no description	Unknown	optional
identification_symbol_4_label	`identification_symbol_4_label`	no description	Unknown	optional
identification_symbol_4	`identification_symbol_4`	no description	Unknown	optional
image_size	`image_size`	no description	Unknown	optional
image_alt	`image_alt`	no description	Unknown	optional
Status	`active2`	The current status of the faction.	Unknown	suggested
Political position	`position`	The political spectrum of the faction.	Unknown	optional
motives	`motives`	The political spectrum of the faction.	Unknown	optional
allegiance	`allegiance`	no description	Unknown	optional
founders	`founders`	no description	Unknown	optional
founder	`founder`	no description	Unknown	optional
founding_leader	`founding_leader`	no description	Unknown	optional
leader_title	`leader_title`	no description	Unknown	optional
military_leader	`military_leader`	no description	Unknown	optional
political_leader	`political_leader`	no description	Unknown	optional
leader1_title	`leader1_title`	no description	Unknown	optional
leader1_name	`leader1_name`	no description	Unknown	optional
leader2_title	`leader2_title`	no description	Unknown	optional
leader2_name	`leader2_name`	no description	Unknown	optional
leader3_title	`leader3_title`	no description	Unknown	optional
leader3_name	`leader3_name`	no description	Unknown	optional
spokesperson	`spokesperson`	no description	Unknown	optional
spokesman	`spokesman`	no description	Unknown	optional
Colours	`colours`	main colours of the faction.	Unknown	optional
predecessor	`predecessor`	no description	Unknown	optional
split_from	`split_from`	no description	Unknown	optional
merger_of	`merger_of`	no description	Unknown	optional
formerly	`formerly`	no description	Unknown	optional
former_name	`former_name`	no description	Unknown	optional
merged_into	`merged_into`	no description	Unknown	optional
merged_to	`merged_to`	no description	Unknown	optional
successor	`successor`	no description	Unknown	optional
designated_as_terror_group_by	`designated_as_terror_group_by`	no description	Unknown	optional
split	`split`	no description	Unknown	optional

The above documentation is transcluded from Template:Infobox war faction/doc.
Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox and testcases pages.
Add categories to the /doc subpage. Subpages of this template.

