![]() | This page is an archive of past discussions. Do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the current talk page. |
I have removed the phrase "one of the most potent toxins known to man." "One of the most potent toxins known to man" accurately describes things such as VX (60ug/kg LD50 Rat) dioxin (20ug/kg LD50 Rat) or ricin (0.2mg cited as lethal dose for a person). "The LD50 of nicotine is 50 mg/kg for rats and 3 mg/kg for mice. 40–60 mg can be a lethal dosage for adult human beings" - T. Callahan
From the article: It has long been thought that tar and other chemicals in tobacco were the main cause of cancer but recent studies showed that nicotine alone has carcinogenic properties by inhibiting the natural ability of the body to get rid of cells with significant genetic damage before they turn cancerous.
I'm curious to know if there are some references for this? Links to studies or news articles? This is news to me, but, that may just be the ignorance talking. Secondly, evn if it is true, this statement seems to imply that the carcinogenic effect of nicotine may be equivalent to tar and the other chemicals in tobacco. Is that true? If not, I'd like to propose the addition of more specifc, focused language to clear up the confusion. I look forward to the real scoop! -- NightMonkey 07:17, Aug 2, 2004 (UTC)
The article says both that nicotine is carcinogenic and that it isn't. This should be cleared up. 130.65.26.28 23:02, 12 August 2005 (UTC)
It is suggested that keeping the acetylcholine receptors too active may lead to this consequence, and also that keeping them too dormant may result in conditions like Alzheimer's. -- Thoric 17:29, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)
Was it just me that noticed that the said statement directly contradicts the opening paragraph, where it states: It is not considered a carcinogen.... Maybe someone should change that. I myself, am not really qualified, as I don't know which is the truth. --Jimadilo (not a member presently) 14:58, 28 Jul 2005 (BST)
According the the MSDS of nicotine ( CAS number 54-11-5) found at the Sigma Aldrich website, chronic exposure has been found to be mutagenic in several species of animals, including humans... Unless I am reading the sheet wrong. -- Negaluke 17:48, 14 Feb 2006
Contrary to the opinion of this section, there is an article in one of my organic chemistry textbooks (Vollhardt & Schore, p.1123 3rd edition) entitled "Nicotine and Cancer". The introduction reads "The mechanism by which nicotine in cigarette smoke is converted into highly carciongenic species is gradually becoming more clearly understood." Does anyone know if this is outdated or if there is any evidence to back it up?
it is the most addictive substance to man. If you look at the relapse rate in quitters, it is higher than any other substance.
As someone who has quit smoking less then 24 hours ago, and is now waiting for the patch to do something besides empty my wallet, I am heartened to hear that nicotine withdrawal typically lasts 48 to 72 hours. I am somewhat disturbed to read that symptoms can last for years, however -- anybody have any details?
The box that nicotine patches came in also claimed in a fairly prominent warning that use may cause extremely vivid dreams. Since this doesn't occur with cigarettes (and nicotine is the only active ingredient in the patch), I am curious as to the cause. Any details on that? (I haven't actually slept yet, so I dunno if I will be affected -- I'd kind of like to, as I haven't remembered a single dream on waking in some twelve years or so; hopefully, it will be a goody) Tuf-Kat 05:45, Oct 1, 2004 (UTC)
I believe there was a time when morphine tablets were prescribed as a cure for opium addiction. Looks to me like something very similar is now happening with nicotine re tobacco addiction. Laurel Bush 12:02, 31 January 2007 (UTC).
Nicotine and its metabolites are gone after 72 hours without the drug. After 72 hours, the pangs of "withdrawals" are not physical, but rather psychological in nature. Certain "triggers" -- times when the smoker would routinely go for a cigarette-- cause a feeling of wanting a cigarette. This should not be mistaken for a physical withdrawal, because after 72 hours, and especially so after a week, there is no physical craving, but only a mental void. The mental craving, however, is extremely powerful because smoking at certain triggers has become completely ingrained in the smoker's life. Society and the media have convinced everyone-- smokers and non-smokers alike-- that nicotine addiction is primarily physical, and thus almost impossible to overcome. For this reason, smokers believe it's incredibly difficult to quit, and this fact alone is what makes it so difficult. To quit, the smoker should completely eliminate nicotine from the body, effectively surviving the physical withdrawal, and in the process eliminating the source of the withdrawal. From that point on, the struggle is only psychological, and if the quitter can get used to performing his normal activities and being around his regular peers without smoking, he'll be successful. After having quit for awhile, the ex-smoker will realize that the habit never brought pleasure or relaxation, as this article states; on the contrary, smokers smoke to get back to the place they were before they started. You start smoking to fit in or because you think it will relax you, you get hooked, it makes you feel more stressed by creating withdrawal, and there are only 2 ways to relieve that withdrawal-- smoke a cigarette OR go 3 days without one. Which SEEMS easier?
Where I'm receiving my education (in the US), the term "epinephrine" is used to the total exclusion of the use of "adrenaline." I assume the usage is different in different parts of the world. I was going to make a note that adrenaline is also known as epinephrine in the article, but that got me curious if there is any preferred or standardized usage for these on Wikipedia.-- Jfurr1981 18:38, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
Every country in the world except the US calls epinephrine adrenaline, and as a metaphor adrenaline is more popular even within the US. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenaline#Terminology
I did some internet surfing on nicotine, and discovered that the melting point mentioned mostly was - 79 deg C, versus the 7.9 deg which is stated here. Can somebodye confirm this? Pieter1 22:56, 19 December 2005 (UTC)
Good catch. MP of S(-) Nicotine (free base) is -79°C. The bitartate is 90°C, and the salicylate is 119°C.
rmosler 15:00, 7 March 2006 (UTC)
Do the patch and gum manufacturers extract it from tobacco or use some other method? Aaron McDaid 15:35, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
Good question. Anyone got an answer? And does a lot of tobacco now on the market have reduced nicotine content? Laurel Bush 16:24, 30 January 2007 (UTC).
