the domestic cat was the second most popular pet in the
United States, with 95.6 million cats owned and around 42 million households owning at least one cat. In the
United Kingdom, 26% of adults have a cat, with an estimated population of 10.9 million pet cats there were an estimated 220 million owned and 480 million stray cats in the world. (Full article...)
Image 2
The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a
domesticated descendant of the
wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it was domesticated from an
extinct population of
Pleistocene wolves over 14,000 years ago. The dog was the first
species to be domesticated by
humans. Experts estimate that
hunter-gatherers domesticated dogs more than 15,000 years ago, which was before the
development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a
starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other
canids.
The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a
domesticated descendant of the
wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it was domesticated from an
extinct population of
Pleistocene wolves over 14,000 years ago. The dog was the first
species to be domesticated by
humans. Experts estimate that
hunter-gatherers domesticated dogs more than 15,000 years ago, which was before the
development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a
starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other
canids.
the domestic cat was the second most popular pet in the
United States, with 95.6 million cats owned and around 42 million households owning at least one cat. In the
United Kingdom, 26% of adults have a cat, with an estimated population of 10.9 million pet cats there were an estimated 220 million owned and 480 million stray cats in the world. (Full article...)
{{Transclude excerpts as random slideshow|Cat|Dog |files=1 |more= |paragraphs=1}}
The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a
domesticated descendant of the
wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it was domesticated from an
extinct population of
Pleistocene wolves over 14,000 years ago. The dog was the first
species to be domesticated by
humans. Experts estimate that
hunter-gatherers domesticated dogs more than 15,000 years ago, which was before the
development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a
starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other
canids. (Full article...)
The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a
domesticated descendant of the
wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it was domesticated from an
extinct population of
Pleistocene wolves over 14,000 years ago. The dog was the first
species to be domesticated by
humans. Experts estimate that
hunter-gatherers domesticated dogs more than 15,000 years ago, which was before the
development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a
starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other
canids. (Full article...)
The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a
domesticated descendant of the
wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it was domesticated from an
extinct population of
Pleistocene wolves over 14,000 years ago. The dog was the first
species to be domesticated by
humans. Experts estimate that
hunter-gatherers domesticated dogs more than 15,000 years ago, which was before the
development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a
starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other
canids.
The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a
domesticated descendant of the
wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it was domesticated from an
extinct population of
Pleistocene wolves over 14,000 years ago. The dog was the first
species to be domesticated by
humans. Experts estimate that
hunter-gatherers domesticated dogs more than 15,000 years ago, which was before the
development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a
starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other
canids.
the domestic cat was the second most popular pet in the
United States, with 95.6 million cats owned and around 42 million households owning at least one cat. In the
United Kingdom, 26% of adults have a cat, with an estimated population of 10.9 million pet cats there were an estimated 220 million owned and 480 million stray cats in the world. (Full article...)
Image 2
The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a
domesticated descendant of the
wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it was domesticated from an
extinct population of
Pleistocene wolves over 14,000 years ago. The dog was the first
species to be domesticated by
humans. Experts estimate that
hunter-gatherers domesticated dogs more than 15,000 years ago, which was before the
development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a
starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other
canids.
The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a
domesticated descendant of the
wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it was domesticated from an
extinct population of
Pleistocene wolves over 14,000 years ago. The dog was the first
species to be domesticated by
humans. Experts estimate that
hunter-gatherers domesticated dogs more than 15,000 years ago, which was before the
development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a
starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other
canids.
the domestic cat was the second most popular pet in the
United States, with 95.6 million cats owned and around 42 million households owning at least one cat. In the
United Kingdom, 26% of adults have a cat, with an estimated population of 10.9 million pet cats there were an estimated 220 million owned and 480 million stray cats in the world. (Full article...)
Cat, Dog, Horse, Bird
{{Transclude excerpts as random slideshow|Cat|Dog|Horse|Bird}}
The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a
domesticated descendant of the
wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it was domesticated from an
extinct population of
Pleistocene wolves over 14,000 years ago. The dog was the first
species to be domesticated by
humans. Experts estimate that
hunter-gatherers domesticated dogs more than 15,000 years ago, which was before the
development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a
starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other
canids.
Birds are a group of
warm-bloodedvertebrates constituting the
classAves (/ˈeɪviːz/), characterised by
feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the
laying of
hard-shelled eggs, a high
metabolic rate, a four-chambered
heart, and a strong yet lightweight
skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the 5.5 cm (2.2 in)
bee hummingbird to the 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
common ostrich. There are over 11,000 living species, more than half of which are
passerine, or "perching" birds. Birds have
wings whose development varies according to species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct
moa and
elephant birds. Wings, which are modified
forelimbs, gave birds the ability to fly, although further evolution has led to the
loss of flight in some birds, including
ratites,
penguins, and diverse
endemic island species. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely adapted for flight. Some bird species of aquatic environments, particularly
seabirds and some
waterbirds, have further evolved for swimming. The study of birds is called
ornithology.
Many
social species pass on knowledge across generations, which is considered
a form of culture. Birds are social, communicating with visual signals, calls, and
songs, and participating in such behaviours as
cooperative breeding and hunting,
flocking, and
mobbing of predators. The vast majority of bird species are socially (but not necessarily sexually)
monogamous, usually for one breeding season at a time, sometimes for years, and rarely for life. Other species have breeding systems that are
polygynous (one male with many females) or, rarely,
polyandrous (one female with many males). Birds produce offspring by laying eggs which are fertilised through
sexual reproduction. They are usually laid in a nest and
incubated by the parents. Most birds have an extended period of parental care after hatching.
Many species of birds are economically important as food for human consumption and raw material in manufacturing, with
domesticated and
undomesticated birds being important sources of eggs, meat, and feathers.
Songbirds, parrots, and other species are popular as pets.
Guano (bird excrement) is harvested for use as a fertiliser. Birds figure throughout human culture. About 120 to 130 species have become
extinct due to human activity since the 17th century, and hundreds more before then. Human activity threatens about 1,200 bird species with extinction, though efforts are underway to protect them. Recreational
birdwatching is an important part of the
ecotourism industry. (Full article...)
Image 3
The horse (Equus ferus caballus) is a
domesticated,
one-toed,
hoofed mammal. It belongs to the taxonomic family
Equidae and is one of two
extantsubspecies of
Equus ferus. The horse has
evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, close to Eohippus, into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began domesticating horses around 4000
BCE, and their
domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BCE. Horses in the subspecies caballus are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as
feral horses. These feral populations are not true
wild horses, which are horses that never have been domesticated and historically linked to the megafauna category of species. There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from
anatomy to life stages, size,
colors,
markings,
breeds,
locomotion, and behavior.
Horses are
adapted to run, allowing them to quickly escape predators, and possess a good
sense of balance and a strong
fight-or-flight response. Related to this need to flee from predators in the wild is an unusual trait: horses are able to sleep both standing up and lying down, with younger horses tending to sleep significantly more than adults. Female horses, called
mares, carry their young for approximately 11 months and a young horse, called a
foal, can stand and run shortly following birth. Most domesticated horses begin training under a
saddle or in a
harness between the ages of two and four. They reach full adult development by age five, and have an average lifespan of between 25 and 30 years.
Horse breeds are loosely divided into three categories based on general temperament: spirited "hot bloods" with speed and endurance; "cold bloods", such as
draft horses and some
ponies, suitable for slow, heavy work; and "
warmbloods", developed from crosses between hot bloods and cold bloods, often focusing on creating breeds for specific riding purposes, particularly in Europe. There are more than 300 breeds of horse in the world today, developed for many different uses.
Horses and humans interact in a wide variety of sport competitions and non-competitive recreational pursuits as well as in working activities such as
police work,
agriculture, entertainment, and
therapy. Horses were historically used in warfare, from which a wide variety of
riding and
driving techniques developed, using many different styles of
equipment and methods of control. Many products are derived from horses, including
meat,
milk,
hide,
hair, bone, and
pharmaceuticals extracted from the urine of pregnant mares. Humans provide domesticated horses with food, water, and shelter, as well as attention from specialists such as
veterinarians and
farriers. (Full article...)
the domestic cat was the second most popular pet in the
United States, with 95.6 million cats owned and around 42 million households owning at least one cat. In the
United Kingdom, 26% of adults have a cat, with an estimated population of 10.9 million pet cats there were an estimated 220 million owned and 480 million stray cats in the world. (Full article...)
the domestic cat was the second most popular pet in the
United States, with 95.6 million cats owned and around 42 million households owning at least one cat. In the
United Kingdom, 26% of adults have a cat, with an estimated population of 10.9 million pet cats there were an estimated 220 million owned and 480 million stray cats in the world. (Full article...)
Image 2
Birds are a group of
warm-bloodedvertebrates constituting the
classAves (/ˈeɪviːz/), characterised by
feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the
laying of
hard-shelled eggs, a high
metabolic rate, a four-chambered
heart, and a strong yet lightweight
skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the 5.5 cm (2.2 in)
bee hummingbird to the 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
common ostrich. There are over 11,000 living species, more than half of which are
passerine, or "perching" birds. Birds have
wings whose development varies according to species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct
moa and
elephant birds. Wings, which are modified
forelimbs, gave birds the ability to fly, although further evolution has led to the
loss of flight in some birds, including
ratites,
penguins, and diverse
endemic island species. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely adapted for flight. Some bird species of aquatic environments, particularly
seabirds and some
waterbirds, have further evolved for swimming. The study of birds is called
ornithology.
Many
social species pass on knowledge across generations, which is considered
a form of culture. Birds are social, communicating with visual signals, calls, and
songs, and participating in such behaviours as
cooperative breeding and hunting,
flocking, and
mobbing of predators. The vast majority of bird species are socially (but not necessarily sexually)
monogamous, usually for one breeding season at a time, sometimes for years, and rarely for life. Other species have breeding systems that are
polygynous (one male with many females) or, rarely,
polyandrous (one female with many males). Birds produce offspring by laying eggs which are fertilised through
sexual reproduction. They are usually laid in a nest and
incubated by the parents. Most birds have an extended period of parental care after hatching.
Many species of birds are economically important as food for human consumption and raw material in manufacturing, with
domesticated and
undomesticated birds being important sources of eggs, meat, and feathers.
Songbirds, parrots, and other species are popular as pets.
Guano (bird excrement) is harvested for use as a fertiliser. Birds figure throughout human culture. About 120 to 130 species have become
extinct due to human activity since the 17th century, and hundreds more before then. Human activity threatens about 1,200 bird species with extinction, though efforts are underway to protect them. Recreational
birdwatching is an important part of the
ecotourism industry. (Full article...)
Image 3
The horse (Equus ferus caballus) is a
domesticated,
one-toed,
hoofed mammal. It belongs to the taxonomic family
Equidae and is one of two
extantsubspecies of
Equus ferus. The horse has
evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, close to Eohippus, into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began domesticating horses around 4000
BCE, and their
domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BCE. Horses in the subspecies caballus are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as
feral horses. These feral populations are not true
wild horses, which are horses that never have been domesticated and historically linked to the megafauna category of species. There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from
anatomy to life stages, size,
colors,
markings,
breeds,
locomotion, and behavior.
Horses are
adapted to run, allowing them to quickly escape predators, and possess a good
sense of balance and a strong
fight-or-flight response. Related to this need to flee from predators in the wild is an unusual trait: horses are able to sleep both standing up and lying down, with younger horses tending to sleep significantly more than adults. Female horses, called
mares, carry their young for approximately 11 months and a young horse, called a
foal, can stand and run shortly following birth. Most domesticated horses begin training under a
saddle or in a
harness between the ages of two and four. They reach full adult development by age five, and have an average lifespan of between 25 and 30 years.