^ Centanni, Evan (May 31, 2013). "War in Somalia: Map of Al Shabaab Control (June 2013)". Political Geography Now. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
^ "Aden intelligence service building targeted". AFP. Gulf News. August 22, 2015. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
^ ^a ^b Gallagher & Willsky-Ciollo 2021, p. 14
^ ^a ^b ^c Bokhari, Kamran; Senzai, Farid, eds. (2013). "Rejector Islamists: al-Qaeda and Transnational Jihadism". Political Islam in the Age of Democratization. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 101–118. doi: 10.1057/9781137313492_6. ISBN 978-1-137-31349-2.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Moussalli, Ahmad S. (2012). "Sayyid Qutb: Founder of Radical Islamic Political Ideology". In Akbarzadeh, Shahram (ed.). Routledge Handbook of Political Islam (1st ed.). London and New York: Routledge. pp. 24–26. ISBN 978-1-138-57782-4. LCCN 2011025970.
^ O'Bagy, Elizabeth (2012). Middle East Security Report: Al-Qaeda Sunni Islamist Rebels – Jihad in Syria (PDF) (Report). Vol. 6. Washington, D.C.: Institute for the Study of War. p. 27. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2014. Retrieved September 21, 2012.
^ A. Geltzer, Joshua (2010). "4: The al-Qaeda world-view". US Counter-Terrorism Strategy and Al-Qaeda. New York: Routledge. pp. 83, 84. ISBN 0-203-87023-9.
^ Cite error: The named reference Atwan was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Gunaratna 2002, Introduction, pp. 12, 87.
^ Aydınlı, Ersel (2018) [2016]. "The Jihadists pre-9/11". Violent Non-State Actors: From Anarchists to Jihadists. Routledge Studies on Challenges, Crises, and Dissent in World Politics (1st ed.). London and New York: Routledge. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-315-56139-4. LCCN 2015050373.
^ Wright 2006, p. 79
^ Giustozzi, Antonio (2023). "2: The strategies of global jihadists in Pakistan after 2001". Jihadism in Pakistan. New York: I.B. tauris. pp. 27–52. ISBN 978-0-7556-4735-4.
^ Celso, Anthony (2014). "1: Al-Qaeda's Jihadist Worldview". Al-Qaeda’s Post-9/11 Devolution. New York: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 15–29. ISBN 978-1-4411-5589-4.
^ Holbrook, Donald (2017). Al-Qaeda 2.0. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. viii, 2, 3. ISBN 9780190856441.
^ A. Geltzer, Joshua (2010). "4: The al-Qaeda world view". US Counter-Terrorism Strategy and Al-Qaeda. New York: Routledge. pp. 83, 84. ISBN 0-203-87023-9. Al-Qaeda's 'pan-Islamic ideology' seeks to unify the umma not only by emphasising Islam over nationalism but also by specifically calling for unity among all Muslims, including the often hostile Sunnis and Shiites... 'For an organization led by a Sunni fundamentalist' to 'make common cause with Shiite terrorists', and then with potential Shiite supporters more broadly, was considered 'extraordinary'—yet doing so was central to al-Qaeda's vision of Islamic unity against America.
^ Byman, Daniel (2015). "3: Strategy and Tactics". Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-19-021725-9.
^ Gunaratna 2002, p. 87.
^
- Nabil, Rahmatullah. "Iran, Al-Qaeda and the Taliban; Close Relations between Shiite and Sunni Fundamentalists: A Strategic Move or a Matter of Expediency?". Afghan Institute for Strategic Studies. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Ayman Al-Zawahiri became the leader of Al-Qaeda—a leader who was "in favour of" forging an alliance between the Shia and the Sunni against their common enemy—Al-Qaeda developed deeper relations with the IRGC.
- Aly Sergie, Mohammed (27 April 2023). "The Sunni-Shia Divide". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Sunni al-Qaeda and Shia Hezbollah, have not defined their movements in sectarian terms, and have favored using anti-imperialist, anti-Zionist, and anti-American frameworks to define their jihad, or struggle.
- Lupsha, Jonny (8 December 2022). "What Is the Islamic State?". Wondrium Daily. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Bin Laden, a Sunni Muslim, saw cooperation between Islam's two sects—Sunni and Shia—as essential to Al-Qaeda's success.
^
- Devji, Faisal (2005). Landscapes of the Jihad: Militancy, Morality, Modernity. London: Hurst & Company. p. 53. ISBN 1-85065-775-0. Al-Qaeda leaders like Osama Bin Laden or Ayman al-Zawahiri have never been known either to preach or practice anti-Shia politics, indeed the opposite, with Bin Laden repeatedly urging Muslims to ignore internal differences and even appearing to uphold the religious credentials of Shiite Iran by comparing the longed-for-ouster of the Saudi monarch to the expulsion of the Shah
- "The spider in the web". The Economist. 20 September 2001. Archived from the original on 6 June 2023. [Bin Laden] has insisted that differences within the Islamic world should be set aside for the sake of the broader struggle against western and Jewish interests. American officials say there is clear evidence of tactical co-operation between his organisation, al-Qaeda, the government of Iran, and Iran's proxies in Lebanon, the Hizbullah group. From the early 1990s, members of his group and its Egyptian allies were being sent to Lebanon to receive training from Hizbullah: an unusual example of Sunni-Shia co-operation in the broader anti-western struggle.
- al-Aloosy, Massaab (2020). The changing ideology of Hezbollah. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 79. ISBN 978-3-030-34846-5. according to the 9/11 Commission Report, Hezbollah allowed Al-Qaeda activists to train in their camps involved in terrorist attacks against the American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in September 1998... Osama Bin Laden mentioned Hezbollah in a 2003 speech-or as he called them the resistance- in a positive light as the group that compelled the US marines to withdraw from Lebanon
^ Gunaratna 2002, p. 12.
^ Bergen, Peter L., Holy war, Inc.: Inside the Secret World of Osama bin Laden, New York: Free Press, 2001., pp. 70–71
^ "Text of Fatwah Urging Jihad Against Americans". Archived from the original on April 22, 2006. Retrieved May 15, 2006.