Also, is the nicotine used in patches and gum being purchased from cigarette manufacturers? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.196.21.79 ( talk) 15:42:30, August 19, 2007 (UTC)
"...while the likelihood of birth defects caused by nicotine is believed to be very small or nonexistent..."
Is there a citation available for that? If not, I think it should be removed.
66.68.34.110 13:35, 7 February 2007 (UTC) This article, while accurate in the facts that it does present, is obviously part of a crusade (my guess; it's an American author as well.) There could be a little more balance. Starting off with the first paragraph equating nicotine to one of the strongest toxins known to man is meant to be inflammatory. Take for instance, the following true statement: "Some forms of fluoride are used in high concentrations to kill rats and crop-eating insects." Put down that cigar and tooth brush! 66.68.34.110 13:35, 7 February 2007 (UTC)
I'd just like to say I do not smoke tobacco and am not a supporter of it. At this point I came to this article after reading the article on Marijuana (which I stumbled on after reading the rec. drugs article)...It seems as though the Marijuana article was written by somebody pro marijuana (which, once again is cool I myself smoke cannibus) and it debunks several bullshit studies that were done mainly by the government to give marijuana a bad rap. Now, we get to this article and it seems as though:
A. Whoever wrote this was very anti Nicotine or B. Nicotine is as dangerous as Cocaine and Heroin.
I know nothing about nicotine because I have never smoked but i'm interested in learning the truth about one of the most abused drugs in America... KroneMeltzer 21:30, 2 July 2006 (UTC)
It could indeed turn out that maijuana smoke has the same carcinogenic effects as tobacco smoke. The trick would be to find the way to persuade the dope-addled anti-tobaccoists to stop smoking 20 joints a day, every day of the week.
Does nicotine really compose 0.3 to 5 percent of the dry weight of tobacco? 5 percent seems like a lot; I feel like that's supposed to be 0.3 to 0.5. Could be wrong though. Chachilongbow 14:34, 14 July 2006 (UTC)
Studies have shown that smoking tobacco inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO), an enzyme responsible for breaking down monoaminergic neurotransmitters such as dopamine, in the brain. <...>
This reaction is similar to that caused by cocaine and heroin and is another reason people keep smoking: to sustain high dopamine levels.
213.190.45.89 16:50, 13 August 2006 (UTC)
Sorry, but I just read this article again, and I too am puzzled by the mixed up message of the paragraph questioned here: In addition, nicotine increases dopamine levels in the reward circuits of the brain. Studies have shown that smoking tobacco inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO), an enzyme responsible for breaking down monoaminergic neurotransmitters such as dopamine, in the brain. It is currently believed that nicotine by itself does not inhibit the production of monoamine oxidase (MAO), but that other ingredients in inhaled tobacco smoke are believed to be responsible for this activity. In this way, it generates feelings of pleasure, similar to that caused by cocaine and heroin, thus causing the addiction associated with the need to sustain high dopamine levels.
So "nicotine increases dopamine levels". Yet, "nicotine by itself does not inhibit the production of MAO" (which reduces dopamine, wherefore inhibiting it would increase dopamine.) So this paragraph says something about how inhaled tobacco smoke increases dopamine, but does not explain whether nicotine by itself does so, and how. This article is about nicotine, not tobacco, right?
Given that nicotine gum is useful for quitting tobacco, I suppose nicotine by itself must also increase dopamine, which is the cause for the addiction. But I am not sure, and it is contrary to what the paragraph states. Someone knowledgeable should clear this up.
This really needs to be fixed, I think. -- Lasse Hillerøe Petersen 20:47, 21 March 2007 (UTC)
Harmala alkaloids found in Nicotianas are responsible for the inhibition of monoamine oxidase. ( Link) 68.103.233.87 19:26, 20 July 2007 (UTC)
Yes. Tobacco itself, smoked or whatever, inhibits MAOI, due to the aforementioned harmala alkaloids in the plant. NICOTINE, does NOT inhibit MAO -- however, it increases dopamine by another mechanism, downstream of the stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Tobacco provides both mechanisms. There are some studies (easily googled) indicating that reinforcement from nicotine becomes much stronger when combined with MAO inhibition.
-- Solved Your Problem —Preceding
unsigned comment added by
69.250.105.237 (
talk) 02:35, 15 September 2007 (UTC)
Was looking for the half-life of nicotine in the bloodstream; which I'd've thought was a fairly standard pharmacokinetic figure. Anyone got one?
Confuseddave 15:58, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
According to me goverment must do something to prevent smoking and other form of tobaco. i just can't understand if is injurious to health than why goverment allow it?
Plz write something about nicotine sedative effect. I found some sources, but my poor English and lack of medical education prevent me from editing the article ^_^
81.222.33.83 13:37, 27 April 2007 (UTC)sindzy
there should be a category linking all 2,000 + chemicals in cigarette smoke.
if you look at certain studies, you'll see that schizos smoke for one of the other of the 2000+ chemicals in cigarette smoke to self-medicate... not usually nicotine.