Horse breeds are loosely divided into three categories based on general temperament: spirited "hot bloods" with speed and endurance; "cold bloods", such as
draft horses and some
ponies, suitable for slow, heavy work; and "
warmbloods", developed from crosses between hot bloods and cold bloods, often focusing on creating breeds for specific riding purposes, particularly in Europe. There are more than 300 breeds of horse in the world today, developed for many different uses.
Horses and humans interact in a wide variety of sport competitions and non-competitive recreational pursuits as well as in working activities such as
police work,
agriculture, entertainment, and
therapy. Horses were historically used in warfare, from which a wide variety of
riding and
driving techniques developed, using many different styles of
equipment and methods of control. Many products are derived from horses, including
meat,
milk,
hide,
hair, bone, and
pharmaceuticals extracted from the urine of pregnant mares. Humans provide domesticated horses with food, water, and shelter, as well as attention from specialists such as
veterinarians and
farriers. (Full article...)
Image 4
The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a
domesticated descendant of the
wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it was domesticated from an
extinct population of
Pleistocene wolves over 14,000 years ago. The dog was the first
species to be domesticated by
humans. Experts estimate that
hunter-gatherers domesticated dogs more than 15,000 years ago, which was before the
development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a
starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other
canids.
The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a
domesticated descendant of the
wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it was domesticated from an
extinct population of
Pleistocene wolves over 14,000 years ago. The dog was the first
species to be domesticated by
humans. Experts estimate that
hunter-gatherers domesticated dogs more than 15,000 years ago, which was before the
development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a
starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other
canids. (Full article...)
Image 3
The horse (Equus ferus caballus) is a
domesticated,
one-toed,
hoofed mammal. It belongs to the taxonomic family
Equidae and is one of two
extantsubspecies of
Equus ferus. The horse has
evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, close to Eohippus, into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began domesticating horses around 4000
BCE, and their
domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BCE. Horses in the subspecies caballus are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as
feral horses. These feral populations are not true
wild horses, which are horses that never have been domesticated and historically linked to the megafauna category of species. There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from
anatomy to life stages, size,
colors,
markings,
breeds,
locomotion, and behavior. (Full article...)
Image 4
Birds are a group of
warm-bloodedvertebrates constituting the
classAves (/ˈeɪviːz/), characterised by
feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the
laying of
hard-shelled eggs, a high
metabolic rate, a four-chambered
heart, and a strong yet lightweight
skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the 5.5 cm (2.2 in)
bee hummingbird to the 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
common ostrich. There are over 11,000 living species, more than half of which are
passerine, or "perching" birds. Birds have
wings whose development varies according to species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct
moa and
elephant birds. Wings, which are modified
forelimbs, gave birds the ability to fly, although further evolution has led to the
loss of flight in some birds, including
ratites,
penguins, and diverse
endemic island species. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely adapted for flight. Some bird species of aquatic environments, particularly
seabirds and some
waterbirds, have further evolved for swimming. The study of birds is called
ornithology. (Full article...)
Image 1
Birds are a group of
warm-bloodedvertebrates constituting the
classAves (/ˈeɪviːz/), characterised by
feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the
laying of
hard-shelled eggs, a high
metabolic rate, a four-chambered
heart, and a strong yet lightweight
skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the 5.5 cm (2.2 in)
bee hummingbird to the 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
common ostrich. There are over 11,000 living species, more than half of which are
passerine, or "perching" birds. Birds have
wings whose development varies according to species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct
moa and
elephant birds. Wings, which are modified
forelimbs, gave birds the ability to fly, although further evolution has led to the
loss of flight in some birds, including
ratites,
penguins, and diverse
endemic island species. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely adapted for flight. Some bird species of aquatic environments, particularly
seabirds and some
waterbirds, have further evolved for swimming. The study of birds is called
ornithology. (Full article...)
Image 2
The horse (Equus ferus caballus) is a
domesticated,
one-toed,
hoofed mammal. It belongs to the taxonomic family
Equidae and is one of two
extantsubspecies of
Equus ferus. The horse has
evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, close to Eohippus, into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began domesticating horses around 4000
BCE, and their
domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BCE. Horses in the subspecies caballus are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as
feral horses. These feral populations are not true
wild horses, which are horses that never have been domesticated and historically linked to the megafauna category of species. There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from
anatomy to life stages, size,
colors,
markings,
breeds,
locomotion, and behavior. (Full article...)
The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a
domesticated descendant of the
wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it was domesticated from an
extinct population of
Pleistocene wolves over 14,000 years ago. The dog was the first
species to be domesticated by
humans. Experts estimate that
hunter-gatherers domesticated dogs more than 15,000 years ago, which was before the
development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a
starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other
canids. (Full article...)
{{Transclude excerpts as random slideshow|Cat|Dog|Horse|Bird |files=1 |paragraphs=1,2}}
The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a
domesticated descendant of the
wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it was domesticated from an
extinct population of
Pleistocene wolves over 14,000 years ago. The dog was the first
species to be domesticated by
humans. Experts estimate that
hunter-gatherers domesticated dogs more than 15,000 years ago, which was before the
development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a
starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other
canids.
Birds are a group of
warm-bloodedvertebrates constituting the
classAves (/ˈeɪviːz/), characterised by
feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the
laying of
hard-shelled eggs, a high
metabolic rate, a four-chambered
heart, and a strong yet lightweight
skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the 5.5 cm (2.2 in)
bee hummingbird to the 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
common ostrich. There are over 11,000 living species, more than half of which are
passerine, or "perching" birds. Birds have
wings whose development varies according to species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct
moa and
elephant birds. Wings, which are modified
forelimbs, gave birds the ability to fly, although further evolution has led to the
loss of flight in some birds, including
ratites,
penguins, and diverse
endemic island species. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely adapted for flight. Some bird species of aquatic environments, particularly
seabirds and some
waterbirds, have further evolved for swimming. The study of birds is called
ornithology.
The horse (Equus ferus caballus) is a
domesticated,
one-toed,
hoofed mammal. It belongs to the taxonomic family
Equidae and is one of two
extantsubspecies of
Equus ferus. The horse has
evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, close to Eohippus, into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began domesticating horses around 4000
BCE, and their
domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BCE. Horses in the subspecies caballus are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as
feral horses. These feral populations are not true
wild horses, which are horses that never have been domesticated and historically linked to the megafauna category of species. There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from
anatomy to life stages, size,
colors,
markings,
breeds,
locomotion, and behavior.
Horses are
adapted to run, allowing them to quickly escape predators, and possess a good
sense of balance and a strong
fight-or-flight response. Related to this need to flee from predators in the wild is an unusual trait: horses are able to sleep both standing up and lying down, with younger horses tending to sleep significantly more than adults. Female horses, called
mares, carry their young for approximately 11 months and a young horse, called a
foal, can stand and run shortly following birth. Most domesticated horses begin training under a
saddle or in a
harness between the ages of two and four. They reach full adult development by age five, and have an average lifespan of between 25 and 30 years. (Full article...)
Image 1
The horse (Equus ferus caballus) is a
domesticated,
one-toed,
hoofed mammal. It belongs to the taxonomic family
Equidae and is one of two
extantsubspecies of
Equus ferus. The horse has
evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, close to Eohippus, into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began domesticating horses around 4000
BCE, and their
domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BCE. Horses in the subspecies caballus are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as
feral horses. These feral populations are not true
wild horses, which are horses that never have been domesticated and historically linked to the megafauna category of species. There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from
anatomy to life stages, size,
colors,
markings,
breeds,
locomotion, and behavior.
Horses are
adapted to run, allowing them to quickly escape predators, and possess a good
sense of balance and a strong
fight-or-flight response. Related to this need to flee from predators in the wild is an unusual trait: horses are able to sleep both standing up and lying down, with younger horses tending to sleep significantly more than adults. Female horses, called
mares, carry their young for approximately 11 months and a young horse, called a
foal, can stand and run shortly following birth. Most domesticated horses begin training under a
saddle or in a
harness between the ages of two and four. They reach full adult development by age five, and have an average lifespan of between 25 and 30 years. (Full article...)
Image 2
The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a
domesticated descendant of the
wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it was domesticated from an
extinct population of
Pleistocene wolves over 14,000 years ago. The dog was the first
species to be domesticated by
humans. Experts estimate that
hunter-gatherers domesticated dogs more than 15,000 years ago, which was before the
development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a
starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other
canids.
Birds are a group of
warm-bloodedvertebrates constituting the
classAves (/ˈeɪviːz/), characterised by
feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the
laying of
hard-shelled eggs, a high
metabolic rate, a four-chambered
heart, and a strong yet lightweight
skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the 5.5 cm (2.2 in)
bee hummingbird to the 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
common ostrich. There are over 11,000 living species, more than half of which are
passerine, or "perching" birds. Birds have
wings whose development varies according to species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct
moa and
elephant birds. Wings, which are modified
forelimbs, gave birds the ability to fly, although further evolution has led to the
loss of flight in some birds, including
ratites,
penguins, and diverse
endemic island species. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely adapted for flight. Some bird species of aquatic environments, particularly
seabirds and some
waterbirds, have further evolved for swimming. The study of birds is called
ornithology.
the domestic cat was the second most popular pet in the
United States, with 95.6 million cats owned and around 42 million households owning at least one cat. In the
United Kingdom, 26% of adults have a cat, with an estimated population of 10.9 million pet cats there were an estimated 220 million owned and 480 million stray cats in the world. (Full article...)
Image 2
The horse (Equus ferus caballus) is a
domesticated,
one-toed,
hoofed mammal. It belongs to the taxonomic family
Equidae and is one of two
extantsubspecies of
Equus ferus. The horse has
evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, close to Eohippus, into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began domesticating horses around 4000
BCE, and their
domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BCE. Horses in the subspecies caballus are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as
feral horses. These feral populations are not true
wild horses, which are horses that never have been domesticated and historically linked to the megafauna category of species. There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from
anatomy to life stages, size,
colors,
markings,
breeds,
locomotion, and behavior.
Horses are
adapted to run, allowing them to quickly escape predators, and possess a good
sense of balance and a strong
fight-or-flight response. Related to this need to flee from predators in the wild is an unusual trait: horses are able to sleep both standing up and lying down, with younger horses tending to sleep significantly more than adults. Female horses, called
mares, carry their young for approximately 11 months and a young horse, called a
foal, can stand and run shortly following birth. Most domesticated horses begin training under a
saddle or in a
harness between the ages of two and four. They reach full adult development by age five, and have an average lifespan of between 25 and 30 years.
Horse breeds are loosely divided into three categories based on general temperament: spirited "hot bloods" with speed and endurance; "cold bloods", such as
draft horses and some
ponies, suitable for slow, heavy work; and "
warmbloods", developed from crosses between hot bloods and cold bloods, often focusing on creating breeds for specific riding purposes, particularly in Europe. There are more than 300 breeds of horse in the world today, developed for many different uses. (Full article...)
Image 3
Birds are a group of
warm-bloodedvertebrates constituting the
classAves (/ˈeɪviːz/), characterised by
feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the
laying of
hard-shelled eggs, a high
metabolic rate, a four-chambered
heart, and a strong yet lightweight
skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the 5.5 cm (2.2 in)
bee hummingbird to the 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
common ostrich. There are over 11,000 living species, more than half of which are
passerine, or "perching" birds. Birds have
wings whose development varies according to species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct
moa and
elephant birds. Wings, which are modified
forelimbs, gave birds the ability to fly, although further evolution has led to the
loss of flight in some birds, including
ratites,
penguins, and diverse
endemic island species. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely adapted for flight. Some bird species of aquatic environments, particularly
seabirds and some
waterbirds, have further evolved for swimming. The study of birds is called
ornithology.
