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Q: Why is the Nazi Party labeled a
far-right party? They called themselves
socialists, so should they be
left-wing?
A: Almost all historical and present-day academic literature places the Nazi Party on the far-right of the traditional
left-right spectrum, which in turn is the most common short-form classification used in political science; however, labor parties are typically on the left in party affiliation. The Nazis themselves attacked both left-wing and traditional right-wing politicians and movements in Germany as being traitors to Germany. While the Nazi regime's economic policies are very different from those of present-day right-wing parties that adhere to
classical liberal or
neoliberal positions (which advocate, e.g., a highly deregulated, privatized economic environment), Nazi economic policy was typical of the early to mid twentieth century far-right, and indeed most political currents of the time, in that it embraced interventionist economics. The Nazi Party absorbed the far-right reactionary
monarchist and nationalist
German National People's Party into its membership in 1933. The Nazi Party also held good relations with openly right-wing political movements in Europe, such as the
Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right, whose leader Gil-Robles was a guest at the 1933 Nazi Party Nuremberg rally and sought to model his movement upon the Nazi Party.
Q: If socialism is mainly left-wing and they called themselves socialists in their name, why is this being ignored?
A: Historically several right-wing figures used the term "socialism" to mean something very different from what would be understood by traditional left-wing
socialism, referring simply to the broader concept of collectivism and anti-individualism. For instance, "conservative socialism" was promoted by Austrian political figure Metternich. The prominent French
reactionarymonarchistCharles Maurras famously said "a socialism liberated from the democratic and cosmopolitan element fits nationalism well as a well made glove fits a beautiful hand". Maurras's views influenced
fascism.
Oswald Spengler's ideal of "
Prussian Socialism" directly influenced Nazism, and Spengler promoted it as a member of the far-right
Conservative Revolutionary movement. However, many socialists have a dim view of what they see as
cooptation of socialism by otherwise right-wing movements. For example,
Nikita Khrushchev sardonically remarked, "In modern times the word Socialism has become very fashionable, and it has also been used very loosely. Even Hitler used to babble about Socialism, and he worked the word into the name of his National Socialist party. The whole world knows what sort of Socialism Hitler had in mind."
Q: The article on
far-left politics says X, Y, and Z. Why doesn't this article say the same to make them equal?
A: This is what we call
false balance: our articles are meant to reflect the sources, not each other. Two ends of the political spectrum aren't necessarily equal, equatable, or comparable, and so the articles aren't obliged to have parity. Instead, anything written in either article should be determined by what
reliable sources say, regardless of how the ideological opposite is presented.
Although I do think this article is good in lots of ways, I think it needs more improvement. for example, The overreliance on fascist imagery is misleading. For an example, the lead image. The lead image has has the flag of
Flag of Nazi Germany. Is this necessarily bad, no. Is it misleading, yes. fascists and Nazis are far right but most people on the far right are not fascists and Nazis. For this example lets use the political party,
Alternative for Germany. At the point of writing this they are polling at 19%, tying with the
Social Democratic Party of Germany at second.
[1] Summed up, why are we using symbols of fringe groups to represent the majority of the far right? More examples of far right to right wing parties.
FideszOur Homeland MovementRevival (Bulgarian political party)Freedom Party of AustriaPeople's Party of CanadaBrothers of ItalySweden Democrats. note most of these party's are right wing to far right. If most mainstream far-right political parties are like this, shouldn't this article reflect that reality. The truth is the difference between
Right-wing politics and
far-right politics is vary bleary and Wikipedia should reflect that ./. an idea I have is to make an article that represents the middle ground between
Right-wing politics and
Far-right politics. The same can be said about the corresponding left wing articles.
Zyxrq (
talk) 22:17, 21 June 2023 (UTC)reply
A major problem with this article is that it conflates two topics: parties to the right of the mainstream and parties that are furthest to the right. (The article begins, "Far-right politics, or right-wing extremism.") In reality, academics distinguish between the two sets. Note that the second set is part of the first set. Unfortunately, they are inconsistent with terms, referring to one as "far right" and the other as "extreme right" or vice versa. Neo-fascism dominates the second set, even though some parties try to distance themselves.
As an example, Farage's UKIP could be considered far right because it was to the right of the Tories. But it was distinguishable from the British National Party which had fascist origins.