I am not a student or specialist in the field of biochemistry and I am therefore hoping that some of you clever people could answer an interesting question I have. I have noted in some of my female friends who smoke periodically that they display extreme levels of aggression a day to three days after smoking. one in particular is severe. I have done a little homework and I have found that androstenedione is related to female aggresion and that both nicotine and cotinine have an effect on its production. Since I am not qualified, many of the documents I have read are not always easy for me to understand. Also I am not medically qualified to perform trials or studies on volunteers in this regard. Thus if there is anyone who could explain in English or do an experiment of this nature and satiate my curiosity I would be most grateful. 196.208.3.181 19:39, 5 September 2007 (UTC)
Is there a working method to separate nicotine from tobacco , since tobacco contains only 5% nicotine, in order to obtain pure nicotine ( in it's dry form ) ? Thanks 59.183.128.1 19:51, 15 September 2007 (UTC)
This article hardly talks about the fact that nicotine exposure contributes to a number of serious diseases other than cancer. There have been numerous studies linking nicotine to CVD. For example, it is recommended that anyone who has smoked 100 cigarettes in life should be screened for aneurysm irrespective of presence of other risk factors. But this a article hardly discusses these aspects. There is a much stronger focus on benefits of smoking. Can someone please explain why? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.91.121.115 ( talk) 04:43, 6 October 2007 (UTC)
I've read that the effects of large doses of nicotine include vomiting, paralysis, and trembling. Is this just from eating tobacco leaves? Can this dosage be achieved through smoking? I was surprised not to read anything about it in this article. Indeterminate ( talk) 03:16, 8 December 2007 (UTC)
I removed the following two sentences:
"A plausible mechanism of action in these cases may be the effect of nicotine, a cholinergic receptor agonist, in decreasing the levels of acetylcholine in the smoker's brain; Parkinson's disease occurs when the effect of dopamine is less than that of acetylcholine."
The neurological explanation for the phenomenon seems like BS. Assuming nicotine is a receptor agonist, then it should bind to the chloinergic receptor and mimick the effects of acetylchloine. This binding should allow more ACH to float free and thus increase the concentration of ACH (acetylchloine) in the brain.
Also, the second sentence is nonsense. "Parkinson's disease occurs when the effect of dopamine is less than that of acetylcholine." ... the effect of dopamine on what?? is less than half that of actylchloine on what? where in the brain?... probably an oversimplification of a more complex idea.
Runninglate ( talk) 06:52, 25 January 2008 (UTC)
There seem to be two common uses of the word "neurotoxin":
Please clarify. To my non-professional knowledge, nicotine is not a powerful neurotoxin in sense 1.
Suboptimal Username ( talk) 22:22, 24 February 2008 (UTC)
This needs clearification. --12:05, 11 April 2008 (UTC)
Apparently, Tanya was here. Not for long. AlexRochon ( talk) 21:54, 30 April 2008 (UTC)
Looking at http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/Factsheets/health_effects.htm, it would appear that
would have information on the links to circulatory disease. 74.126.10.211 ( talk) 04:48, 15 May 2008 (UTC)
i suggeest we expand notes on the halflife of nicotine, what does this do to the substance? how does it change exactly, are any properties different? am i completely wrong in my questioning and there is just less of it? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.187.112.51 ( talk) 04:10, 23 January 2008 (UTC)
-- 91.154.52.137 ( talk) 16:09, 2 April 2008 (UTC)
I take issue with the reference supporting this particular statement: it comes from a rabidly pro-smoking site called forces.org, and the large majority of the studies it cites have a sample population of less than 200; the only large one, with close to 4000, has no controls, and was based on questionnaires. Since the compiler is obviously biased, one can't rely on her to have considered studies and reports that don't support her conclusion, which is, in fact, what she did not do. No less importantly, almost all the studies are rather old, done between the 60's and 80's. But I am not going to remove these references, as I don't want to get into a paste-cut war with the true believer who put them in there. I will point to four very recent articles citing studies with relatively large samples that disprove the conclusions of . Lavidia ( talk) 21:07, 1 July 2008 (UTC)
Should Snus be a reason to add a new intake route, as it is not really smoked, insufflated nor chewed, rather absorbed though skin. Should an additional route "absorbed" be added? ( Johan8x ( talk) 23:37, 16 March 2009 (UTC))
I'm trying to compell sources to the paragraph
History and name, and therefore asks the above question (especially regarding the second one): Jack E. Henningfield; Mitch Zeller (2006).
""Nicotine psychopharmacology", research contributions to United States and global tobacco regulation: A look back and a look forward" (PDF). 184 (3–4): 286–291.