Many
social species pass on knowledge across generations, which is considered
a form of culture. Birds are social, communicating with visual signals, calls, and
songs, and participating in such behaviours as
cooperative breeding and hunting,
flocking, and
mobbing of predators. The vast majority of bird species are socially (but not necessarily sexually)
monogamous, usually for one breeding season at a time, sometimes for years, and rarely for life. Other species have breeding systems that are
polygynous (one male with many females) or, rarely,
polyandrous (one female with many males). Birds produce offspring by laying eggs which are fertilised through
sexual reproduction. They are usually laid in a nest and
incubated by the parents. Most birds have an extended period of parental care after hatching. (Full article...)
Image 4
The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a
domesticated descendant of the
wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it was domesticated from an
extinct population of
Pleistocene wolves over 14,000 years ago. The dog was the first
species to be domesticated by
humans. Experts estimate that
hunter-gatherers domesticated dogs more than 15,000 years ago, which was before the
development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a
starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other
canids.
Birds are a group of
warm-bloodedvertebrates constituting the
classAves (/ˈeɪviːz/), characterised by
feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the
laying of
hard-shelled eggs, a high
metabolic rate, a four-chambered
heart, and a strong yet lightweight
skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the 5.5 cm (2.2 in)
bee hummingbird to the 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
common ostrich. There are over 11,000 living species, more than half of which are
passerine, or "perching" birds. Birds have
wings whose development varies according to species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct
moa and
elephant birds. Wings, which are modified
forelimbs, gave birds the ability to fly, although further evolution has led to the
loss of flight in some birds, including
ratites,
penguins, and diverse
endemic island species. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely adapted for flight. Some bird species of aquatic environments, particularly
seabirds and some
waterbirds, have further evolved for swimming. The study of birds is called
ornithology.
Many
social species pass on knowledge across generations, which is considered
a form of culture. Birds are social, communicating with visual signals, calls, and
songs, and participating in such behaviours as
cooperative breeding and hunting,
flocking, and
mobbing of predators. The vast majority of bird species are socially (but not necessarily sexually)
monogamous, usually for one breeding season at a time, sometimes for years, and rarely for life. Other species have breeding systems that are
polygynous (one male with many females) or, rarely,
polyandrous (one female with many males). Birds produce offspring by laying eggs which are fertilised through
sexual reproduction. They are usually laid in a nest and
incubated by the parents. Most birds have an extended period of parental care after hatching. (Full article...)
Image 2
The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a
domesticated descendant of the
wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it was domesticated from an
extinct population of
Pleistocene wolves over 14,000 years ago. The dog was the first
species to be domesticated by
humans. Experts estimate that
hunter-gatherers domesticated dogs more than 15,000 years ago, which was before the
development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a
starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other
canids.
The horse (Equus ferus caballus) is a
domesticated,
one-toed,
hoofed mammal. It belongs to the taxonomic family
Equidae and is one of two
extantsubspecies of
Equus ferus. The horse has
evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, close to Eohippus, into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began domesticating horses around 4000
BCE, and their
domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BCE. Horses in the subspecies caballus are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as
feral horses. These feral populations are not true
wild horses, which are horses that never have been domesticated and historically linked to the megafauna category of species. There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from
anatomy to life stages, size,
colors,
markings,
breeds,
locomotion, and behavior.
Horses are
adapted to run, allowing them to quickly escape predators, and possess a good
sense of balance and a strong
fight-or-flight response. Related to this need to flee from predators in the wild is an unusual trait: horses are able to sleep both standing up and lying down, with younger horses tending to sleep significantly more than adults. Female horses, called
mares, carry their young for approximately 11 months and a young horse, called a
foal, can stand and run shortly following birth. Most domesticated horses begin training under a
saddle or in a
harness between the ages of two and four. They reach full adult development by age five, and have an average lifespan of between 25 and 30 years.
Horse breeds are loosely divided into three categories based on general temperament: spirited "hot bloods" with speed and endurance; "cold bloods", such as
draft horses and some
ponies, suitable for slow, heavy work; and "
warmbloods", developed from crosses between hot bloods and cold bloods, often focusing on creating breeds for specific riding purposes, particularly in Europe. There are more than 300 breeds of horse in the world today, developed for many different uses. (Full article...)
the domestic cat was the second most popular pet in the
United States, with 95.6 million cats owned and around 42 million households owning at least one cat. In the
United Kingdom, 26% of adults have a cat, with an estimated population of 10.9 million pet cats there were an estimated 220 million owned and 480 million stray cats in the world. (Full article...)
Caraway, Salt
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Some of the earliest evidence of salt processing dates to around 6000 BC, when people living in the area of present-day Romania boiled
spring water to extract salts; a
salt works in China dates to approximately the same period. Salt was also prized by the ancient
Hebrews,
Greeks,
Romans,
Byzantines,
Hittites,
Egyptians, and
Indians. Salt became an important
article of trade and was transported by boat across the
Mediterranean Sea, along specially built
salt roads, and across the
Sahara on
camel caravans. The scarcity and universal need for salt have led nations to go to war over it and use it to raise
tax revenues. Salt is used in religious ceremonies and has other cultural and traditional significance.
Salt is processed from
salt mines, and by the
evaporation of seawater (
sea salt) and mineral-rich spring water in shallow pools. The greatest single use for salt (sodium chloride) is as a
feedstock for the production of chemicals. It is used to produce
caustic soda and
chlorine; it is also used in the manufacturing processes of
polyvinyl chloride,
plastics,
paper pulp and many other products. Of the annual global production of around three hundred million
tonnes of salt, only a small percentage is used for human consumption. Other uses include water conditioning processes,
de-icing highways, and agricultural use. Edible salt is sold in forms such as sea salt and table salt, the latter of which usually contains an
anti-caking agent and may be
iodised to prevent
iodine deficiency. As well as its use in cooking and at the table, salt is present in many processed foods. (Full article...)
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
Minor Earth Major Sky
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Early history in West Africa included a number of prominent regional powers that dominated different parts of both the coastal and internal trade networks, such as the
Mali and
Gao Empires. West Africa sat at the intersection of trade routes between
Arab-dominated
North Africa and further south on the continent, the source of specialized goods such as
gold, advanced
iron-working, and
ivory. After European exploration encountered rich local economies and kingdoms, the
Atlantic slave trade built on already existing slave systems to provide labor for colonies in the Americas. After the
end of the slave trade in the early 19th century, European nations, especially
France and
Britain, continued to
exploit the region through colonial relationships. For example, they continued exporting a number of
extractive goods, including labor-intensive agricultural crops like
cocoa and
coffee, forestry products like
tropical timber, and mineral resources like gold. Since independence, many West African countries, like
Ivory Coast,
Ghana,
Nigeria and
Senegal, have played important roles in the regional and global economies.
Early history in West Africa included a number of prominent regional powers that dominated different parts of both the coastal and internal trade networks, such as the
Mali and
Gao Empires. West Africa sat at the intersection of trade routes between
Arab-dominated
North Africa and further south on the continent, the source of specialized goods such as
gold, advanced
iron-working, and
ivory. After European exploration encountered rich local economies and kingdoms, the
Atlantic slave trade built on already existing slave systems to provide labor for colonies in the Americas. After the
end of the slave trade in the early 19th century, European nations, especially
France and
Britain, continued to
exploit the region through colonial relationships. For example, they continued exporting a number of
extractive goods, including labor-intensive agricultural crops like
cocoa and
coffee, forestry products like
tropical timber, and mineral resources like gold. Since independence, many West African countries, like
Ivory Coast,
Ghana,
Nigeria and
Senegal, have played important roles in the regional and global economies.
Order (
Latin: ordo) is one of the eight major
hierarchical taxonomic ranks in
Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between
family and
class. In
biological classification, the order is a
taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized by the
nomenclature codes. An immediately higher rank, superorder, is sometimes added directly above order, with suborder directly beneath order. An order can also be defined as a group of related families.
What does and does not belong to each order is determined by a
taxonomist, as is whether a particular order should be recognized at all. Often there is no exact agreement, with different taxonomists each taking a different position. There are no hard rules that a taxonomist needs to follow in describing or recognizing an order. Some taxa are accepted almost universally, while others are recognized only rarely.
A decompression dive may require the use of more than one gas mixture Scuba gas planning is the aspect of
dive planning and of
gas management which deals with the calculation or estimation of the amounts and mixtures of gases to be used for a planned dive. It may assume that the
dive profile, including decompression, is known, but the process may be iterative, involving changes to the dive profile as a consequence of the gas requirement calculation, or changes to the gas mixtures chosen. Use of calculated reserves based on planned dive profile and estimated gas consumption rates rather than an arbitrary pressure is sometimes referred to as rock bottom gas management. The purpose of gas planning is to ensure that for all reasonably foreseeable contingencies, the divers of a team have sufficient breathing gas to safely return to a place where more breathing gas is available. In almost all cases this will be the surface.
Estimation of gas required for the planned dive, including bottom gas, travel gas, and
decompression gases, as appropriate to the profile.
Estimation of gas quantities for reasonably foreseeable contingencies. Under stress it is likely that a diver will increase breathing rate and decrease swimming speed. Both of these lead to a higher gas consumption during an emergency exit or ascent.
Choice of
cylinders to carry the required gases. Each cylinder volume and working pressure must be sufficient to contain the required quantity of gas.
Calculation of the pressures for each of the gases in each of the cylinders to provide the required quantities.
Specifying the critical pressures of relevant gas mixtures for appropriate stages (waypoints) of the planned dive profile (gas matching).
Gas planning is one of the stages of scuba gas management. The other stages include:
Knowledge of personal and team members' gas consumption rates under varying conditions
basic consumption at the surface for variations in workload
variation in consumption due to depth variation
variation in consumption due to dive conditions and personal physical and mental condition
Monitoring the contents of the cylinders during a dive
Awareness of the critical pressures and using them to manage the dive
Efficient use of the available gas during the planned dive and during an emergency
Limiting the risk of equipment malfunctions that could cause a loss of breathing gas
Order (
Latin: ordo) is one of the eight major
hierarchical taxonomic ranks in
Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between
family and
class. In
biological classification, the order is a
taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized by the
nomenclature codes. An immediately higher rank, superorder, is sometimes added directly above order, with suborder directly beneath order. An order can also be defined as a group of related families.
What does and does not belong to each order is determined by a
taxonomist, as is whether a particular order should be recognized at all. Often there is no exact agreement, with different taxonomists each taking a different position. There are no hard rules that a taxonomist needs to follow in describing or recognizing an order. Some taxa are accepted almost universally, while others are recognized only rarely.
A decompression dive may require the use of more than one gas mixture Scuba gas planning is the aspect of
dive planning and of
gas management which deals with the calculation or estimation of the amounts and mixtures of gases to be used for a planned dive. It may assume that the
dive profile, including decompression, is known, but the process may be iterative, involving changes to the dive profile as a consequence of the gas requirement calculation, or changes to the gas mixtures chosen. Use of calculated reserves based on planned dive profile and estimated gas consumption rates rather than an arbitrary pressure is sometimes referred to as rock bottom gas management. The purpose of gas planning is to ensure that for all reasonably foreseeable contingencies, the divers of a team have sufficient breathing gas to safely return to a place where more breathing gas is available. In almost all cases this will be the surface.
Estimation of gas required for the planned dive, including bottom gas, travel gas, and
decompression gases, as appropriate to the profile.
Estimation of gas quantities for reasonably foreseeable contingencies. Under stress it is likely that a diver will increase breathing rate and decrease swimming speed. Both of these lead to a higher gas consumption during an emergency exit or ascent.