"fascists and Nazis are far right but most people on the far right are not fascists and Nazis." My suspicion is that the unifying ideology behind every far-right variation is
ultranationalism (with its eternal pursuit of supremacy). But there is no unified symbol for either ultranationalism or
nationalism itself.
Dimadick (
talk) 08:27, 22 June 2023 (UTC)reply
The introduction of the article misleads. A far-right party can also be reactionary without necessarily being nationalist.
From the way the far right is presented in the article, it seems that before the Nazis and fascists it did not exist: nothing could be more false.
93.45.229.98 (
talk) 09:09, 11 September 2023 (UTC)reply
It says "tends to be," which means in some cases it may not be.
It's probable that the far right did not exist prior to Fascism. Do you have any sources that it did?
TFD (
talk) 16:41, 11 September 2023 (UTC)reply
@
The Four Deuces Well, it's obvious that it existed before fascism, the historical far right are the reactionaries.
In the 19th century the expression "extreme right" was more popular. See for example: A history of the four Georges Volume 1 By Justin McCarthy, Justin Huntly McCarthy (1884), p. 24
"These men constituted what would now be called in the language of French politics the Extreme Right of the Tory party"
93.45.229.98 (
talk) 11:11, 14 September 2023 (UTC)reply
On
Google Books you can see all the uses made in the nineteenth century (all texts are in the public domain):
I agree with this person. There were far-rightist or
ultraconservative movements prior to fascism, such as the
Ultra-Tories in the United Kingdom, the
Ultra-royalists in France, and the
ultramontanists in Italy. This is classical right-wing politics, although an extreme version of it, unlike fascism and national socialism which are identifed, by themselves and scholars alike, as syncretic ideologies, combining elements from left and right.
Trakking (
talk) 12:22, 14 September 2023 (UTC)reply
In your article, Extreme Right is used to refer to the
German Conservative Party. It's not using the term in the same way we would today. They are called Extreme Right to distinguish them from the more moderate
Free Conservative Party, which it calls the Moderate Right.
While both parties are defunct, three parties still exist: the Christian Democrats, Free Democrats and Social Democrats. The first is referred to as the Center, while the others are referred to as Extreme Left. We are more likely to refer to them today as center-right, center and center-left.
Of course, in a multi-party system, one party has to sit on the extreme right. But the topic of the article is parties that are to the right of the mainstream parties. The German Conservative Party was the governing party.
TFD (
talk) 12:37, 14 September 2023 (UTC)reply
In A history of the four Georges? Can you tell me the page? I can't find "Extreme Right" for the German Conservative Party in the book.
In any case... there is a geographically and historically limited perspective in the article's incipit.
93.45.229.98 (
talk) 12:59, 14 September 2023 (UTC)reply
I went to the first hit of the Google search you provided: The Saturday Review, p. 252.
[2]
In the Georges, the author is comparing British Jacobites, who wanted to restore the Stuart monarchy, with French legitimists, who wanted to restore the Bourbon monarchy. They took their name, Extreme Right, from the position in which they sat in the National Assembly. Lots of parties in Europe, which were loose associations of elected members, took their names from where they sat. Of course there will always be members who sit on the extreme right or extreme left.
If you think that there should be mention of other movements from other times and places, please provide sources. Policy requires that articles reflect the balance in reliable sources. It is not our role to correct it.
TFD (
talk) 13:31, 14 September 2023 (UTC)reply
@
The Four Deuces: I just wanted to highlight an important aspect you mentioned. The word ”far right” is actually ambiguous and, as many dictionaries will inform you, may simply mean the most rightist faction of a party. Thus, all rightist parties have a far-right. For example, the
National Right is the far-right faction of the Liberal Party of Australia, which is considered a centre-right party.
Trakking (
talk) 14:30, 14 September 2023 (UTC)reply
I agree. However, in comparative politics, social scientists used party families where they perceived relationships between parties in different countries. For example, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Communist Party of the USA were considered to be in the same family, viz., the communist party family. That could be shown by similar names, symbols, ideologies, circumstances of origin, international cooperation and perception both by members and outsiders.
The main ideologies into which families fell were conservative, Christian democratic, liberal, socialist and communist. Naming them presented little problem because they self-identified with these groups and were perceived to belong to them.