doi:
10.1007/s00213-006-0308-4. {{
cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires |journal=
(
help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)
and
http://medicolegal.tripod.com/toxicchemicals.htm Comptes rendus, 1903, 137, p 860
Gsmgm ( talk) 09:29, 29 May 2009 (UTC)
Nicotine interacts with many other drugs that are used medicinally or otherwise. For instance, the following study is about its interactions with citalopram and reboxetine. (Andreasen JT, Redrobe JP. Nicotine, but not mecamylamine, enhances antidepressant-like effects of citalopram and reboxetine in the mouse forced swim and tail suspension tests. Behav Brain Res. 2008 Aug 22. PMID: 18786574). Holt's book "Food and Drug Interactions" also lists many drug-drug interactions for nicotine. Fuzzform ( talk) 22:06, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
-- Admrilbubba ( talk) 09:27, 24 September 2009 (UTC)The mention of individuals with schizophrenia smoking for the nicotine benefit is true but an incomplete. As a supervisor for a program in a mental heath agency who’s goal was to put mental health clients to work,then on to living as independently as they could. Our behavioral plans usually included a goal to cut back in their smoking. We did recognize the chemical elements,mostly nicotine were a therapeutic agent. One aspect was the pharmacological benefits, the mixture of their daily medication with the chemicals,most of which was nicotine helped calmed the symptoms of their disease. The other part smoking played was the passing of time in a boring world. Many prior to a work program sat for hours watching TV, staring out a window watching the grass grow. The Cigarette puts something in their hand that required action and reaction from the individual. The nicotine helped them mellow out,it was self-medication. There was a drastic drop in how much nicotine they consumed after going to work. At work the amount time they could smoke was a very limited. In the first week we did note behavior flexing and with passing of time, even that seem to disappear.To further substantiate the link of nicotine and schizophrenia as a therapeutic agent, note a comparison of Developmentally Disabled and those with schizophrenia . This was the two primary groups we worked with and they are the two major groups out of which come many subset groups. The ‘DD’ seldom smoke were as the schizophrenia clients did. I was amazed at the DD folks who also had schizophrenia did smoke,and those who had some other mental health issues did so as well. From that observation I stand with what I believe to be the truth Nicotine is an aid for the relief of the schizophrenia symptoms and is also a calming agent giving aid for hours Rev.Cantrell,B 24 Sept 09 0530hr
Would this article be a good place to mention 'Liquid Smoking' a cigarette replacement drink. It would be interesting to know what herb it is based on. Several articles say it contains 15% nicotine. I don't think so! http://news.google.co.uk/nwshp?hl=en&tab=wn&ncl=1262995256&topic=m 78.146.120.145 ( talk) 19:18, 27 October 2008 (UTC)
Someone please verify (because I am no chemistry expert) the sphere model for nicotine that is shown in the right hand side portal. The line drawing suggests that hydrogen atom is coming out of the paper which means that the pentagon ring should point away from screen in the sphere model that is shown. a 14:37, 1 January 2010 (UTC)
Why isn't nicotine on the DEA schedule? Couldn't one make a case against the government, that by failing to include nicotine in the list it makes them liable? Or maybe one could argue that because nicotine is not on the list drug x, y, and z should also not be on the list. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.214.11.170 ( talk) 17:49, 5 April 2008 (UTC)
The question to me is Is there a Wikipedia article which in any sense answers the question Why isn't nicotine on the DEA schedule??
Laurel Bush (
talk) 11:26, 2 February 2010 (UTC)
Following this book (pag 115) nicotine has been isolated first time in 1807 by Gaspare Cerioli and in 1809 by Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin, twenty years before Posselt and Reimann. -- 150.146.18.34 ( talk) 15:32, 11 January 2011 (UTC)
Please see the link to this study: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0004849 this study provides strong evidence that nicotine causes upregulation of the FOXM1 gene, which is linked to cell mutation. Overexpression of FOXM1 is associated with many forms of cancer, and the study specifically demonstrates the upexpression of FOXM1 in cancerous and precancerous oral tissues, while also reproducibly demonstrating nicotine's upexpression of FOXM1. An editor must provide a sentence discussing this finding on the nicotine page. I have been considering switching to electronic cigarettes and had relied on the wiki page and its assertions that nicotine has not been found carcinogenic! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.191.228.189 ( talk) 02:48, 28 August 2009 (UTC)
The primary source indicating nicotine's mutagenicity no longer exists. I rather hoped to find out just how dangerous nicotine alone is, but unsourced information might as well originate from an acid trip. Can anyone find a new source? 71.96.225.98 ( talk) 17:55, 29 May 2011 (UTC)
This statement: "Due to an increase in reward pathway sensitivity, nicotine withdrawal is relatively mild compared to alcohol or heroin withdrawal." in the Dependence and withdrawal section seems to contradict other topics in the article. Also I cant find any source that refers to nicotine withdrawal as "mild", "relatively" or otherwise. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Amzran ( talk • contribs) 20:51, 6 January 2010 (UTC)
This entire section is very poorly written. Certain sentences are entirely nonsensical. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.114.204.217 ( talk) 08:42, 16 June 2011 (UTC)
In the Further Reading section of the article, there was a reference to an article by a freelance science journalist that cites studies but largely ignores the issue of sample populations and methods used. As with the Alzheimer's studies pointed above, the few ones she cites have very small sample populations. Also, she focuses on ADHD, but goes on to gloss over studies about other diseases that could be treated with nicotine. A link in the same section,to a Guardian article on nicotine therapy, was dead, so I removed it. Lavidia ( talk) 21:17, 1 July 2008 (UTC) [User:Admrilbubba|Admrilbubba]] ( talk) 09:27, 24 September 2009 (UTC)The mention of individuals with schizophrenia smoking for the nicotine benefit is true but an incomplete. As a supervisor for a program in a mental heath agency who’s goal was to help mental health clients obtain employment,then go on to living as independently as they able. Our behavioral plans usually included a goal to cut back in their smoking. We did recognize the chemical elements,mostly nicotine was a therapeutic agent. One aspect was the pharmacological benefits, the mixture of their daily medication with the chemicals,most of which was nicotine helped calmed the symptoms of their disease. The other part smoking played was the passing of time in a boring world. Many prior to a work program sat for hours watching TV, staring out a window watching the grass grow. The Cigarette put something in their hand that required action and reaction from the individual. The nicotine helped them mellow out,it was self-medication. We noticed a drastic drop in how much nicotine they consumed after going to work. At work the amount of time they could smoke was a very limited and they were using their hands and minds on a matter other than boredom from watching grass grow. In the first week we did note behavior flexing but with passing of time, that element lessened and sometimes disappeared.To further substantiate the link of nicotine and schizophrenia as a therapeutic agent, I noticed a comparison of Developmentally Disabled and those with Mental Illness; and the subset,those who have schizophrenia. These two major groups 'MI" and 'DD' are the primary groups we worked with, of which are many subset groups. The ‘DD’ seldom smoke, were as the majority of schizophrenia clients did smoke. I was amazed to realize the majority of DD folks who also had schizophrenia smoked as well. I also realized a majority who had some other subset mental health issues smoked as well. These observations have taught me to agree with the author believing the reality of Nicotine is an aid for the relief of the schizophrenia symptoms and is also a calming agent giving aid for hours.True too is the action of self medication. Rev.Cantrell,B 24 Sept 09 0530hr.