^ United States v. Usama bin Laden et al., S (7) 98 Cr. 1023, Testimony of Jamal Ahmed Mohamed al-Fadl ( SDNY February 6, 2001).
^ Lawrence, Bruce (2005). Messages to the World: The Statements of Osama Bin Laden. Verso. ISBN 9781844670451. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022.
^ Borowski, Audrey (2015). "Al Qaeda and ISIS: From Revolution to Apocalypse". Philosophy Now. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders". February 23, 1998. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
^ ^a ^b "Conversation with Terror". Time. January 1999. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
^ ^a ^b "Full text: bin Laden's 'letter to America' | World news". The Observer. August 26, 2013. Archived from the original on August 26, 2013.
^ "frontline: the terrorist and the superpower: who is bin laden?: interview with osama bin laden (in may 1998)". pbs.org. Archived from the original on May 8, 1999.
^ "New ISIS and Al-Qaeda propaganda prioritize the US and Jews as targets". Anti-Defamation League.
^ "Al-Qaeda's Urges Muslims to Shun World Cup, Stops Short of Threats". Voice of America. November 19, 2022. Al Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula, the militant group's Yemen-based branch, criticized Qatar for "bringing immoral people, homosexuals, sowers of corruption and atheism into the Arabian Peninsula" and said the event served to divert attention from the "occupation of Muslim countries and their oppression."
^ Sherlock, Ruth (December 2, 2012). "Inside the most extreme wing". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved December 2, 2012.
^ Ghanmi, Elyès; Punzet, Agnieszka (June 11, 2013). "The involvement of Salafism/Wahhabism in the support and supply of arms to rebel groups around the world" (PDF). European Parliament.
^ Hudson, Valerie (June 30, 2015). The Hillary Doctrine. Columbia University. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-231-53910-4. Retrieved January 15, 2016.
^ ^a ^b Livesey, Bruce (January 25, 2005). "Special Reports – The Salafist Movement: Al Qaeda's New Front". PBS Frontline. WGBH. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
Geltzer, Joshua A. (2011). US Counter-Terrorism Strategy and al-Qaeda: Signalling and the Terrorist World-View (Reprint ed.). Routledge. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-415-66452-3.
^ "The Future of Terrorism: What al-Qaida Really Wants". Der Spiegel. August 12, 2005. Archived from the original on March 7, 2012. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
^ "Al-Qaeda seeks global dominance". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012.
"Jihadists Want Global Caliphate". ThePolitic.com. July 27, 2005. Archived from the original on September 30, 2011. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
Burke, Jason (March 21, 2004). "What exactly does al-Qaeda want?". The Guardian. London.
^ Moghadam, Assaf (2008). The Globalization of Martyrdom: Al Qaeda, Salafi Jihad, and the Diffusion of Suicide Attacks. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-8018-9055-0.
^ Glenn, Cameron (September 28, 2015). "Al Qaeda v ISIS: Ideology & Strategy". Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Making Sense of Iran and al-Qaeda's Relationship". The Lawfare Institute. March 21, 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
^
- Nabil, Rahmatullah. "Iran, Al-Qaeda and the Taliban; Close Relations between Shiite and Sunni Fundamentalists: A Strategic Move or a Matter of Expediency?". Afghan Institute for Strategic Studies. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Ayman Al-Zawahiri became the leader of Al-Qaeda—a leader who was "in favour of" forging an alliance between the Shia and the Sunni against their common enemy—Al-Qaeda developed deeper relations with the IRGC.
- Aly Sergie, Mohammed (27 April 2023). "The Sunni-Shia Divide". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Sunni al-Qaeda and Shia Hezbollah, have not defined their movements in sectarian terms, and have favored using anti-imperialist, anti-Zionist, and anti-American frameworks to define their jihad, or struggle.
- Lupsha, Jonny (8 December 2022). "What Is the Islamic State?". Wondrium Daily. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Bin Laden, a Sunni Muslim, saw cooperation between Islam's two sects—Sunni and Shia—as essential to Al-Qaeda's success.
^
- Devji, Faisal (2005). Landscapes of the Jihad: Militancy, Morality, Modernity. London: Hurst & Company. p. 53. ISBN 1-85065-775-0. Al-Qaeda leaders like Osama Bin Laden or Ayman al-Zawahiri have never been known either to preach or practice anti-Shia politics, indeed the opposite, with Bin Laden repeatedly urging Muslims to ignore internal differences and even appearing to uphold the religious credentials of Shiite Iran by comparing the longed-for-ouster of the Saudi monarch to the expulsion of the Shah
- "The spider in the web". The Economist. 20 September 2001. Archived from the original on 6 June 2023. [Bin Laden] has insisted that differences within the Islamic world should be set aside for the sake of the broader struggle against western and Jewish interests. American officials say there is clear evidence of tactical co-operation between his organisation, al-Qaeda, the government of Iran, and Iran's proxies in Lebanon, the Hizbullah group. From the early 1990s, members of his group and its Egyptian allies were being sent to Lebanon to receive training from Hizbullah: an unusual example of Sunni-Shia co-operation in the broader anti-western struggle.
- al-Aloosy, Massaab (2020). The changing ideology of Hezbollah. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 79. ISBN 978-3-030-34846-5. according to the 9/11 Commission Report, Hezbollah allowed Al-Qaeda activists to train in their camps involved in terrorist attacks against the American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in September 1998... Osama Bin Laden mentioned Hezbollah in a 2003 speech-or as he called them the resistance- in a positive light as the group that compelled the US marines to withdraw from Lebanon