Choice of
cylinders to carry the required gases. Each cylinder volume and working pressure must be sufficient to contain the required quantity of gas.
Calculation of the pressures for each of the gases in each of the cylinders to provide the required quantities.
Specifying the critical pressures of relevant gas mixtures for appropriate stages (waypoints) of the planned dive profile (gas matching).
Gas planning is one of the stages of scuba gas management. The other stages include:
Knowledge of personal and team members' gas consumption rates under varying conditions
basic consumption at the surface for variations in workload
variation in consumption due to depth variation
variation in consumption due to dive conditions and personal physical and mental condition
Monitoring the contents of the cylinders during a dive
Awareness of the critical pressures and using them to manage the dive
Efficient use of the available gas during the planned dive and during an emergency
Limiting the risk of equipment malfunctions that could cause a loss of breathing gas
1 (one, unit, unity) is a
number representing a single or the only
entity. 1 is also a
numerical digit and represents a single
unit of
counting or
measurement. For example, a
line segment of unit length is a line segment of
length 1. In conventions of sign where zero is considered neither positive nor negative, 1 is the first and smallest
positive integer. It is also sometimes considered the first of the
infinite sequence of
natural numbers, followed by
2, although by other definitions 1 is the second natural number, following
0.
The fundamental mathematical property of 1 is to be a
multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. Most if not all properties of 1 can be deduced from this. In advanced mathematics, a multiplicative identity is often denoted 1, even if it is not a number. 1 is by convention not considered a
prime number; this was not universally accepted until the mid-20th century. Additionally, 1 is the smallest possible difference between two distinct
natural numbers.
The unique mathematical properties of the number have led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports. It commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group. (Full article...)
1 (one, unit, unity) is a
number representing a single or the only
entity. 1 is also a
numerical digit and represents a single
unit of
counting or
measurement. For example, a
line segment of unit length is a line segment of
length 1. In conventions of sign where zero is considered neither positive nor negative, 1 is the first and smallest
positive integer. It is also sometimes considered the first of the
infinite sequence of
natural numbers, followed by
2, although by other definitions 1 is the second natural number, following
0.
The fundamental mathematical property of 1 is to be a
multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. Most if not all properties of 1 can be deduced from this. In advanced mathematics, a multiplicative identity is often denoted 1, even if it is not a number. 1 is by convention not considered a
prime number; this was not universally accepted until the mid-20th century. Additionally, 1 is the smallest possible difference between two distinct
natural numbers.
The unique mathematical properties of the number have led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports. It commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group. (Full article...)
September is the ninth month of the year in both the
Gregorian calendar and the less commonly used
Julian calendar. In the modern Gregorian calendar, its length is 30 days.
In the Northern hemisphere, the beginning of the meteorological
autumn is on 1 September. In the Southern hemisphere, the beginning of the meteorological
spring is on 1 September.
September (from Latin septem, "seven") was originally the seventh of ten months in the oldest known
Roman calendar, the
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, with March (Latin Martius) the first month of the year until perhaps as late as 451 BC. After the calendar reform that added
January and
February to the beginning of the year, September became the ninth month but retained its name. It had 29 days until the Julian reform, which added a day. (Full article...)
May is a month of
spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and
autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, May in the
Southern Hemisphere is the seasonal equivalent of
November in the Northern Hemisphere and vice versa. Late May typically marks the start of the summer vacation season in the United States (
Memorial Day) and Canada (
Victoria Day) that ends on
Labour Day, the first Monday of September.
May (in
Latin, Maius) was named for the
Greek goddessMaia, who was identified with the
Roman eragoddess of fertility,
Bona Dea, whose
festival was held in May. Conversely, the Roman poet
Ovid provides a second etymology, in which he says that the month of May is named for the maiores, Latin for "elders," and that the following month (June) is named for the iuniores, or "young people" (Fasti VI.88). Eta Aquariids meteor shower appears in May. It is visible from about April 21 to about May 20 each year with peak activity on or around May 6. The
Arietids shower from May 22 – July 2, and peaks on June 7. The
Virginids also shower at various dates in May. (Full article...)
Image 4
December is the twelfth and final month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. December’s name derives from the Latin word decem (meaning
ten) because it was originally the tenth month of the year in the
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, which began in March. The winter days following December were not included as part of any month. Later, the months of January and February were created out of the monthless period and added to the beginning of the calendar, but December retained its name.
In
Ancient Rome, as one of the four
Agonalia, this day in honour of
Sol Indiges was held on December 11, as was
Septimontium.
Dies natalis (birthday) was held at the temple of
Tellus on December 13,
Consualia was held on December 15,
Saturnalia was held December 17–23,
Opiconsivia was held on December 19,
Divalia was held on December 21,
Larentalia was held on December 23, and the dies natalis of
Sol Invictus was held on December 25. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar.
March is the third month of the year in both the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. In the
Northern Hemisphere, the
meteorological beginning of
spring occurs on the first day of March. The
March equinox on the 20 or 21 marks the astronomical beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of
autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where
September is the seasonal equivalent of the Northern Hemisphere's March. (Full article...)
Image 7
July is the seventh month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. It was named by the
Roman Senate in honour of Roman general
Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., being the month of his birth. Before then it was called
Quintilis, being the fifth month of the calendar that started with March.
It is on average the warmest month in most of the
Northern Hemisphere, where it is the second month of summer, and the coldest month in much of the
Southern Hemisphere, where it is the second month of winter. The second half of the year commences in July. In the Southern Hemisphere, July is the seasonal equivalent of January in the Northern hemisphere.
"
Dog days" are considered to begin in early July in the
Northern Hemisphere, when the hot sultry weather of summer usually starts.
Spring lambs born in late winter or early spring are usually sold before 1 July. (Full article...)
In the
Southern Hemisphere, August is the seasonal equivalent of
February in the
Northern Hemisphere. In the Northern Hemisphere, August falls in the season of summer. In the Southern Hemisphere, the month falls during the season of winter. In many European countries, August is the holiday month for most workers. Numerous religious holidays occurred during August in ancient Rome.
Certain
meteor showers take place in August. The
Kappa Cygnids take place in August, with the dates varying each year. The
Alpha Capricornids meteor shower takes place as early as July 10 and ends at around August 10, and the Southern Delta Aquariids take place from mid-July to mid-August, with the peak usually around July 28–29. The
Perseids, a major meteor shower, typically takes place between July 17 and August 24, with the days of the peak varying yearly. The star cluster of
Messier 30 is best observed around August.
Among the aborigines of the Canary Islands, especially among the
Guanches of
Tenerife, the month of August received in the name of Beñesmer or
Beñesmen, which was also the harvest festival held this month.
The month was originally named Sextilis in
Latin because it was the 6th month in the original ten-month
Roman calendar under
Romulus in 753 BC, with
March being the first month of the year. About 700 BC, it became the eighth month when
January and
February were added to the year before March by King
Numa Pompilius, who also gave it 29 days.
Julius Caesar added two days when he created the
Julian calendar in 46BC (
AUC708), giving it its modern length of 31 days.
In 8 BC, the month was renamed in honor of Emperor
Augustus. According to a
Senatus consultum quoted by
Macrobius, he chose this month because it was the time of several of his great triumphs, including the conquest of Egypt. Commonly repeated lore has it that August has 31 days because Augustus wanted his month to match the length of Julius Caesar's July, but this is an invention of the 13th century scholar
Johannes de Sacrobosco. Sextilis in fact had 31 days before it was renamed, and it was not chosen for its length. (Full article...)
The
Atlantic hurricane season—when
tropical or
subtropical cyclones are most likely to form in the north Atlantic Ocean—begins on 1 June and lasts until 30 November. The
East Asian rainy season is also generally considered to commence during this month. Multiple
meteor showers occur annually in June, including the
Arietids, which are among the most intense daylight meteor showers of the year, and last between 22 May and 2 July, peaking in intensity on 8 June.
Numerous observances take place in June.
Midsummer, the celebration of the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, commences in several countries. In Catholicism, this month is dedicated to the
devotion of the
Sacred Heart of Jesus, and known as the
Month of the Sacred Heart. The most well-known
month-long observance in the United States in June is
Pride Month, which is the celebration of
LGBT individuals and the advancement of their civil liberties. (Full article...)
Image 10
January is the first month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The first day of the month is known as
New Year's Day. It is, on average, the coldest month of the year within most of the
Northern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of winter) and the warmest month of the year within most of the
Southern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of summer). In the Southern hemisphere, January is the seasonal equivalent of July in the Northern hemisphere and vice versa.
Ancient Roman observances during this month include
Cervula and Juvenalia, celebrated January 1, as well as one of three
Agonalia, celebrated January 9, and
Carmentalia, celebrated January 11. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. (Full article...)
October is the tenth month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The eighth month in the old
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, October retained its name (from
Latin and
Greekôctō meaning "eight") after January and February were inserted into the calendar that had originally been created by the Romans. In
Ancient Rome, one of three
Mundus patet would take place on October 5,
Meditrinalia October 11,
Augustalia on October 12,
October Horse on October 15, and
Armilustrium on October 19. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. Among the
Anglo-Saxons, it was known as
Winterfylleth (Ƿinterfylleþ), because at this full moon, winter was supposed to begin.
July is the seventh month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. It was named by the
Roman Senate in honour of Roman general
Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., being the month of his birth. Before then it was called
Quintilis, being the fifth month of the calendar that started with March.
It is on average the warmest month in most of the
Northern Hemisphere, where it is the second month of summer, and the coldest month in much of the
Southern Hemisphere, where it is the second month of winter. The second half of the year commences in July. In the Southern Hemisphere, July is the seasonal equivalent of January in the Northern hemisphere.
"
Dog days" are considered to begin in early July in the
Northern Hemisphere, when the hot sultry weather of summer usually starts.
Spring lambs born in late winter or early spring are usually sold before 1 July. (Full article...)
Image 3
January is the first month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The first day of the month is known as
New Year's Day. It is, on average, the coldest month of the year within most of the
Northern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of winter) and the warmest month of the year within most of the
Southern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of summer). In the Southern hemisphere, January is the seasonal equivalent of July in the Northern hemisphere and vice versa.
Ancient Roman observances during this month include
Cervula and Juvenalia, celebrated January 1, as well as one of three
Agonalia, celebrated January 9, and
Carmentalia, celebrated January 11. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. (Full article...)
May is a month of
spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and
autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, May in the
Southern Hemisphere is the seasonal equivalent of
November in the Northern Hemisphere and vice versa. Late May typically marks the start of the summer vacation season in the United States (
Memorial Day) and Canada (
Victoria Day) that ends on
Labour Day, the first Monday of September.
May (in
Latin, Maius) was named for the
Greek goddessMaia, who was identified with the
Roman eragoddess of fertility,
Bona Dea, whose
festival was held in May. Conversely, the Roman poet
Ovid provides a second etymology, in which he says that the month of May is named for the maiores, Latin for "elders," and that the following month (June) is named for the iuniores, or "young people" (Fasti VI.88). Eta Aquariids meteor shower appears in May. It is visible from about April 21 to about May 20 each year with peak activity on or around May 6. The
Arietids shower from May 22 – July 2, and peaks on June 7. The
Virginids also shower at various dates in May. (Full article...)
December is the twelfth and final month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. December’s name derives from the Latin word decem (meaning
ten) because it was originally the tenth month of the year in the
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, which began in March. The winter days following December were not included as part of any month. Later, the months of January and February were created out of the monthless period and added to the beginning of the calendar, but December retained its name.