added a citation to the original scientific publication relating to reduced risk of kaposis sarcoma as to provide better context than the associated press interview, put the section on BRCA gene breast cancer risk on a new paragraphso as to seperate it form the kaposis sarcoma section,and added that kaposis sarcoma is HIV related, this may not have been obvious to people with limited medical knowledge. Jimmy joe joeseph ( talk) 15:30, 17 October 2010 (UTC)
One aspect of the schizophrenia/nicotine self-medication comments in the article is a complete absence of reference to smoking levels in other psychiatric groups, but especially to that of patients with depression. It's reasonably well known that rates of smoking are higher in patients with depression and depressive episodes, too. While this likely constitutes OR, I can't help but remark that depression is a large part of the clinical picture of the progression of schizophrenia; it's possible that the prominent negative symptoms of schizophrenia might masquerade as depressive symptoms, I don't know. I believe, though don't know off the top of my head, that smoking rates are higher in many psychiatric populations. My experience is largely as a patient with chronic depression, as a part of schizo-affective disorder, so that's where my familiarity lies. The above commenter seems to suggest that part of the increased smoking rates may be explained by boredom (nicotine is known to increase one's ability to attend to long, boring tasks), but I'm skeptical of such folksy explanations. I would like some documentation before such a claim finds its way into the article. I would like to see this aspect of the article expanded to include both nicotine and smoking's relationship to depressed populations (in addition to ADHD, Parkinson's, etc.), and also to include its relevance to psychiatric populations as a whole. Alas, I hope somebody else is willing. I am not. Apophenian Alchemy ( talk) 13:26, 9 July 2011 (UTC)
The text reads: its vapors will combust at 308 K (35 °C; 95 °F) in air despite a low vapor pressure.
Nicotine's MSDS on erowid.org gives a Flash point of 95°C and Auto-ignition temperature: 240°C.
Someone should maybe verify all the data?
81.165.78.108 (
talk) 17:43, 30 August 2011 (UTC)
Nicotine smokeless filters, are they harmful? I called smoke assist, and confirmed they sell two types of filter; one that contain 21mg of nicotine, and another has zero.
I am concerned that the nicotine filter may harm my family through the vapor that is released.
Will 2nd hand vapors vapors harm my children.
I appreciate all the volunteer whom help wikipedia provide impportant information to the public. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.73.24.215 ( talk) 19:12, 14 September 2011 (UTC)
There seems to be a strong contradiction regarding the addictivity of nicotine.
In the section "Psychoactive effects" it is stated that
"Technically, nicotine is not significantly addictive, as nicotine administered alone does not produce significant reinforcing properties.[44]"
while in the withdrawal section it is claimed that
"In many studies [nicotine] has been shown to be more addictive than cocaine and heroin.[49][50][51]"
This issue should be resolved, since they are total in opposition of each other. The latter statement is backed up by primarily New York Times articles, which are more about the general addiction of smoking, then nicotine in particular. Furthermore, are NYT articles "scientifical" enough for using it as a reference, regarding the strict psychoactive and addictive properties of nicotine? Latrocinia ( talk) 22:26, 18 September 2011 (UTC)
Looks like this page was written by a tobacco corporation. G Fawkes. -- 201.230.85.196 ( talk) 16:45, 19 October 2011 (UTC)
I agree, is nicotine addictive or not?
New Help for Smokers An anti-nicotine vaccine is moving closer to regulatory approval By Jeneen Interlandi Scientific American September 6, 2011
99.181.147.68 ( talk) 06:13, 4 January 2012 (UTC)
In the introduction it says that nicotine is used as a pesticide. Reference [4] from the Denver master Gardener website says that it is nicotine sulfate which is used as a pesticide. Are these two chemicals synonymous, or should this be changed? Prymal ( talk) 03:05, 8 March 2012 (UTC)
No such information is present in the article? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.173.129.194 ( talk) 13:46, 28 September 2012 (UTC)
How come there is no content about nicotine health effects? In most drugs there is thorough information. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:2F06:423:F004:0:0:567E:6229 ( talk) 21:02, 25 July 2012 (UTC)
Response - Look at it this way; if you drink coffee, the main stimulant is Caffeine. It is strange, but somehow coffee and tobacco produce the same health effects. However, smoking tobacco products can cause various types of cancer and health disease. Not to mention the negative "cardiac" consequences that both Caffine and Nicotine can affect the human body. Personally, this is what I think. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.173.129.194 ( talk) 13:51, 28 September 2012 (UTC)
I'll try and be brief and apologize in advance for any formatting mistakes as this is my first post of any kind in the Wikipedia system. I was sent to this article and while I was reading, specifically in the second paragraph of the "Dependence and Withdrawal" section, I noticed the following:
" Like other physically addictive drugs, nicotine withdrawal causes down-regulation of the production of dopamine and other stimulatory neurotransmitters as the brain attempts to compensate for artificial stimulation. As dopamine regulates the sensitivity of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors decreases. To compensate for this compensatory mechanism, the brain in turn upregulates the number of receptors, convoluting its regulatory effects with compensatory mechanisms meant to counteract other compensatory mechanisms "
This may or may not be accurate as I am not an expert on nicotine. However, this passage is worded poorly enough that I felt the need to point it out so that someone might make it clearer. The second sentence is either a fragment or the verb tense for the word decrease might be incorrect, I'm not sure which; the opening to the sentence that follows is redundant enough that I had to read it several times. Compensatory is used three times, and compensate also used once; upregulates and regulatory are both used, and the word mechanism or its plural are used three times. I do not feel qualified to make any edits because I may be misunderstanding the passage in advance.