^ Hoffman, Bruce (March 6, 2018). "Al-Qaeda's Resurrection". Council on Foreign Relations.
^ "Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM)". Council on Foreign Relations. March 27, 2015. Archived from the original on May 11, 2015. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
^ "Profile: Al-Qaeda in North Africa". BBC. January 17, 2013. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
^ "UN report indicates al-Qaeda and ISIS enjoy safe haven in Turkish-controlled Idlib". Nordic Monitor. 9 February 2022. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
^ "S/2023/95". United Nations Security Council. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
^ "Who are Somalia's al-Shabab?". BBC News. December 22, 2017.
^ Mohammad Abdulssattar Ibrahim (22 September 2019). "Is HTS benefitting from Coalition airstrikes against foreign jihadists?". Syria Direct. Archived from the original on 24 September 2019. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
^ Bozkurt, Abdullah (February 9, 2022). "UN report indicates al-Qaeda and ISIS enjoy safe haven in Turkish-controlled Idlib". Nordic Monitor. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
^ "Fourteenth report of the Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team" (PDF). UN Security Council. 1 June 2023. pp. 3–22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2023 – via ecoi.net. The link between the Taliban and both Al-Qaida and Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) remains strong and symbiotic..The relationship between the Taliban and Al-Qaida remained close and symbiotic, with Al-Qaida viewing Taliban-administered Afghanistan a safe haven. Al-Qaida still aims to strengthen its position in Afghanistan and has been interacting with the Taliban, supporting the regime and protecting senior Taliban figures. Al-Qaida maintains a low profile, focusing on using the country as an ideological and logistical hub to mobilize and recruit new fighters while covertly rebuilding its external operations capability
^ "UN report finds 'strong and symbiotic' links between Afghan Taliban, TTP". Dawn. 11 June 2023. Archived from the original on 11 June 2023.
^ Mir, Asfandyar (October 2020). "Afghanistan's Terrorism Challenge: The Political Trajectories of al-Qaeda, the Afghan Taliban, and the Islamic State" (PDF). Middle East Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
^ Roggio, Bill (2 September 2021). "National Resistance Front repels multi-day Taliban assault on Panjshir | FDD's Long War Journal". www.longwarjournal.org. Archived from the original on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
^ "The Growing Relationship between Iran and al-Shabab Movement in Somalia: Motives and Potential Consequences". Emirates Policy Center. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c Hussam Radman, Assim al-Sabri (2023-02-28). "Leadership from Iran: How Al-Qaeda in Yemen Fell Under the Sway of Saif al-Adel". Sana'a Center For Strategic Studies. Retrieved 2023-04-04.
^ "Study questions Iran-al Qaeda ties, despite U.S. allegations". Reuters. September 7, 2018 – via www.reuters.com.
^ "Treasury Targets Al Qaida Operatives in Iran". treasury.gov.
^ "The 'airlift of evil'". NBC News. December 11, 2003.
^ "Pakistan military denies BBC report on Taliban links". October 27, 2011.
^ Gall, Carlotta (March 19, 2014). "What Pakistan Knew About Bin Laden". The New York Times.
^ Haaretz; Press, The Associated (July 11, 2017). "Fact Check: Is Qatar Supporting Terrorism? A Look at Its Ties to Iran, ISIS and the Muslim Brotherhood". Haaretz.
^ Thomas, Carls. "The Saudis channel the mafia: Fears of Saudi retaliation deter truth about 9/11". The Washington Times. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
^ Tisdall, Simon (July 26, 2010). "Afghanistan war logs reveal hand of Osama bin Laden". The Guardian. London.
^ "Al-Qaeda's North and West African branches respond to the Hamas-led invasion of Israel". FDD's Long War Journal. 13 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
^ "Al Shabaab jihadists praise Hamas' attack, Kenya's counter-terrorism unit is on alert". Agenzia Nova. October 12, 2023. Archived from the original on October 12, 2023. Retrieved October 12, 2023.
^ "Somalia: Al-Shabaab praises Hamas attack on Israel". Somali guardian. October 12, 2023. Archived from the original on October 12, 2023. Retrieved October 12, 2023.
^ "Fourteenth report of the Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team" (PDF). UN Security Council. 1 June 2023. pp. 3–22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2023 – via ecoi.net. The link between the Taliban and both Al-Qaida and Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) remains strong and symbiotic..The relationship between the Taliban and Al-Qaida remained close and symbiotic, with Al-Qaida viewing Taliban-administered Afghanistan a safe haven.
^ "UN report finds 'strong and symbiotic' links between Afghan Taliban, TTP". Dawn. 11 June 2023. Archived from the original on 11 June 2023.
^ Gunaratna 2002, pp. 12, 86: "By forging a tactical relationship with Hezbollah, Al Qaeda mastered the art of bombing buildings."
^ Andrew, Jeong. "Militant in Iran identified as al-Qaeda's probable new chief in U.N. report". The Washington Post.
^ "Iran denies U.S. claims linking Tehran to Al Qaeda's leader - foreign minister". Reuters. February 16, 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
^ Byman, Daniel L. (November 30, 2001). "The U.S.-Saudi Arabia counterterrorism relationship". Brookings. Retrieved June 8, 2021. Saudi Arabia considers Al Qaeda to be a mortal enemy
^ "Why is Al Qaeda attacking Turkish forces?". Why is Al Qaeda attacking Turkish forces?.
^ "The Chinese regime and the Uyghur dilemma" Summary of Castets, Rémi (2003). "The Uyghurs in Xinjiang – The Malaise Grows". China Perspectives. 2003 (5). doi: 10.4000/chinaperspectives.648. Retrieved June 10, 2012.
^ "In rare admission, Yemen's Houthis confirm they released Al-Qaeda terrorists". Arab news. February 20, 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
^ "Al-Qaeda calls for liberation of Kashmir" – via YouTube.