A problem arose with parties that were perceived to be to the right of the traditional families. They did not have similar names, symbols, ideologies, circumstances of origin, or international cooperation.
Most sources refer to them as either far right or extreme right parties. Can you think of what else we should call them? Or do you think the category does not exist?
The example of the
Ultra-Tories (sources are in the wikiarticle) is sufficient. According to Manual of Political Ethics For the Use of Colleges and Students Law Volume 2 (1875) by Francis Lieber, p. 271:
"The extreme right is always occupied by the party claiming to be the most
royalist, or, as is the case now,
super-royalist, that is, by the party who are for the
old Bourbons; the extreme left, by those who claim to be the most liberal, or by
republicans. Between them we have the right, the right centre, the centre, the left centre, and the left."
For historical reasons, the meaning of the extreme right in the past (i.e., exclusively
reactionary) should be mentioned. There is a real lack of clarification on the difference between the old elitist extreme right and the new mass far-right.
This does not detract from the fact that the current article is also localist, in fact in Latin America the
Brazilian integralists or the
Pinochetistas in Chile have been important far-right factions. The last faction is the one that has most influenced the extreme Latin American right today, which is extremely anticommunist.
This clearly does not exclude the fact that far-right racial supremacism has pre-fascist and pre-Nazi origins, just think of the
C.S.A. (1861–1865) or the First
K.K.K. (1865–1872). It is also good to remember that
racialism, racial slavery and segregation are reactionary politics.
93.45.229.98 (
talk) 14:45, 14 September 2023 (UTC)reply
As trakking mentioned, the term extreme right can be used in a relative sense. The Liberal Party of Australia has a narrow ideological range, yet we can talk about the its left an right wings. Stalin faced both a Right Opposition within the Communist Party but that did not mean they were right-wing. They were only right-wing relative to Stalin.
Your source was written at a time when as I mentioned parties took their names from where they sat in the National Assembly. Denmarks center-right liberal party, for example is called the Left because that's where they originally sat in parliament.
Also, parties that claim to be the most liberal are not far left, because there are socialist and communist parties to their left. In fact, by the end of the 19th century, most parties with left in their names were considered right-wing.
BTW you claim that racism is far right would mean that most if not all mainstream politics before the 1960s was far right.
Anyway, Wikipedia is a tertiary source that summarizes what reliable sources say in proportion to what they say about them. An article on far right politics therefore should read like a similar article in a political textbook. It's against policy to change the balance.
TFD (
talk) 15:19, 14 September 2023 (UTC)reply
BTW instead of using books from the 1800s to find out whether or not the extreme right existed, you should use modern texts. Old texts not reliable sources. As you can see, what they meant by Extreme Right is not what is meant today. They never for example used these terms to describe anything outside legislatures. And the terms were used based on the party's original position in the legislature, which could change. So for example the Extreme Left Party was part of the French right-wing. See Marcel Gauchet's article "Right and Left" for an explanation of how these terms developed.
TFD (
talk) 15:46, 14 September 2023 (UTC)reply
I specified "the meaning of the extreme right in the past". I didn't really write that: "that racism is far right would mean that most if not all mainstream politics before the 1960s was far right" but that "far-right racial supremacism has pre-fascist and pre-Nazi origins, just think of the
C.S.A. (1861–1865) or the First
K.K.K. (1865–1872). It is also good to remember that
racialism, racial slavery and segregation are reactionary politics". However, it is a fact that the former American racist politics (once more mainstream) are now far-right...
"what they meant by Extreme Right is not what is meant today"
Individuals proposing the
Ancien Régime restoration,
feudalism (
serfdom and legal status like that of the
kholops),
patriarchalism (
divine right of kings), violent
expansionism, colonialism and slavery of natives, monarchical absolutism, etc., etc., are still extreme right-wing today. These are policies still outside the mainstream right.
Fascism was certainly peculiar, but it is remembered as "far right" for reactionary policies not for reformist policies.
93.45.229.98 (
talk) 16:00, 14 September 2023 (UTC)reply
Over time, views that were once acceptable are considered reactionary. But I wouldn't say that Louis IV was far a right-wing extremist because today absolute monarchy has no support. In fact, I don't know of any right-wing extremists who advocate it.