Please take the time to address this, as I likely will not personally do so. I hope that the passage may ultimately be improved so as to be more understandable and in line with the quality that as a more-or-less average user, I tend to expect from Wikipedia.
Ethertonm ( talk) 02:19, 27 November 2012 (UTC)
Agreed. That section desperately needs a clarifying rewrite. I came to the talk section to see if anybody was working to "un-obfuscate" it. Anybody?
I too found the passage poorly worded. I'm surprised no one has fixed it yet.
This seems to be more anti-smoking propaganda than actual side-effects of nicotine. It lists only negative effects (and extremes, at that -- I don't know of anyone having diarrhea from smoking), without giving so much as a nod to neutral or positive effects of nicotine. (Also, joint pain? Abnormal dreams? This entire poster is obviously anti-smoking propaganda; should find a more reliable source -- erowid?) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.197.245.107 ( talk) 20:44, 8 March 2012 (UTC)
I have removed the text that suggestd that OCD is an acronym for "over the counter disease". 114.76.75.113 ( talk) 04:06, 22 December 2012 (UTC)
i want to understand how it works, but there are many for me unknown words in the biosynthesis part. Help spreading knowledge for us who don't know by linking more to relevant articles! :) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.90.246.194 ( talk) 00:34, 22 January 2013 (UTC)
Nicorette and Nicotrol are not trade names for nicotine, but brands for nicotine delivery devices. Chemical Engineer ( talk) 18:07, 26 January 2013 (UTC)
"Therapeutic uses
The primary therapeutic use of nicotine is in treating nicotine dependence in order to eliminate smoking with the damage it does to health. Controlled levels of nicotine are given to patients through gums, dermal patches, lozenges, electronic/substitute cigarettes or nasal sprays in an effort to wean them off their dependence."
This is wrong. Electronic cigarettes are not, never have been or ever will be a means to wean off nicotine. They are an alternative nicotine delivery method NOT a cure like gums and patches are supposed to be. Please correct the inaccuracy. 31.52.170.164 ( talk) 17:59, 31 January 2013 (UTC)
this section has no sources, and makes big claims (in my opinion strongly biased).someone please improve this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.164.127.140 ( talk) 20:55, 3 April 2008 (UTC)
This section claims that the nicotine's psychoactive profile varies from stimulating to sedative with the increasing dosage. However, this source [1] is cited on Tobacco Smoking, which claims the opposite.
Also, it appears that the such claims made in "Psychoactive effects" section on Nicotine are devoid of any sources.-- Igorhb ( talk) 22:53, 23 September 2012 (UTC)
Also, why is there a statement in this section indicating that nicotine is not addictive? If there is some argument about addictive property of nicotine shouldn't it go in the addiction section? — Preceding
unsigned comment added by
74.141.194.225 (
talk) 23:00, 31 January 2013 (UTC)
I'm trying to understand whether it's appropriate to credit Richard Wolffenstein (chemist) as a co-discoverer of the structure of nicotine, which seems to have been asserted in an anonymous edit on 31 October 2010 (which also corrected some vandalism). I just went ahead and added a citation to the 1891 paper they co-authored, "Ueber Nicotin", which I think is the source of the attribution. However, as far as I can tell (with my very limited knowledge of German and organic chemistry), this paper does not describe the chemical structure of nicotine but rather is "On the action of benzoyl chloride on nicotine" ("Ueber die Einwirkung von Benzoylchlorid auf Nicotin"). Likewise, the obituary in German linked to from the Wolffenstein article does not seem to mention anything about Wolffenstein's work on nicotine. And note that this article about Adolf Pinner (written by a descendent) gives two older sources (including the 11th Edition of Encylopedia Britannica, 1910) which attribute credit for deducing the structure of nicotine solely to Pinner. Can anyone with a better knowledge of German and/or chemistry chime in? Noamz ( talk) 14:55, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
I think it's absurd to emphasize cases where it might help with asthma attacks and ignore all the cases where it triggers the damn things. 173.66.211.53 ( talk) 22:29, 29 March 2013 (UTC)
I'm not expert in this area, so can't comment on the veracity of the claims. However, in section 'Dependence and withdrawal', the last paragraph clearly refers to anecdotal evidence.