[1] Centanni, Evan (May 31, 2013). "War in Somalia: Map of Al Shabaab Control (June 2013)". Political Geography Now. Retrieved August 18, 2014.

[2] "Aden intelligence service building targeted". AFP. Gulf News. August 22, 2015. Retrieved August 22, 2015.

[gallagher14-3] Gallagher & Willsky-Ciollo 2021, p. 14

[Bokhari-Senzai_2013-4] Bokhari, Kamran; Senzai, Farid, eds. (2013). "Rejector Islamists: al-Qaeda and Transnational Jihadism". Political Islam in the Age of Democratization. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 101–118. doi: 10.1057/9781137313492_6. ISBN 978-1-137-31349-2.

[Moussalli_2012-5] Moussalli, Ahmad S. (2012). "Sayyid Qutb: Founder of Radical Islamic Political Ideology". In Akbarzadeh, Shahram (ed.). Routledge Handbook of Political Islam (1st ed.). London and New York: Routledge. pp. 24–26. ISBN 978-1-138-57782-4. LCCN 2011025970.

[MESR-6] O'Bagy, Elizabeth (2012). Middle East Security Report: Al-Qaeda Sunni Islamist Rebels – Jihad in Syria (PDF) (Report). Vol. 6. Washington, D.C.: Institute for the Study of War. p. 27. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2014. Retrieved September 21, 2012.