If I were to group legitimists by ideology, it would probably be as conservatives. Maistre and a number of other French defenders of the Bourbons are considered conservatives.
The issue was whether the extreme right existed before WWI and if so who they were. Or was the extreme right something that emerged as a result of the chaos following the WWI and increased public participation in the political process.
TFD (
talk) 16:44, 14 September 2023 (UTC)reply
"The issue was whether the extreme right existed before WWI and if so who they were"
I read the comment late... Action Française, founded in 1899, is a pre-WWI far-right group still in existence.
93.45.229.98 (
talk) 18:16, 14 September 2023 (UTC)reply
On reflection there were some groups that would be considered far right in the late 19th and early 20th century in France and Austria-Hungary, which some writers consider urfascism.
TFD (
talk) 17:24, 14 September 2023 (UTC)reply
TFD, we already have an article on
proto-fascism and the "direct predecessor ideologies and cultural movements that influenced and formed the basis of fascism."
Dimadick (
talk) 08:18, 15 September 2023 (UTC)reply
To be fair Proto-Fascism doesn't necessarily mean far-right ideologies that came before Fascism
Zyxrq (
talk) 00:13, 28 January 2024 (UTC)reply
Hard-right? PT. 2
Should there be a delineation between "hard-right" politics and "far-right" politics, or should we treat them as the same? I notice, for instance, that The New York Times conspicuously eschews the label "far-right" when discussing people like Matt Gaetz, but does not do so when referring to a presidential candidate in Argentina. I imagine other editors of this page are far more informed than I am on these two terms and their idiosyncrasies, but I figured I'd ask about it.
Delukiel (
talk) 00:34, 24 October 2023 (UTC)reply
"Hard right" is one of those sources that can mean different things by publication; in my experience it's not usually synonymous with the far-right, and sits between it and just old regular "right-wing". That said, it's nebulous at best. It's likely that the NYT doesn't consider Matt Gaetz far-right (or is more careful about using that to describe American politicians). In short, I don't think it should be treated as the same. — Czello(
music) 17:18, 24 October 2023 (UTC)reply
The extreme right is the same as the hard-right because there are references that indicate it, there is no bibliographic support that says otherwise.
AmigodeMassa (
talk) 12:59, 21 November 2023 (UTC) reply
As above, it's not ubiquitous in sourcing. — Czello(
music) 13:06, 21 November 2023 (UTC)reply
For example, in this reference from the week[1], it is indicated that both Cambio and Vox belong to the hard-right, while Javier Milei belongs to the far-right, therefore they are synonyms since I imagine that all people believe that Vox is even more right-wing than Javier Milei, however the hard-right classification is used. With this I want to affirm that they are exactly the same
AmigodeMassa (
talk) 13:13, 21 November 2023 (UTC) reply
I see you've reproduced here some content that you posted during our discussion over your assertion that the Traditional Unionist Voice party was a "far-right" party, viz.
TUV Political Position.
Your statement "First we have to understand that hard-right is the same as extreme right " seems to me to fall into the category of what the Wikipedia Manual of Style calls "Instructional and Presumptious language"[3] .
For what it's worth, my own undertanding of the recent increase in the use of the term "hard right" by journalists is that they are substituting it for the term "far right", not because they want to but because their readers are questioning the use of such a term.
My own point of reference when it comes to European political parties and their political nature is the following website:
Wolfram Nordsiek, comparative study of party systems in Europe. Here is their own description of what their website is about: "Parties and Elections in Europe provides a comprehensive database about political parties, elections and governments in all European countries. The website contains the results of parliamentary elections from more than 100 countries and autonomous regions in Europe. The parties are classified according to their political orientation. Historical data can be found in the archive.The private website was established by Wolfram Nordsieck in 1997. The editor began his comparative study of party systems, parliamentary elections and constitutional laws in the late 1980s. Thereafter he studied law and history at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf. Today he practices law."
They include such categories as "Far-right politics" , "Right-wing populism", "Nationalism" and "Social Conservatism".
BrownBowler (
talk) 17:58, 14 February 2024 (UTC)reply
Monito rapido, I'm not trying to make a point, I'm just trying to do my best to elucidate a subject and to provide more information for discussion. At the same time, I added an opinion in case anyone was interested in what I had to say. That's what Wikipedia is about. I was criticising your style of discussion, that's true.