If the evidence is anecdotal, then does it really belong in an encylopaedia? Suggest further citations should be given, or the section appropriately re-worded. 94.192.143.58 ( talk) 14:50, 29 April 2013 (UTC)
"and can stimulate abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, similar to that seen in atherosclerosis.[59]"
I just read all of reference 59. The entire paper is here: https://www.mcdb.ucla.edu/VBTG/Review_Tontonoz.pdf
There is no mention of "nicotine" anywhere in that paper, nor any evidence offered to substantiate the above quoted statement. I will be removing that statement and the reference from the article. I hope this seemingly made-up reference isn't an indication of significant bias in the rest of the "Nicotine" article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.71.30.231 ( talk) 01:34, 20 May 2013 (UTC)
Nicotine isn't highly addicting when it's administered by itself.
Studies have shown that the other alkaloids in Tobacco are Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Nicotine is primarily metabolized by MAO and due to the other alkaloids in Tobacco causing the inhibition of these enzymes - that results in much higher plasma levels of Nicotine for a much longer period of time. This allows Nicotine to have a much broader and more significant effect on nACh. This, in turn, causes a much higher likelihood of addiction to Nicotine and the other alkaloids in Tobacco.
These Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors are likely to be addicting in their own right and may explain the reason why Nicotine replacement therapies do not satisfy all cravings when it is used instead of Tobacco.
It has also, recently, been reveal that nicotine does not activate the α7 nACh receptor channel to the same extent when co-applied with menthol. Similar findings have also been reported for α4β2 nACh receptors within the α7 nACh receptor has been suggested to contribute to menthol binding, thus increasing the likelihood of addiction to Nicotine.
I personally believe that it should be stated in the article that Nicotine is much more addictive when found in Tobacco, due to the other alkaloids that are also grown in the Tobacco plants. Therefore, I also believe that the dependence liability should be changed to Moderate.
This article is about Nicotine specifically. I believe it's inappropriate to have the dependence liability of Nicotine include the increased addiction potential caused by the other alkaloids in Tobacco. The dependence liability should only be for when Nicotine is coexisting alone in the body.
I would have done this, however, I believe it would have caused an "uproar". I have the sources, but I wanted to receive user feedback on the matter, before I made the change.
I've read this more than once in the past year on many different studies about Nicotine. I am actively searching for those studies again, however, here's what I retrieved to far. — Preceding unsigned comment added by SwampFox556 ( talk • contribs) 00:46, 10 August 2013 (UTC)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23919443 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23898298
SwampFox556 ( talk) 00:40, 10 August 2013 (UTC)
with a growing market for both nicotine based smoking cessation products and smoking alternatives that contain nicotine such as e-ciggaretts, can we have some data on production of nicotine for these pathways? Is it extracted from tobacco, or synthesized? What country leads production of this form (not sure what the word is:stand alone? pharmaceutical?) of nicotine? 172.7.164.50 ( talk) 22:27, 22 August 2013 (UTC)Sandy
In the Toxicology section appears: "However the widely used human LD50 estimate of 0.5–1.0 mg/kg has been questioned in light of several documented cases of humans surviving much higher doses." This line seems like it was inserted by the author of the reference, and I have some problems with the reference cited. First of all, the author does not seem to understand what LD50 means. Of course people will survive perhaps much larger doses than the LD50. Otherwise it would not be the LD50! Much of the article focuses on cases of ingestion, which for large doses will certainly cause vomiting, where it is then very difficult to determine the actual amount absorbed. 65.190.181.5 ( talk) 18:31, 10 October 2013 (UTC)
today User:DarkGhost909, in these difs, changed the text from (note, I am changing ref tags to make this readable here): "Like other physically addictive drugs, nicotine withdrawal causes downregulation of the production of dopamine and other stimulatory neurotransmitters as the brain attempts to compensate for artificial stimulation" to: "Nicotine addiction is purely psychological and not physical(ref) /info/en/?search=Physical_dependence(/ref)" with an edit note saying: "At the Physical Dependence page, it says only certain sedatives, such as Alcohol and Heroin are physically addictive. Nicotine is a stimulant and isn't listed there.)"
I reverted in this dif with edit note: "wikipedia is not a reliable source, sorry! it is a good thing to question - will add "citation needed" tag in next edit". I did add the tag. I don't have time to research this now, but it should be done, and this article and the physical dependence article should be brought into line. Jytdog ( talk) 19:19, 12 November 2013 (UTC)
The nicotine biosynthesis scheme has an incorrect structure for quinolinic acid. It would be great if whoever created the original file could update it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.203.70.137 ( talk) 03:45, 12 February 2014 (UTC)
:==In media==
I am new at WIKI. Could somebody update the data to nicotine toxicity?
Arch Toxicol (2014) 88:5–7
DOI 10.1007/s00204-013-1127-0
How much nicotine kills a human? Tracing back the generally
accepted lethal dose to dubious self‑experiments
in the nineteenth century
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00204-013-1127-0#page-1
New oral lethal dose: 500 - 1000 mg, or 0.5-1.0 grams (instead of 30-60mg)
Thank you all. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.49.35.222 ( talk) 16:36, 22 March 2014 (UTC)
The toxicology section has a line that reads: research over the last decade has identified nicotine's carcinogenic potential in animal models and cell culture.[68][69]. The 1st study never specifically says nicotine demonstrates carcinogenic activity, and instead refers to tobacco smoke (in which case it's quite a jump to assume that it's not referring to the known carcinogens in tobacco smoke). The second study mentions possible carcinogenic vectors in the GI tract, but even then it's extremely preliminary and is a single study. That line reads as if there's a lot more evidence suggesting this claim than there actually is. I think it's prudent to revise the line to convey that it is a single study, and emphasize that as it was only in cell cultures, one cannot assume the same activity can be extrapolated to in-vivo. I would make the edits myself, but I feel it should be discussed first considering it's a fairly important sub-topic. LiamSP ( talk) 10:08, 14 April 2014 (UTC)
I did a pretty big reorganization today. this still needs a lot more work. the key things that need to be better knitted together are "health effects" related things. we have pharmacology, toxicology, and the whole big section (now called "health effects") that was wrongly under the Medical Use section. Need to think about how to better integrate all this so that the article hangs together more... Jytdog ( talk) 12:56, 27 May 2014 (UTC)
This:
does not reflect the facts and the "real world".