In
Ancient Rome, as one of the four
Agonalia, this day in honour of
Sol Indiges was held on December 11, as was
Septimontium.
Dies natalis (birthday) was held at the temple of
Tellus on December 13,
Consualia was held on December 15,
Saturnalia was held December 17–23,
Opiconsivia was held on December 19,
Divalia was held on December 21,
Larentalia was held on December 23, and the dies natalis of
Sol Invictus was held on December 25. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar.
March is the third month of the year in both the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. In the
Northern Hemisphere, the
meteorological beginning of
spring occurs on the first day of March. The
March equinox on the 20 or 21 marks the astronomical beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of
autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where
September is the seasonal equivalent of the Northern Hemisphere's March. (Full article...)
Image 8
September is the ninth month of the year in both the
Gregorian calendar and the less commonly used
Julian calendar. In the modern Gregorian calendar, its length is 30 days.
In the Northern hemisphere, the beginning of the meteorological
autumn is on 1 September. In the Southern hemisphere, the beginning of the meteorological
spring is on 1 September.
September (from Latin septem, "seven") was originally the seventh of ten months in the oldest known
Roman calendar, the
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, with March (Latin Martius) the first month of the year until perhaps as late as 451 BC. After the calendar reform that added
January and
February to the beginning of the year, September became the ninth month but retained its name. It had 29 days until the Julian reform, which added a day. (Full article...)
Image 9
October is the tenth month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The eighth month in the old
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, October retained its name (from
Latin and
Greekôctō meaning "eight") after January and February were inserted into the calendar that had originally been created by the Romans. In
Ancient Rome, one of three
Mundus patet would take place on October 5,
Meditrinalia October 11,
Augustalia on October 12,
October Horse on October 15, and
Armilustrium on October 19. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. Among the
Anglo-Saxons, it was known as
Winterfylleth (Ƿinterfylleþ), because at this full moon, winter was supposed to begin.
In the
Southern Hemisphere, August is the seasonal equivalent of
February in the
Northern Hemisphere. In the Northern Hemisphere, August falls in the season of summer. In the Southern Hemisphere, the month falls during the season of winter. In many European countries, August is the holiday month for most workers. Numerous religious holidays occurred during August in ancient Rome.
Certain
meteor showers take place in August. The
Kappa Cygnids take place in August, with the dates varying each year. The
Alpha Capricornids meteor shower takes place as early as July 10 and ends at around August 10, and the Southern Delta Aquariids take place from mid-July to mid-August, with the peak usually around July 28–29. The
Perseids, a major meteor shower, typically takes place between July 17 and August 24, with the days of the peak varying yearly. The star cluster of
Messier 30 is best observed around August.
Among the aborigines of the Canary Islands, especially among the
Guanches of
Tenerife, the month of August received in the name of Beñesmer or
Beñesmen, which was also the harvest festival held this month.
The month was originally named Sextilis in
Latin because it was the 6th month in the original ten-month
Roman calendar under
Romulus in 753 BC, with
March being the first month of the year. About 700 BC, it became the eighth month when
January and
February were added to the year before March by King
Numa Pompilius, who also gave it 29 days.
Julius Caesar added two days when he created the
Julian calendar in 46BC (
AUC708), giving it its modern length of 31 days.
In 8 BC, the month was renamed in honor of Emperor
Augustus. According to a
Senatus consultum quoted by
Macrobius, he chose this month because it was the time of several of his great triumphs, including the conquest of Egypt. Commonly repeated lore has it that August has 31 days because Augustus wanted his month to match the length of Julius Caesar's July, but this is an invention of the 13th century scholar
Johannes de Sacrobosco. Sextilis in fact had 31 days before it was renamed, and it was not chosen for its length. (Full article...)
The
Atlantic hurricane season—when
tropical or
subtropical cyclones are most likely to form in the north Atlantic Ocean—begins on 1 June and lasts until 30 November. The
East Asian rainy season is also generally considered to commence during this month. Multiple
meteor showers occur annually in June, including the
Arietids, which are among the most intense daylight meteor showers of the year, and last between 22 May and 2 July, peaking in intensity on 8 June.
Numerous observances take place in June.
Midsummer, the celebration of the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, commences in several countries. In Catholicism, this month is dedicated to the
devotion of the
Sacred Heart of Jesus, and known as the
Month of the Sacred Heart. The most well-known
month-long observance in the United States in June is
Pride Month, which is the celebration of
LGBT individuals and the advancement of their civil liberties. (Full article...)
In the
Southern Hemisphere, August is the seasonal equivalent of
February in the
Northern Hemisphere. In the Northern Hemisphere, August falls in the season of summer. In the Southern Hemisphere, the month falls during the season of winter. In many European countries, August is the holiday month for most workers. Numerous religious holidays occurred during August in ancient Rome.
Certain
meteor showers take place in August. The
Kappa Cygnids take place in August, with the dates varying each year. The
Alpha Capricornids meteor shower takes place as early as July 10 and ends at around August 10, and the Southern Delta Aquariids take place from mid-July to mid-August, with the peak usually around July 28–29. The
Perseids, a major meteor shower, typically takes place between July 17 and August 24, with the days of the peak varying yearly. The star cluster of
Messier 30 is best observed around August.
Among the aborigines of the Canary Islands, especially among the
Guanches of
Tenerife, the month of August received in the name of Beñesmer or
Beñesmen, which was also the harvest festival held this month.
The month was originally named Sextilis in
Latin because it was the 6th month in the original ten-month
Roman calendar under
Romulus in 753 BC, with
March being the first month of the year. About 700 BC, it became the eighth month when
January and
February were added to the year before March by King
Numa Pompilius, who also gave it 29 days.
Julius Caesar added two days when he created the
Julian calendar in 46BC (
AUC708), giving it its modern length of 31 days.
In 8 BC, the month was renamed in honor of Emperor
Augustus. According to a
Senatus consultum quoted by
Macrobius, he chose this month because it was the time of several of his great triumphs, including the conquest of Egypt. Commonly repeated lore has it that August has 31 days because Augustus wanted his month to match the length of Julius Caesar's July, but this is an invention of the 13th century scholar
Johannes de Sacrobosco. Sextilis in fact had 31 days before it was renamed, and it was not chosen for its length. (Full article...)
Image 3
September is the ninth month of the year in both the
Gregorian calendar and the less commonly used
Julian calendar. In the modern Gregorian calendar, its length is 30 days.
In the Northern hemisphere, the beginning of the meteorological
autumn is on 1 September. In the Southern hemisphere, the beginning of the meteorological
spring is on 1 September.
September (from Latin septem, "seven") was originally the seventh of ten months in the oldest known
Roman calendar, the
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, with March (Latin Martius) the first month of the year until perhaps as late as 451 BC. After the calendar reform that added
January and
February to the beginning of the year, September became the ninth month but retained its name. It had 29 days until the Julian reform, which added a day. (Full article...)
May is a month of
spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and
autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, May in the
Southern Hemisphere is the seasonal equivalent of
November in the Northern Hemisphere and vice versa. Late May typically marks the start of the summer vacation season in the United States (
Memorial Day) and Canada (
Victoria Day) that ends on
Labour Day, the first Monday of September.
May (in
Latin, Maius) was named for the
Greek goddessMaia, who was identified with the
Roman eragoddess of fertility,
Bona Dea, whose
festival was held in May. Conversely, the Roman poet
Ovid provides a second etymology, in which he says that the month of May is named for the maiores, Latin for "elders," and that the following month (June) is named for the iuniores, or "young people" (Fasti VI.88). Eta Aquariids meteor shower appears in May. It is visible from about April 21 to about May 20 each year with peak activity on or around May 6. The
Arietids shower from May 22 – July 2, and peaks on June 7. The
Virginids also shower at various dates in May. (Full article...)
Image 5
December is the twelfth and final month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. December’s name derives from the Latin word decem (meaning
ten) because it was originally the tenth month of the year in the
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, which began in March. The winter days following December were not included as part of any month. Later, the months of January and February were created out of the monthless period and added to the beginning of the calendar, but December retained its name.
In
Ancient Rome, as one of the four
Agonalia, this day in honour of
Sol Indiges was held on December 11, as was
Septimontium.
Dies natalis (birthday) was held at the temple of
Tellus on December 13,
Consualia was held on December 15,
Saturnalia was held December 17–23,
Opiconsivia was held on December 19,
Divalia was held on December 21,
Larentalia was held on December 23, and the dies natalis of
Sol Invictus was held on December 25. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar.
January is the first month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The first day of the month is known as
New Year's Day. It is, on average, the coldest month of the year within most of the
Northern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of winter) and the warmest month of the year within most of the
Southern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of summer). In the Southern hemisphere, January is the seasonal equivalent of July in the Northern hemisphere and vice versa.
Ancient Roman observances during this month include
Cervula and Juvenalia, celebrated January 1, as well as one of three
Agonalia, celebrated January 9, and
Carmentalia, celebrated January 11. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. (Full article...)
Image 7
March is the third month of the year in both the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. In the
Northern Hemisphere, the
meteorological beginning of
spring occurs on the first day of March. The
March equinox on the 20 or 21 marks the astronomical beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of
autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where
September is the seasonal equivalent of the Northern Hemisphere's March. (Full article...)
Image 8
July is the seventh month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. It was named by the
Roman Senate in honour of Roman general
Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., being the month of his birth. Before then it was called
Quintilis, being the fifth month of the calendar that started with March.
It is on average the warmest month in most of the
Northern Hemisphere, where it is the second month of summer, and the coldest month in much of the
Southern Hemisphere, where it is the second month of winter. The second half of the year commences in July. In the Southern Hemisphere, July is the seasonal equivalent of January in the Northern hemisphere.
"
Dog days" are considered to begin in early July in the
Northern Hemisphere, when the hot sultry weather of summer usually starts.
Spring lambs born in late winter or early spring are usually sold before 1 July. (Full article...)
October is the tenth month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The eighth month in the old
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, October retained its name (from
Latin and
Greekôctō meaning "eight") after January and February were inserted into the calendar that had originally been created by the Romans. In
Ancient Rome, one of three
Mundus patet would take place on October 5,
Meditrinalia October 11,
Augustalia on October 12,
October Horse on October 15, and
Armilustrium on October 19. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. Among the
Anglo-Saxons, it was known as
Winterfylleth (Ƿinterfylleþ), because at this full moon, winter was supposed to begin.
The
Atlantic hurricane season—when
tropical or
subtropical cyclones are most likely to form in the north Atlantic Ocean—begins on 1 June and lasts until 30 November. The
East Asian rainy season is also generally considered to commence during this month. Multiple
meteor showers occur annually in June, including the
Arietids, which are among the most intense daylight meteor showers of the year, and last between 22 May and 2 July, peaking in intensity on 8 June.
Numerous observances take place in June.
Midsummer, the celebration of the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, commences in several countries. In Catholicism, this month is dedicated to the
devotion of the
Sacred Heart of Jesus, and known as the
Month of the Sacred Heart. The most well-known
month-long observance in the United States in June is
Pride Month, which is the celebration of
LGBT individuals and the advancement of their civil liberties. (Full article...)
July is the seventh month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. It was named by the
Roman Senate in honour of Roman general
Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., being the month of his birth. Before then it was called
Quintilis, being the fifth month of the calendar that started with March.
It is on average the warmest month in most of the
Northern Hemisphere, where it is the second month of summer, and the coldest month in much of the
Southern Hemisphere, where it is the second month of winter. The second half of the year commences in July. In the Southern Hemisphere, July is the seasonal equivalent of January in the Northern hemisphere.
"
Dog days" are considered to begin in early July in the
Northern Hemisphere, when the hot sultry weather of summer usually starts.
Spring lambs born in late winter or early spring are usually sold before 1 July. (Full article...)