BrownBowler (
talk) 20:19, 14 February 2024 (UTC)reply
I'm not going to use those references for anything, I'm only using those references for saying that the far-right, hard-right, extreme-right and ultra-right are the same and have the same meaning.
Monito rapido (
talk) 18:48, 14 February 2024 (UTC) reply
The problem is that the various terms are used inconsistently in reliable sources. News articles, whose writers are not experts, often chose their descriptions for brevity or unconscious bias. Authoritarians we like are hard right, while those we don't are far right.
TFD (
talk) 18:56, 14 February 2024 (UTC)reply
You are stating that it is the same. the term must be added equally, or as a synonym, or as a faction of the far right
Monito rapido (
talk) 19:36, 14 February 2024 (UTC) reply
No I am not. I am saying that the terms are used inconsistently. Someone could call Hitler and Rand Paul far right. Or they could call HItler far right and Paul hard right. Or they could call HItler extreme right and Paul far right. So they are using these terms differently. They may for example distinguish HItler and Paul or they may group them together. They are both to the right of mainstream politics but far apart within that range.
TFD (
talk) 23:57, 14 February 2024 (UTC)reply
I see that
Monito rapido has been blocked by admin for sockpuppetry. Here is the comment from the admin clerk "Registered shortly after CulturalHuya and AmigodeMassa were blocked, exhibits precisely the same type of editing, with focus on far-right politics. Like master, seems to use Spanish language. Technical competence from first edit, continued to edit the same articles as master and socks.". No doubt to return very soon.
BrownBowler (
talk) 10:18, 15 February 2024 (UTC)reply
I struck through edits of both of the socks.
Doug Wellertalk 12:05, 15 February 2024 (UTC)reply
In the section titled "Emergence" it reads "less similarities" which is incorrect. It should be replaced with "fewer similarities".
Normally I'd correct such a mistake by editing, however it's not possible on this page. Could someone who can edit this page correct it?
83.5.185.88 (
talk) 02:38, 21 November 2023 (UTC)reply
The NAZIs were socialists, which makes them a left wing party. And, the Democratic Party was the party of slavery and the South. Just saying…
2603:6011:4602:A679:B870:A08D:2C68:6DC (
talk) 16:09, 23 November 2023 (UTC)reply
See the FAQ at the top of this page. — Czello(
music) 16:13, 23 November 2023 (UTC)reply
The Nazis were never socialists. And the Republicans became the part of the South, also see DeSantis and Tim Scott on slavery as well as "Florida Democrat Introduces Bill To Prevent Teaching That Black People 'Benefited From Slavery'". And the Democrats ran the first black persons for President and later Vice-president.
Doug Wellertalk 16:33, 23 November 2023 (UTC)reply
The pre-Civil War Republican Party was created in 1854 by anti-slavery Whigs and Democarts. The Democratic party ran two separate tickets in 1860, a Northern and a Southern ticket, thus letting the Republican Party to win.
Doug Wellertalk 08:30, 10 December 2023 (UTC)reply
"The Far Right Is Growing Stronger—and Has a Plan for 2024"
Title of this article
[4]. Note that it says the
Overton window has shifted:" Although the alt right collapsed, its goal of shifting the “Overton window”—the spectrum of what is considered legitimate political discourse—succeeded. Today, white supremacist, anti-LGBTQ+, and even antisemitic conspiracy theories have become so prevalent that what was taboo even in 2018 is accepted by many as not only normal but acceptable."
Doug Wellertalk 15:59, 4 January 2024 (UTC)reply
The
alt-right article points out how even though Charlottesville caused the alt-right to shatter, it had a ripple effect of radicalizing alt-righters into terrorism (Atomwaffen experienced great growth post-Cville). And now Republicans sort of occupy the position alt-right did a few years ago: White Genocide rhetoric is mainstream in GOP, etc.[1][2]RKT7789 (
talk) 16:30, 4 January 2024 (UTC)reply
There is no consensus on the reliability of the Daily Beast and no reason why the opinion of the journalist who wrote the story has any significance. Notice he says that the mainstream has ignored the growing strength of extremism, which suggests he is presenting a minority view.
I am not saying he is wrong, but I would need a better source to determine that.