[7] A. Geltzer, Joshua (2010). "4: The al-Qaeda world-view". US Counter-Terrorism Strategy and Al-Qaeda. New York: Routledge. pp. 83, 84. ISBN 0-203-87023-9.

[Atwan-8] Cite error: The named reference Atwan was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[FOOTNOTEGunaratna2002''Introduction'',_pp._12,_87-9] Gunaratna 2002, Introduction, pp. 12, 87.

[10] Aydınlı, Ersel (2018) [2016]. "The Jihadists pre-9/11". Violent Non-State Actors: From Anarchists to Jihadists. Routledge Studies on Challenges, Crises, and Dissent in World Politics (1st ed.). London and New York: Routledge. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-315-56139-4. LCCN 2015050373.

[11] Wright 2006, p. 79

[12] Giustozzi, Antonio (2023). "2: The strategies of global jihadists in Pakistan after 2001". Jihadism in Pakistan. New York: I.B. tauris. pp. 27–52. ISBN 978-0-7556-4735-4.

[13] Celso, Anthony (2014). "1: Al-Qaeda's Jihadist Worldview". Al-Qaeda’s Post-9/11 Devolution. New York: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 15–29. ISBN 978-1-4411-5589-4.

[14] Holbrook, Donald (2017). Al-Qaeda 2.0. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. viii, 2, 3. ISBN 9780190856441.

[15] A. Geltzer, Joshua (2010). "4: The al-Qaeda world view". US Counter-Terrorism Strategy and Al-Qaeda. New York: Routledge. pp. 83, 84. ISBN 0-203-87023-9. Al-Qaeda's 'pan-Islamic ideology' seeks to unify the umma not only by emphasising Islam over nationalism but also by specifically calling for unity among all Muslims, including the often hostile Sunnis and Shiites... 'For an organization led by a Sunni fundamentalist' to 'make common cause with Shiite terrorists', and then with potential Shiite supporters more broadly, was considered 'extraordinary'—yet doing so was central to al-Qaeda's vision of Islamic unity against America.

[16] Byman, Daniel (2015). "3: Strategy and Tactics". Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-19-021725-9.

[FOOTNOTEGunaratna200287-17] Gunaratna 2002, p. 87.

[18] 
Nabil, Rahmatullah. "Iran, Al-Qaeda and the Taliban; Close Relations between Shiite and Sunni Fundamentalists: A Strategic Move or a Matter of Expediency?". Afghan Institute for Strategic Studies. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Ayman Al-Zawahiri became the leader of Al-Qaeda—a leader who was "in favour of" forging an alliance between the Shia and the Sunni against their common enemy—Al-Qaeda developed deeper relations with the IRGC.

Aly Sergie, Mohammed (27 April 2023). "The Sunni-Shia Divide". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Sunni al-Qaeda and Shia Hezbollah, have not defined their movements in sectarian terms, and have favored using anti-imperialist, anti-Zionist, and anti-American frameworks to define their jihad, or struggle.

Lupsha, Jonny (8 December 2022). "What Is the Islamic State?". Wondrium Daily. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Bin Laden, a Sunni Muslim, saw cooperation between Islam's two sects—Sunni and Shia—as essential to Al-Qaeda's success.

[19] Nabil, Rahmatullah. "Iran, Al-Qaeda and the Taliban; Close Relations between Shiite and Sunni Fundamentalists: A Strategic Move or a Matter of Expediency?". Afghan Institute for Strategic Studies. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Ayman Al-Zawahiri became the leader of Al-Qaeda—a leader who was "in favour of" forging an alliance between the Shia and the Sunni against their common enemy—Al-Qaeda developed deeper relations with the IRGC.

[20] Aly Sergie, Mohammed (27 April 2023). "The Sunni-Shia Divide". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Sunni al-Qaeda and Shia Hezbollah, have not defined their movements in sectarian terms, and have favored using anti-imperialist, anti-Zionist, and anti-American frameworks to define their jihad, or struggle.