In the
Southern Hemisphere, August is the seasonal equivalent of
February in the
Northern Hemisphere. In the Northern Hemisphere, August falls in the season of summer. In the Southern Hemisphere, the month falls during the season of winter. In many European countries, August is the holiday month for most workers. Numerous religious holidays occurred during August in ancient Rome.
Certain
meteor showers take place in August. The
Kappa Cygnids take place in August, with the dates varying each year. The
Alpha Capricornids meteor shower takes place as early as July 10 and ends at around August 10, and the Southern Delta Aquariids take place from mid-July to mid-August, with the peak usually around July 28–29. The
Perseids, a major meteor shower, typically takes place between July 17 and August 24, with the days of the peak varying yearly. The star cluster of
Messier 30 is best observed around August.
Among the aborigines of the Canary Islands, especially among the
Guanches of
Tenerife, the month of August received in the name of Beñesmer or
Beñesmen, which was also the harvest festival held this month.
The month was originally named Sextilis in
Latin because it was the 6th month in the original ten-month
Roman calendar under
Romulus in 753 BC, with
March being the first month of the year. About 700 BC, it became the eighth month when
January and
February were added to the year before March by King
Numa Pompilius, who also gave it 29 days.
Julius Caesar added two days when he created the
Julian calendar in 46BC (
AUC708), giving it its modern length of 31 days.
In 8 BC, the month was renamed in honor of Emperor
Augustus. According to a
Senatus consultum quoted by
Macrobius, he chose this month because it was the time of several of his great triumphs, including the conquest of Egypt. Commonly repeated lore has it that August has 31 days because Augustus wanted his month to match the length of Julius Caesar's July, but this is an invention of the 13th century scholar
Johannes de Sacrobosco. Sextilis in fact had 31 days before it was renamed, and it was not chosen for its length. (Full article...)
May is a month of
spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and
autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, May in the
Southern Hemisphere is the seasonal equivalent of
November in the Northern Hemisphere and vice versa. Late May typically marks the start of the summer vacation season in the United States (
Memorial Day) and Canada (
Victoria Day) that ends on
Labour Day, the first Monday of September.
May (in
Latin, Maius) was named for the
Greek goddessMaia, who was identified with the
Roman eragoddess of fertility,
Bona Dea, whose
festival was held in May. Conversely, the Roman poet
Ovid provides a second etymology, in which he says that the month of May is named for the maiores, Latin for "elders," and that the following month (June) is named for the iuniores, or "young people" (Fasti VI.88). Eta Aquariids meteor shower appears in May. It is visible from about April 21 to about May 20 each year with peak activity on or around May 6. The
Arietids shower from May 22 – July 2, and peaks on June 7. The
Virginids also shower at various dates in May. (Full article...)
Image 6
December is the twelfth and final month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. December’s name derives from the Latin word decem (meaning
ten) because it was originally the tenth month of the year in the
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, which began in March. The winter days following December were not included as part of any month. Later, the months of January and February were created out of the monthless period and added to the beginning of the calendar, but December retained its name.
In
Ancient Rome, as one of the four
Agonalia, this day in honour of
Sol Indiges was held on December 11, as was
Septimontium.
Dies natalis (birthday) was held at the temple of
Tellus on December 13,
Consualia was held on December 15,
Saturnalia was held December 17–23,
Opiconsivia was held on December 19,
Divalia was held on December 21,
Larentalia was held on December 23, and the dies natalis of
Sol Invictus was held on December 25. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar.
The
Atlantic hurricane season—when
tropical or
subtropical cyclones are most likely to form in the north Atlantic Ocean—begins on 1 June and lasts until 30 November. The
East Asian rainy season is also generally considered to commence during this month. Multiple
meteor showers occur annually in June, including the
Arietids, which are among the most intense daylight meteor showers of the year, and last between 22 May and 2 July, peaking in intensity on 8 June.
Numerous observances take place in June.
Midsummer, the celebration of the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, commences in several countries. In Catholicism, this month is dedicated to the
devotion of the
Sacred Heart of Jesus, and known as the
Month of the Sacred Heart. The most well-known
month-long observance in the United States in June is
Pride Month, which is the celebration of
LGBT individuals and the advancement of their civil liberties. (Full article...)
Image 8
January is the first month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The first day of the month is known as
New Year's Day. It is, on average, the coldest month of the year within most of the
Northern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of winter) and the warmest month of the year within most of the
Southern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of summer). In the Southern hemisphere, January is the seasonal equivalent of July in the Northern hemisphere and vice versa.
Ancient Roman observances during this month include
Cervula and Juvenalia, celebrated January 1, as well as one of three
Agonalia, celebrated January 9, and
Carmentalia, celebrated January 11. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. (Full article...)
Image 9
March is the third month of the year in both the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. In the
Northern Hemisphere, the
meteorological beginning of
spring occurs on the first day of March. The
March equinox on the 20 or 21 marks the astronomical beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of
autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where
September is the seasonal equivalent of the Northern Hemisphere's March. (Full article...)
Image 10
September is the ninth month of the year in both the
Gregorian calendar and the less commonly used
Julian calendar. In the modern Gregorian calendar, its length is 30 days.
In the Northern hemisphere, the beginning of the meteorological
autumn is on 1 September. In the Southern hemisphere, the beginning of the meteorological
spring is on 1 September.
September (from Latin septem, "seven") was originally the seventh of ten months in the oldest known
Roman calendar, the
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, with March (Latin Martius) the first month of the year until perhaps as late as 451 BC. After the calendar reform that added
January and
February to the beginning of the year, September became the ninth month but retained its name. It had 29 days until the Julian reform, which added a day. (Full article...)
October is the tenth month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The eighth month in the old
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, October retained its name (from
Latin and
Greekôctō meaning "eight") after January and February were inserted into the calendar that had originally been created by the Romans. In
Ancient Rome, one of three
Mundus patet would take place on October 5,
Meditrinalia October 11,
Augustalia on October 12,
October Horse on October 15, and
Armilustrium on October 19. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. Among the
Anglo-Saxons, it was known as
Winterfylleth (Ƿinterfylleþ), because at this full moon, winter was supposed to begin.
January is the first month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The first day of the month is known as
New Year's Day. It is, on average, the coldest month of the year within most of the
Northern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of winter) and the warmest month of the year within most of the
Southern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of summer). In the Southern hemisphere, January is the seasonal equivalent of July in the Northern hemisphere and vice versa.
Ancient Roman observances during this month include
Cervula and Juvenalia, celebrated January 1, as well as one of three
Agonalia, celebrated January 9, and
Carmentalia, celebrated January 11. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. (Foobar)
Image 2
July is the seventh month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. It was named by the
Roman Senate in honour of Roman general
Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., being the month of his birth. Before then it was called
Quintilis, being the fifth month of the calendar that started with March.
It is on average the warmest month in most of the
Northern Hemisphere, where it is the second month of summer, and the coldest month in much of the
Southern Hemisphere, where it is the second month of winter. The second half of the year commences in July. In the Southern Hemisphere, July is the seasonal equivalent of January in the Northern hemisphere.
"
Dog days" are considered to begin in early July in the
Northern Hemisphere, when the hot sultry weather of summer usually starts.
Spring lambs born in late winter or early spring are usually sold before 1 July. (Foobar)
September is the ninth month of the year in both the
Gregorian calendar and the less commonly used
Julian calendar. In the modern Gregorian calendar, its length is 30 days.
In the Northern hemisphere, the beginning of the meteorological
autumn is on 1 September. In the Southern hemisphere, the beginning of the meteorological
spring is on 1 September.
September (from Latin septem, "seven") was originally the seventh of ten months in the oldest known
Roman calendar, the
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, with March (Latin Martius) the first month of the year until perhaps as late as 451 BC. After the calendar reform that added
January and
February to the beginning of the year, September became the ninth month but retained its name. It had 29 days until the Julian reform, which added a day. (Foobar)
October is the tenth month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The eighth month in the old
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, October retained its name (from
Latin and
Greekôctō meaning "eight") after January and February were inserted into the calendar that had originally been created by the Romans. In
Ancient Rome, one of three
Mundus patet would take place on October 5,
Meditrinalia October 11,
Augustalia on October 12,
October Horse on October 15, and
Armilustrium on October 19. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. Among the
Anglo-Saxons, it was known as
Winterfylleth (Ƿinterfylleþ), because at this full moon, winter was supposed to begin.
May is a month of
spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and
autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, May in the
Southern Hemisphere is the seasonal equivalent of
November in the Northern Hemisphere and vice versa. Late May typically marks the start of the summer vacation season in the United States (
Memorial Day) and Canada (
Victoria Day) that ends on
Labour Day, the first Monday of September.
May (in
Latin, Maius) was named for the
Greek goddessMaia, who was identified with the
Roman eragoddess of fertility,
Bona Dea, whose
festival was held in May. Conversely, the Roman poet
Ovid provides a second etymology, in which he says that the month of May is named for the maiores, Latin for "elders," and that the following month (June) is named for the iuniores, or "young people" (Fasti VI.88). Eta Aquariids meteor shower appears in May. It is visible from about April 21 to about May 20 each year with peak activity on or around May 6. The
Arietids shower from May 22 – July 2, and peaks on June 7. The
Virginids also shower at various dates in May. (Foobar)
Image 8
December is the twelfth and final month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. December’s name derives from the Latin word decem (meaning
ten) because it was originally the tenth month of the year in the
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, which began in March. The winter days following December were not included as part of any month. Later, the months of January and February were created out of the monthless period and added to the beginning of the calendar, but December retained its name.
In
Ancient Rome, as one of the four
Agonalia, this day in honour of
Sol Indiges was held on December 11, as was
Septimontium.
Dies natalis (birthday) was held at the temple of
Tellus on December 13,
Consualia was held on December 15,
Saturnalia was held December 17–23,
Opiconsivia was held on December 19,
Divalia was held on December 21,
Larentalia was held on December 23, and the dies natalis of
Sol Invictus was held on December 25. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar.
February is the second month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. The month has 28 days in
common years or 29 in
leap years, with the 29th day being called the leap day. It is the first of five months not to have 31 days (the other four being April, June, September, and November) and the only one to have fewer than 30 days. February is the third and last month of
meteorological winter in the
Northern Hemisphere. In the
Southern Hemisphere, February is the third and last month of
meteorological summer (being the seasonal equivalent of what is
August in the Northern Hemisphere). (Foobar)
The
Atlantic hurricane season—when
tropical or
subtropical cyclones are most likely to form in the north Atlantic Ocean—begins on 1 June and lasts until 30 November. The
East Asian rainy season is also generally considered to commence during this month. Multiple
meteor showers occur annually in June, including the
Arietids, which are among the most intense daylight meteor showers of the year, and last between 22 May and 2 July, peaking in intensity on 8 June.
Numerous observances take place in June.
Midsummer, the celebration of the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, commences in several countries. In Catholicism, this month is dedicated to the
devotion of the
Sacred Heart of Jesus, and known as the
Month of the Sacred Heart. The most well-known
month-long observance in the United States in June is
Pride Month, which is the celebration of
LGBT individuals and the advancement of their civil liberties. (Foobar)
In the
Southern Hemisphere, August is the seasonal equivalent of
February in the
Northern Hemisphere. In the Northern Hemisphere, August falls in the season of summer. In the Southern Hemisphere, the month falls during the season of winter. In many European countries, August is the holiday month for most workers. Numerous religious holidays occurred during August in ancient Rome.