TFD (
talk) 17:59, 15 February 2024 (UTC)reply
The volume, for lack of a better term, of Far-right rhetoric from the GOP in the mainstream has changed over the years, particularly since Trump's election, and has been been increasingly discussed by academics and scholars since the J6 attack. Finding sources that show some consensus on the subject of the extent to which the far-right is shaping or controlling the GOP platform in the mainstream would be most helpful. Currently we have separate sources that seemingly coalesce, but the GOP's mainstream platform
hasn't changed since 2016.
DN (
talk) 01:08, 21 January 2024 (UTC)reply
First sentence
Why does the first sentence say "Far-right politics, or right-wing extremism, refers to a spectrum..." when, per
WP:REFERS, it could say "Far-right politics, or right-wing extremism, is a spectrum..."
I'm asking on here rather than boldly replacing it as it seems like an obvious change and I'm confused why it hasn't happened already.
TenToe (
talk) 23:09, 20 January 2024 (UTC)reply
No objection here.
DN (
talk) 00:39, 21 January 2024 (UTC)reply
Lack of neutrality
This article to does not view far right politics the same way as it does view
far-left politics. While the one on the left does mention
authoritarianism, as for the right it says it was inheritly authoritarian, which is not the case. This may not belong in the article, but
right-libertarians often lean further to the right, see their view when it comes to
freedom of speech (as we can see they, they even wish to have the swastika to be covered by the constiution). Keep in mind this is my personal experience, not a decided fact, I however do wish a bit more neutrality to be actually apolitical.
MrLW97 (
talk) 18:14, 26 February 2024 (UTC)reply
I am not that thrilled with
right-libertarianism, but it is a modern extension of
anti-statism as an ideology and
laissez-faire as an economic principle. Where do you see similarities with the
ultranationalism of the far-right, its "hatred of foreigners", its pursuit of "territorial expansion", and its support for
political violence to achieve its goals? When was the last time you heard of a libertarian "carrying out acts of violence and
hate crimes against immigrants" ... and "
ethnic minorities" like some of the European ultranationalist parties?
Dimadick (
talk) 21:45, 26 February 2024 (UTC)reply
The difference between far right and far left is that while far right refers to a specific group of ideologies, far left is a vague term that merely means whatever part to his or her left the speaker finds unacceptable. The ideologies that are part of the far right are in fact authoritarian, while some on the far left, such as anarchism or the Biden administration, are not.
TFD (
talk) 21:56, 26 February 2024 (UTC)reply
I think TFD is indicating that some people (elements of the GOP, for example) call the Biden administration far-left. TFD's point is that the term "far-left" can mean whatever it needs to depending on who is saying it.
I wouldn't call Biden far left, but my point is that someone on the extreme right might because they place people on the spectrum differently. They see themselves as being in the center so Biden must be on the far left. Reliable sources however have described Biden as being on the left, which could place AOC and Sanders on the far left. OTOH, far left could refer to groups to the left of Communist parties. it's a relative term that can mean different things depending on context.
The reason for this is that we don't have other terms to describe their ideologies. There is no other term that groups the KKK and the Nazi Party for example, while other parties typically self-identify with an ideology that is shared across national boundaries.
TFD (
talk) 23:01, 26 February 2024 (UTC)reply
Guidelines for "Far Right" in Lede
Please help steer conversation on
Talk/Joe Kent and how to determine standards for "is far right" and putting "far right" in the lede, particularly because of Nazi imagery on this page and it's syndication to Bing , Google & AI chatbots.
We have plenty of sources placing him "America First", "MAGA", "Republican" and naturally many who like "far right" because of this page.
Far right, (on left you have extreme totalitarianism authoritarianism to the far right of total self autonomy).
Nazi or national socialism Is still far left even if some consider nationalism on the right. Nationalism of no extreme is moderate. Far right exceeds any need of nationalism as it is full anarchy for self autonomy (full freedom as long as it is not i fringing on others).
What infringements occur it goes full left as that is authoritarianism.
2603:7080:2C01:EA7:F031:C781:F39F:4910 (
talk) 15:06, 15 April 2024 (UTC)reply
See the
#FAQ at the top of this page; this is a definition of far-right/left that isn't recognised by historians and politican scientists. — Czello(
music) 15:19, 15 April 2024 (UTC)reply