[21] Lupsha, Jonny (8 December 2022). "What Is the Islamic State?". Wondrium Daily. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Bin Laden, a Sunni Muslim, saw cooperation between Islam's two sects—Sunni and Shia—as essential to Al-Qaeda's success.

[19] 
Devji, Faisal (2005). Landscapes of the Jihad: Militancy, Morality, Modernity. London: Hurst & Company. p. 53. ISBN 1-85065-775-0. Al-Qaeda leaders like Osama Bin Laden or Ayman al-Zawahiri have never been known either to preach or practice anti-Shia politics, indeed the opposite, with Bin Laden repeatedly urging Muslims to ignore internal differences and even appearing to uphold the religious credentials of Shiite Iran by comparing the longed-for-ouster of the Saudi monarch to the expulsion of the Shah

"The spider in the web". The Economist. 20 September 2001. Archived from the original on 6 June 2023. [Bin Laden] has insisted that differences within the Islamic world should be set aside for the sake of the broader struggle against western and Jewish interests. American officials say there is clear evidence of tactical co-operation between his organisation, al-Qaeda, the government of Iran, and Iran's proxies in Lebanon, the Hizbullah group. From the early 1990s, members of his group and its Egyptian allies were being sent to Lebanon to receive training from Hizbullah: an unusual example of Sunni-Shia co-operation in the broader anti-western struggle.

al-Aloosy, Massaab (2020). The changing ideology of Hezbollah. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 79. ISBN 978-3-030-34846-5. according to the 9/11 Commission Report, Hezbollah allowed Al-Qaeda activists to train in their camps involved in terrorist attacks against the American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in September 1998... Osama Bin Laden mentioned Hezbollah in a 2003 speech-or as he called them the resistance- in a positive light as the group that compelled the US marines to withdraw from Lebanon

[23] Devji, Faisal (2005). Landscapes of the Jihad: Militancy, Morality, Modernity. London: Hurst & Company. p. 53. ISBN 1-85065-775-0. Al-Qaeda leaders like Osama Bin Laden or Ayman al-Zawahiri have never been known either to preach or practice anti-Shia politics, indeed the opposite, with Bin Laden repeatedly urging Muslims to ignore internal differences and even appearing to uphold the religious credentials of Shiite Iran by comparing the longed-for-ouster of the Saudi monarch to the expulsion of the Shah

[24] "The spider in the web". The Economist. 20 September 2001. Archived from the original on 6 June 2023. [Bin Laden] has insisted that differences within the Islamic world should be set aside for the sake of the broader struggle against western and Jewish interests. American officials say there is clear evidence of tactical co-operation between his organisation, al-Qaeda, the government of Iran, and Iran's proxies in Lebanon, the Hizbullah group. From the early 1990s, members of his group and its Egyptian allies were being sent to Lebanon to receive training from Hizbullah: an unusual example of Sunni-Shia co-operation in the broader anti-western struggle.

[25] -Aloosy, Massaab (2020). The changing ideology of Hezbollah. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 79. ISBN 978-3-030-34846-5. according to the 9/11 Commission Report, Hezbollah allowed Al-Qaeda activists to train in their camps involved in terrorist attacks against the American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in September 1998... Osama Bin Laden mentioned Hezbollah in a 2003 speech-or as he called them the resistance- in a positive light as the group that compelled the US marines to withdraw from Lebanon

[FOOTNOTEGunaratna200212-20] Gunaratna 2002, p. 12.

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Nabil, Rahmatullah. "Iran, Al-Qaeda and the Taliban; Close Relations between Shiite and Sunni Fundamentalists: A Strategic Move or a Matter of Expediency?". Afghan Institute for Strategic Studies. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Ayman Al-Zawahiri became the leader of Al-Qaeda—a leader who was "in favour of" forging an alliance between the Shia and the Sunni against their common enemy—Al-Qaeda developed deeper relations with the IRGC.

Aly Sergie, Mohammed (27 April 2023). "The Sunni-Shia Divide". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Sunni al-Qaeda and Shia Hezbollah, have not defined their movements in sectarian terms, and have favored using anti-imperialist, anti-Zionist, and anti-American frameworks to define their jihad, or struggle.

Lupsha, Jonny (8 December 2022). "What Is the Islamic State?". Wondrium Daily. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Bin Laden, a Sunni Muslim, saw cooperation between Islam's two sects—Sunni and Shia—as essential to Al-Qaeda's success.