Certain
meteor showers take place in August. The
Kappa Cygnids take place in August, with the dates varying each year. The
Alpha Capricornids meteor shower takes place as early as July 10 and ends at around August 10, and the Southern Delta Aquariids take place from mid-July to mid-August, with the peak usually around July 28–29. The
Perseids, a major meteor shower, typically takes place between July 17 and August 24, with the days of the peak varying yearly. The star cluster of
Messier 30 is best observed around August.
Among the aborigines of the Canary Islands, especially among the
Guanches of
Tenerife, the month of August received in the name of Beñesmer or
Beñesmen, which was also the harvest festival held this month.
The month was originally named Sextilis in
Latin because it was the 6th month in the original ten-month
Roman calendar under
Romulus in 753 BC, with
March being the first month of the year. About 700 BC, it became the eighth month when
January and
February were added to the year before March by King
Numa Pompilius, who also gave it 29 days.
Julius Caesar added two days when he created the
Julian calendar in 46BC (
AUC708), giving it its modern length of 31 days.
In 8 BC, the month was renamed in honor of Emperor
Augustus. According to a
Senatus consultum quoted by
Macrobius, he chose this month because it was the time of several of his great triumphs, including the conquest of Egypt. Commonly repeated lore has it that August has 31 days because Augustus wanted his month to match the length of Julius Caesar's July, but this is an invention of the 13th century scholar
Johannes de Sacrobosco. Sextilis in fact had 31 days before it was renamed, and it was not chosen for its length. (Foobar)
Image 12
March is the third month of the year in both the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. In the
Northern Hemisphere, the
meteorological beginning of
spring occurs on the first day of March. The
March equinox on the 20 or 21 marks the astronomical beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of
autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where
September is the seasonal equivalent of the Northern Hemisphere's March. (Foobar)
Image 1
March is the third month of the year in both the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. In the
Northern Hemisphere, the
meteorological beginning of
spring occurs on the first day of March. The
March equinox on the 20 or 21 marks the astronomical beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of
autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where
September is the seasonal equivalent of the Northern Hemisphere's March. (Foobar)
Image 2
October is the tenth month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The eighth month in the old
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, October retained its name (from
Latin and
Greekôctō meaning "eight") after January and February were inserted into the calendar that had originally been created by the Romans. In
Ancient Rome, one of three
Mundus patet would take place on October 5,
Meditrinalia October 11,
Augustalia on October 12,
October Horse on October 15, and
Armilustrium on October 19. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. Among the
Anglo-Saxons, it was known as
Winterfylleth (Ƿinterfylleþ), because at this full moon, winter was supposed to begin.
February is the second month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. The month has 28 days in
common years or 29 in
leap years, with the 29th day being called the leap day. It is the first of five months not to have 31 days (the other four being April, June, September, and November) and the only one to have fewer than 30 days. February is the third and last month of
meteorological winter in the
Northern Hemisphere. In the
Southern Hemisphere, February is the third and last month of
meteorological summer (being the seasonal equivalent of what is
August in the Northern Hemisphere). (Foobar)
Image 4
September is the ninth month of the year in both the
Gregorian calendar and the less commonly used
Julian calendar. In the modern Gregorian calendar, its length is 30 days.
In the Northern hemisphere, the beginning of the meteorological
autumn is on 1 September. In the Southern hemisphere, the beginning of the meteorological
spring is on 1 September.
September (from Latin septem, "seven") was originally the seventh of ten months in the oldest known
Roman calendar, the
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, with March (Latin Martius) the first month of the year until perhaps as late as 451 BC. After the calendar reform that added
January and
February to the beginning of the year, September became the ninth month but retained its name. It had 29 days until the Julian reform, which added a day. (Foobar)
May is a month of
spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and
autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, May in the
Southern Hemisphere is the seasonal equivalent of
November in the Northern Hemisphere and vice versa. Late May typically marks the start of the summer vacation season in the United States (
Memorial Day) and Canada (
Victoria Day) that ends on
Labour Day, the first Monday of September.
May (in
Latin, Maius) was named for the
Greek goddessMaia, who was identified with the
Roman eragoddess of fertility,
Bona Dea, whose
festival was held in May. Conversely, the Roman poet
Ovid provides a second etymology, in which he says that the month of May is named for the maiores, Latin for "elders," and that the following month (June) is named for the iuniores, or "young people" (Fasti VI.88). Eta Aquariids meteor shower appears in May. It is visible from about April 21 to about May 20 each year with peak activity on or around May 6. The
Arietids shower from May 22 – July 2, and peaks on June 7. The
Virginids also shower at various dates in May. (Foobar)
July is the seventh month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. It was named by the
Roman Senate in honour of Roman general
Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., being the month of his birth. Before then it was called
Quintilis, being the fifth month of the calendar that started with March.
It is on average the warmest month in most of the
Northern Hemisphere, where it is the second month of summer, and the coldest month in much of the
Southern Hemisphere, where it is the second month of winter. The second half of the year commences in July. In the Southern Hemisphere, July is the seasonal equivalent of January in the Northern hemisphere.
"
Dog days" are considered to begin in early July in the
Northern Hemisphere, when the hot sultry weather of summer usually starts.
Spring lambs born in late winter or early spring are usually sold before 1 July. (Foobar)
Image 9
December is the twelfth and final month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. December’s name derives from the Latin word decem (meaning
ten) because it was originally the tenth month of the year in the
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, which began in March. The winter days following December were not included as part of any month. Later, the months of January and February were created out of the monthless period and added to the beginning of the calendar, but December retained its name.
In
Ancient Rome, as one of the four
Agonalia, this day in honour of
Sol Indiges was held on December 11, as was
Septimontium.
Dies natalis (birthday) was held at the temple of
Tellus on December 13,
Consualia was held on December 15,
Saturnalia was held December 17–23,
Opiconsivia was held on December 19,
Divalia was held on December 21,
Larentalia was held on December 23, and the dies natalis of
Sol Invictus was held on December 25. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar.
The
Atlantic hurricane season—when
tropical or
subtropical cyclones are most likely to form in the north Atlantic Ocean—begins on 1 June and lasts until 30 November. The
East Asian rainy season is also generally considered to commence during this month. Multiple
meteor showers occur annually in June, including the
Arietids, which are among the most intense daylight meteor showers of the year, and last between 22 May and 2 July, peaking in intensity on 8 June.
Numerous observances take place in June.
Midsummer, the celebration of the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, commences in several countries. In Catholicism, this month is dedicated to the
devotion of the
Sacred Heart of Jesus, and known as the
Month of the Sacred Heart. The most well-known
month-long observance in the United States in June is
Pride Month, which is the celebration of
LGBT individuals and the advancement of their civil liberties. (Foobar)
Image 11
January is the first month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The first day of the month is known as
New Year's Day. It is, on average, the coldest month of the year within most of the
Northern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of winter) and the warmest month of the year within most of the
Southern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of summer). In the Southern hemisphere, January is the seasonal equivalent of July in the Northern hemisphere and vice versa.
Ancient Roman observances during this month include
Cervula and Juvenalia, celebrated January 1, as well as one of three
Agonalia, celebrated January 9, and
Carmentalia, celebrated January 11. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. (Foobar)
In the
Southern Hemisphere, August is the seasonal equivalent of
February in the
Northern Hemisphere. In the Northern Hemisphere, August falls in the season of summer. In the Southern Hemisphere, the month falls during the season of winter. In many European countries, August is the holiday month for most workers. Numerous religious holidays occurred during August in ancient Rome.
Certain
meteor showers take place in August. The
Kappa Cygnids take place in August, with the dates varying each year. The
Alpha Capricornids meteor shower takes place as early as July 10 and ends at around August 10, and the Southern Delta Aquariids take place from mid-July to mid-August, with the peak usually around July 28–29. The
Perseids, a major meteor shower, typically takes place between July 17 and August 24, with the days of the peak varying yearly. The star cluster of
Messier 30 is best observed around August.
Among the aborigines of the Canary Islands, especially among the
Guanches of
Tenerife, the month of August received in the name of Beñesmer or
Beñesmen, which was also the harvest festival held this month.
The month was originally named Sextilis in
Latin because it was the 6th month in the original ten-month
Roman calendar under
Romulus in 753 BC, with
March being the first month of the year. About 700 BC, it became the eighth month when
January and
February were added to the year before March by King
Numa Pompilius, who also gave it 29 days.
Julius Caesar added two days when he created the
Julian calendar in 46BC (
AUC708), giving it its modern length of 31 days.
In 8 BC, the month was renamed in honor of Emperor
Augustus. According to a
Senatus consultum quoted by
Macrobius, he chose this month because it was the time of several of his great triumphs, including the conquest of Egypt. Commonly repeated lore has it that August has 31 days because Augustus wanted his month to match the length of Julius Caesar's July, but this is an invention of the 13th century scholar
Johannes de Sacrobosco. Sextilis in fact had 31 days before it was renamed, and it was not chosen for its length. (Foobar)
The
Atlantic hurricane season—when
tropical or
subtropical cyclones are most likely to form in the north Atlantic Ocean—begins on 1 June and lasts until 30 November. The
East Asian rainy season is also generally considered to commence during this month. Multiple
meteor showers occur annually in June, including the
Arietids, which are among the most intense daylight meteor showers of the year, and last between 22 May and 2 July, peaking in intensity on 8 June.
Numerous observances take place in June.
Midsummer, the celebration of the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, commences in several countries. In Catholicism, this month is dedicated to the
devotion of the
Sacred Heart of Jesus, and known as the
Month of the Sacred Heart. The most well-known
month-long observance in the United States in June is
Pride Month, which is the celebration of
LGBT individuals and the advancement of their civil liberties.
October is the tenth month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The eighth month in the old
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, October retained its name (from
Latin and
Greekôctō meaning "eight") after January and February were inserted into the calendar that had originally been created by the Romans. In
Ancient Rome, one of three
Mundus patet would take place on October 5,
Meditrinalia October 11,
Augustalia on October 12,
October Horse on October 15, and
Armilustrium on October 19. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. Among the
Anglo-Saxons, it was known as
Winterfylleth (Ƿinterfylleþ), because at this full moon, winter was supposed to begin.
October is commonly associated with the season of
spring in parts of the
Southern Hemisphere, and
autumn in parts of the
Northern Hemisphere, where it is the seasonal equivalent to
April in the Southern Hemisphere and vice versa.
Image 4
September is the ninth month of the year in both the
Gregorian calendar and the less commonly used
Julian calendar. In the modern Gregorian calendar, its length is 30 days.
In the Northern hemisphere, the beginning of the meteorological
autumn is on 1 September. In the Southern hemisphere, the beginning of the meteorological
spring is on 1 September.
September (from Latin septem, "seven") was originally the seventh of ten months in the oldest known
Roman calendar, the
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, with March (Latin Martius) the first month of the year until perhaps as late as 451 BC. After the calendar reform that added
January and
February to the beginning of the year, September became the ninth month but retained its name. It had 29 days until the Julian reform, which added a day.
Image 5
January is the first month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The first day of the month is known as
New Year's Day. It is, on average, the coldest month of the year within most of the
Northern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of winter) and the warmest month of the year within most of the
Southern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of summer). In the Southern hemisphere, January is the seasonal equivalent of July in the Northern hemisphere and vice versa.
Ancient Roman observances during this month include
Cervula and Juvenalia, celebrated January 1, as well as one of three
Agonalia, celebrated January 9, and
Carmentalia, celebrated January 11. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar.
Image 6
December is the twelfth and final month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. December’s name derives from the Latin word decem (meaning
ten) because it was originally the tenth month of the year in the
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, which began in March. The winter days following December were not included as part of any month. Later, the months of January and February were created out of the monthless period and added to the beginning of the calendar, but December retained its name.
In
Ancient Rome, as one of the four
Agonalia, this day in honour of
Sol Indiges was held on December 11, as was
Septimontium.