[48] Nabil, Rahmatullah. "Iran, Al-Qaeda and the Taliban; Close Relations between Shiite and Sunni Fundamentalists: A Strategic Move or a Matter of Expediency?". Afghan Institute for Strategic Studies. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Ayman Al-Zawahiri became the leader of Al-Qaeda—a leader who was "in favour of" forging an alliance between the Shia and the Sunni against their common enemy—Al-Qaeda developed deeper relations with the IRGC.

[49] Aly Sergie, Mohammed (27 April 2023). "The Sunni-Shia Divide". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Sunni al-Qaeda and Shia Hezbollah, have not defined their movements in sectarian terms, and have favored using anti-imperialist, anti-Zionist, and anti-American frameworks to define their jihad, or struggle.

[50] Lupsha, Jonny (8 December 2022). "What Is the Islamic State?". Wondrium Daily. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Bin Laden, a Sunni Muslim, saw cooperation between Islam's two sects—Sunni and Shia—as essential to Al-Qaeda's success.

[42] 
Devji, Faisal (2005). Landscapes of the Jihad: Militancy, Morality, Modernity. London: Hurst & Company. p. 53. ISBN 1-85065-775-0. Al-Qaeda leaders like Osama Bin Laden or Ayman al-Zawahiri have never been known either to preach or practice anti-Shia politics, indeed the opposite, with Bin Laden repeatedly urging Muslims to ignore internal differences and even appearing to uphold the religious credentials of Shiite Iran by comparing the longed-for-ouster of the Saudi monarch to the expulsion of the Shah

"The spider in the web". The Economist. 20 September 2001. Archived from the original on 6 June 2023. [Bin Laden] has insisted that differences within the Islamic world should be set aside for the sake of the broader struggle against western and Jewish interests. American officials say there is clear evidence of tactical co-operation between his organisation, al-Qaeda, the government of Iran, and Iran's proxies in Lebanon, the Hizbullah group. From the early 1990s, members of his group and its Egyptian allies were being sent to Lebanon to receive training from Hizbullah: an unusual example of Sunni-Shia co-operation in the broader anti-western struggle.

al-Aloosy, Massaab (2020). The changing ideology of Hezbollah. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 79. ISBN 978-3-030-34846-5. according to the 9/11 Commission Report, Hezbollah allowed Al-Qaeda activists to train in their camps involved in terrorist attacks against the American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in September 1998... Osama Bin Laden mentioned Hezbollah in a 2003 speech-or as he called them the resistance- in a positive light as the group that compelled the US marines to withdraw from Lebanon

[52] Devji, Faisal (2005). Landscapes of the Jihad: Militancy, Morality, Modernity. London: Hurst & Company. p. 53. ISBN 1-85065-775-0. Al-Qaeda leaders like Osama Bin Laden or Ayman al-Zawahiri have never been known either to preach or practice anti-Shia politics, indeed the opposite, with Bin Laden repeatedly urging Muslims to ignore internal differences and even appearing to uphold the religious credentials of Shiite Iran by comparing the longed-for-ouster of the Saudi monarch to the expulsion of the Shah

[53] "The spider in the web". The Economist. 20 September 2001. Archived from the original on 6 June 2023. [Bin Laden] has insisted that differences within the Islamic world should be set aside for the sake of the broader struggle against western and Jewish interests. American officials say there is clear evidence of tactical co-operation between his organisation, al-Qaeda, the government of Iran, and Iran's proxies in Lebanon, the Hizbullah group. From the early 1990s, members of his group and its Egyptian allies were being sent to Lebanon to receive training from Hizbullah: an unusual example of Sunni-Shia co-operation in the broader anti-western struggle.

[54] -Aloosy, Massaab (2020). The changing ideology of Hezbollah. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 79. ISBN 978-3-030-34846-5. according to the 9/11 Commission Report, Hezbollah allowed Al-Qaeda activists to train in their camps involved in terrorist attacks against the American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in September 1998... Osama Bin Laden mentioned Hezbollah in a 2003 speech-or as he called them the resistance- in a positive light as the group that compelled the US marines to withdraw from Lebanon

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