Dies natalis (birthday) was held at the temple of
Tellus on December 13,
Consualia was held on December 15,
Saturnalia was held December 17–23,
Opiconsivia was held on December 19,
Divalia was held on December 21,
Larentalia was held on December 23, and the dies natalis of
Sol Invictus was held on December 25. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar.
May is a month of
spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and
autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, May in the
Southern Hemisphere is the seasonal equivalent of
November in the Northern Hemisphere and vice versa. Late May typically marks the start of the summer vacation season in the United States (
Memorial Day) and Canada (
Victoria Day) that ends on
Labour Day, the first Monday of September.
May (in
Latin, Maius) was named for the
Greek goddessMaia, who was identified with the
Roman eragoddess of fertility,
Bona Dea, whose
festival was held in May. Conversely, the Roman poet
Ovid provides a second etymology, in which he says that the month of May is named for the maiores, Latin for "elders," and that the following month (June) is named for the iuniores, or "young people" (Fasti VI.88). Eta Aquariids meteor shower appears in May. It is visible from about April 21 to about May 20 each year with peak activity on or around May 6. The
Arietids shower from May 22 – July 2, and peaks on June 7. The
Virginids also shower at various dates in May.
Image 8
March is the third month of the year in both the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. In the
Northern Hemisphere, the
meteorological beginning of
spring occurs on the first day of March. The
March equinox on the 20 or 21 marks the astronomical beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of
autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where
September is the seasonal equivalent of the Northern Hemisphere's March.
July is the seventh month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. It was named by the
Roman Senate in honour of Roman general
Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., being the month of his birth. Before then it was called
Quintilis, being the fifth month of the calendar that started with March.
It is on average the warmest month in most of the
Northern Hemisphere, where it is the second month of summer, and the coldest month in much of the
Southern Hemisphere, where it is the second month of winter. The second half of the year commences in July. In the Southern Hemisphere, July is the seasonal equivalent of January in the Northern hemisphere.
"
Dog days" are considered to begin in early July in the
Northern Hemisphere, when the hot sultry weather of summer usually starts.
Spring lambs born in late winter or early spring are usually sold before 1 July.
In the
Southern Hemisphere, August is the seasonal equivalent of
February in the
Northern Hemisphere. In the Northern Hemisphere, August falls in the season of summer. In the Southern Hemisphere, the month falls during the season of winter. In many European countries, August is the holiday month for most workers. Numerous religious holidays occurred during August in ancient Rome.
Certain
meteor showers take place in August. The
Kappa Cygnids take place in August, with the dates varying each year. The
Alpha Capricornids meteor shower takes place as early as July 10 and ends at around August 10, and the Southern Delta Aquariids take place from mid-July to mid-August, with the peak usually around July 28–29. The
Perseids, a major meteor shower, typically takes place between July 17 and August 24, with the days of the peak varying yearly. The star cluster of
Messier 30 is best observed around August.
Among the aborigines of the Canary Islands, especially among the
Guanches of
Tenerife, the month of August received in the name of Beñesmer or
Beñesmen, which was also the harvest festival held this month.
The month was originally named Sextilis in
Latin because it was the 6th month in the original ten-month
Roman calendar under
Romulus in 753 BC, with
March being the first month of the year. About 700 BC, it became the eighth month when
January and
February were added to the year before March by King
Numa Pompilius, who also gave it 29 days.
Julius Caesar added two days when he created the
Julian calendar in 46BC (
AUC708), giving it its modern length of 31 days.
In 8 BC, the month was renamed in honor of Emperor
Augustus. According to a
Senatus consultum quoted by
Macrobius, he chose this month because it was the time of several of his great triumphs, including the conquest of Egypt. Commonly repeated lore has it that August has 31 days because Augustus wanted his month to match the length of Julius Caesar's July, but this is an invention of the 13th century scholar
Johannes de Sacrobosco. Sextilis in fact had 31 days before it was renamed, and it was not chosen for its length.
Image 12
February is the second month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. The month has 28 days in
common years or 29 in
leap years, with the 29th day being called the leap day. It is the first of five months not to have 31 days (the other four being April, June, September, and November) and the only one to have fewer than 30 days. February is the third and last month of
meteorological winter in the
Northern Hemisphere. In the
Southern Hemisphere, February is the third and last month of
meteorological summer (being the seasonal equivalent of what is
August in the Northern Hemisphere).
Image 1
March is the third month of the year in both the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. In the
Northern Hemisphere, the
meteorological beginning of
spring occurs on the first day of March. The
March equinox on the 20 or 21 marks the astronomical beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of
autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where
September is the seasonal equivalent of the Northern Hemisphere's March.
Image 2
January is the first month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The first day of the month is known as
New Year's Day. It is, on average, the coldest month of the year within most of the
Northern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of winter) and the warmest month of the year within most of the
Southern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of summer). In the Southern hemisphere, January is the seasonal equivalent of July in the Northern hemisphere and vice versa.
Ancient Roman observances during this month include
Cervula and Juvenalia, celebrated January 1, as well as one of three
Agonalia, celebrated January 9, and
Carmentalia, celebrated January 11. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar.
The
Atlantic hurricane season—when
tropical or
subtropical cyclones are most likely to form in the north Atlantic Ocean—begins on 1 June and lasts until 30 November. The
East Asian rainy season is also generally considered to commence during this month. Multiple
meteor showers occur annually in June, including the
Arietids, which are among the most intense daylight meteor showers of the year, and last between 22 May and 2 July, peaking in intensity on 8 June.
Numerous observances take place in June.
Midsummer, the celebration of the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, commences in several countries. In Catholicism, this month is dedicated to the
devotion of the
Sacred Heart of Jesus, and known as the
Month of the Sacred Heart. The most well-known
month-long observance in the United States in June is
Pride Month, which is the celebration of
LGBT individuals and the advancement of their civil liberties.
May is a month of
spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and
autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, May in the
Southern Hemisphere is the seasonal equivalent of
November in the Northern Hemisphere and vice versa. Late May typically marks the start of the summer vacation season in the United States (
Memorial Day) and Canada (
Victoria Day) that ends on
Labour Day, the first Monday of September.
May (in
Latin, Maius) was named for the
Greek goddessMaia, who was identified with the
Roman eragoddess of fertility,
Bona Dea, whose
festival was held in May. Conversely, the Roman poet
Ovid provides a second etymology, in which he says that the month of May is named for the maiores, Latin for "elders," and that the following month (June) is named for the iuniores, or "young people" (Fasti VI.88). Eta Aquariids meteor shower appears in May. It is visible from about April 21 to about May 20 each year with peak activity on or around May 6. The
Arietids shower from May 22 – July 2, and peaks on June 7. The
Virginids also shower at various dates in May.
September is the ninth month of the year in both the
Gregorian calendar and the less commonly used
Julian calendar. In the modern Gregorian calendar, its length is 30 days.
In the Northern hemisphere, the beginning of the meteorological
autumn is on 1 September. In the Southern hemisphere, the beginning of the meteorological
spring is on 1 September.
September (from Latin septem, "seven") was originally the seventh of ten months in the oldest known
Roman calendar, the
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, with March (Latin Martius) the first month of the year until perhaps as late as 451 BC. After the calendar reform that added
January and
February to the beginning of the year, September became the ninth month but retained its name. It had 29 days until the Julian reform, which added a day.
Image 8
October is the tenth month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The eighth month in the old
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, October retained its name (from
Latin and
Greekôctō meaning "eight") after January and February were inserted into the calendar that had originally been created by the Romans. In
Ancient Rome, one of three
Mundus patet would take place on October 5,
Meditrinalia October 11,
Augustalia on October 12,
October Horse on October 15, and
Armilustrium on October 19. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. Among the
Anglo-Saxons, it was known as
Winterfylleth (Ƿinterfylleþ), because at this full moon, winter was supposed to begin.
October is commonly associated with the season of
spring in parts of the
Southern Hemisphere, and
autumn in parts of the
Northern Hemisphere, where it is the seasonal equivalent to
April in the Southern Hemisphere and vice versa.
Image 9
July is the seventh month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. It was named by the
Roman Senate in honour of Roman general
Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., being the month of his birth. Before then it was called
Quintilis, being the fifth month of the calendar that started with March.
It is on average the warmest month in most of the
Northern Hemisphere, where it is the second month of summer, and the coldest month in much of the
Southern Hemisphere, where it is the second month of winter. The second half of the year commences in July. In the Southern Hemisphere, July is the seasonal equivalent of January in the Northern hemisphere.
"
Dog days" are considered to begin in early July in the
Northern Hemisphere, when the hot sultry weather of summer usually starts.
Spring lambs born in late winter or early spring are usually sold before 1 July.
In the
Southern Hemisphere, August is the seasonal equivalent of
February in the
Northern Hemisphere. In the Northern Hemisphere, August falls in the season of summer. In the Southern Hemisphere, the month falls during the season of winter. In many European countries, August is the holiday month for most workers. Numerous religious holidays occurred during August in ancient Rome.
Certain
meteor showers take place in August. The
Kappa Cygnids take place in August, with the dates varying each year. The
Alpha Capricornids meteor shower takes place as early as July 10 and ends at around August 10, and the Southern Delta Aquariids take place from mid-July to mid-August, with the peak usually around July 28–29. The
Perseids, a major meteor shower, typically takes place between July 17 and August 24, with the days of the peak varying yearly. The star cluster of
Messier 30 is best observed around August.
Among the aborigines of the Canary Islands, especially among the
Guanches of
Tenerife, the month of August received in the name of Beñesmer or
Beñesmen, which was also the harvest festival held this month.
The month was originally named Sextilis in
Latin because it was the 6th month in the original ten-month
Roman calendar under
Romulus in 753 BC, with
March being the first month of the year. About 700 BC, it became the eighth month when
January and
February were added to the year before March by King
Numa Pompilius, who also gave it 29 days.
Julius Caesar added two days when he created the
Julian calendar in 46BC (
AUC708), giving it its modern length of 31 days.
In 8 BC, the month was renamed in honor of Emperor
Augustus. According to a
Senatus consultum quoted by
Macrobius, he chose this month because it was the time of several of his great triumphs, including the conquest of Egypt. Commonly repeated lore has it that August has 31 days because Augustus wanted his month to match the length of Julius Caesar's July, but this is an invention of the 13th century scholar
Johannes de Sacrobosco. Sextilis in fact had 31 days before it was renamed, and it was not chosen for its length.
Image 11
December is the twelfth and final month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. December’s name derives from the Latin word decem (meaning
ten) because it was originally the tenth month of the year in the
calendar of Romulus
c. 750 BC, which began in March. The winter days following December were not included as part of any month. Later, the months of January and February were created out of the monthless period and added to the beginning of the calendar, but December retained its name.
In
Ancient Rome, as one of the four
Agonalia, this day in honour of
Sol Indiges was held on December 11, as was
Septimontium.
Dies natalis (birthday) was held at the temple of
Tellus on December 13,
Consualia was held on December 15,
Saturnalia was held December 17–23,
Opiconsivia was held on December 19,
Divalia was held on December 21,
Larentalia was held on December 23, and the dies natalis of
Sol Invictus was held on December 25. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar.
February is the second month of the year in the
Julian and
Gregorian calendars. The month has 28 days in
common years or 29 in
leap years, with the 29th day being called the leap day. It is the first of five months not to have 31 days (the other four being April, June, September, and November) and the only one to have fewer than 30 days. February is the third and last month of
meteorological winter in the
Northern Hemisphere. In the
Southern Hemisphere, February is the third and last month of
meteorological summer (being the seasonal equivalent of what is
August in the Northern Hemisphere).