According "overdose due to dual use": FDA has started a Workshop related to: " Risks and Benefits of Long-Term Use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) Products" in 2010. There was an Public Hearing according FDA Actions Related to Nicotine Replacement Therapies and Smoking-Cessation Products; Report to Congress on Innovative Products and Treatments for Tobacco Dependence in 2012. During the process, the FDA stated " OTC NRTs (gum and lozenges) do not seem to pose a significant risk of misuse or abuse among adolescents. We don’t know how other formulations would be used.". Finally, the FDA has announced in 2013: " Nicotine Replacement Therapy Labels May Change. The FDA state:
even the "12-week-limit" is falling slightly:
In this light and because the fist sentence is allready marked with an "credibility-tag", the sentence should be deleted or (better) adjusted.
The second sentence is weird! I don't have access to the fulltext of "Lockhart: Nicotine poisoning (1933)" but recent findings (after 1933 ;) ) don't backup this claim. Example: Benowitz reported in 1987 on the case of a patient, who covered her skin with an nicotine diluent (400mg nicotine per ml) and survived it. He assumed: "skin may be a reservoir for slow release of nicotine into the circulation". In the review " Metabolism and Disposition Kinetics of Nicotine we are able to read:
Fig. 3 is showing, that after 1 h delay, nicotine from a nicotine patch (15mg to 21mg) is absorbed into the bloodstream with an rate of 5 mg per hour. Conflicting with " Fick's first law" the absorption rate of nicotine decreases, the higher the nicotine concentration is: The pure base (100% nicotine) is extremely slow absorbed with an rate of 82 µg/cm2 x h. This means: If you place pure nicotine on 10 cm2 skin, it will be absorbed with 0.8mg per hour (which basically corresponds to the absorbed nicotine of smoking a half cigarette).
Consistent: Like the first sentence, the second should be deleted or (better) adjusted.-- Merlin 1971 ( talk) 08:52, 3 June 2014 (UTC)
CAN ANYONE ADVISE ME ON THIS SUBJECT ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 107.214.21.210 ( talk) 20:12, 31 October 2014 (UTC)
"This is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject."
Why not?! It would be perfect and very much needed IMHO! [email protected] — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.114.128.7 ( talk) 21:41, 2 February 2015 (UTC)
See also: "addictivity of nicotine" below. Perhaps merge. There is a glaring contradiction in this article about if nicotine is addictive or not. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.239.45.4 ( talk) 21:35, 19 December 2011 (UTC)
smoking is a very deadly thing and you shouldn't ever start smoking.
Hello. I tried to argue against this point in the article but it was removed (poorly cited, ok I could have done better and biased/non-neutral, which I don't agree with as this suggests that any evidence to the contrary is unacceptable). There is a large body of evidence to support the idea that nicotine is not the addictive component of tobacco smoke (by the way, I don't smoke or support tobacco consumption, cigarettes are just as deadly whether or not nicotine is the reason they are addictive).
The point is, if there is another (or several) compound(s) that are the main cause then our research into nicotine to cure tobacco addiction is wrong and will therefore affect tobacco sales (increase them).
Most original papers that utilised nicotine used concentrations that were far too high compared to a cigarette puff or even an entire cigarette. Delivery methods did not remotely reflect smoking inhalation.
I don't want to be the champion of this cause but it is a major point that must be addressed in the article immediately.
This may sound ridiculous, but what about heightened levels of carbon monoxide/dioxide. Some effects of cigarettes seem to be synonymous with carbon monoxide poisoning.. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.67.84.120 ( talk) 01:30, 15 January 2011 (UTC)
This is out of my area of expertise, but I was able to find at least one scholarly article that supports the assertion that "Nicotine is the main addictive component of tobacco that motivates continued use despite the harmful effects." [2] - Callit ( talk) 18:28, 13 January 2014 (UTC)
The difficulty is that nicotine, all on it's own, is not as addictive as heroin. Cigarettes may be, but nicorette gum, which contains little else but nicotine is not. Take into account all the other NRT's, if nicotine itself was the sole cause of cigarette addiction, then why wouldn't NRT's have a nearly perfect success rate? Cigarettes don't taste good, they may have once, but now very few smokers actually want a cigarette. And yet, they try the NRT's and the NRT's fail, and they go back to the horrible tasting death stick. Other issues include the fact that tomatoes contain nicotine, and there's no epidemic of people sucking on ketchup bottles. I thinnk the reason is likely a matter of correlation error, cigarettes are addictive, cigarettes contain nicotine, so they decided that nicotine MUST be addictive. the test in this case would really be if they can remove all of the nicotine, and find that cigarettes are still addictive. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.149.28.113 ( talk) 11:42, 4 September 2014 (UTC)
The non-addictiveness of nictotine is well sourced on the german version of this article...sources 25-27... 79.102.215.252 ( talk) 21:39, 20 April 2015 (UTC)Jon O'
This actually kinda goes with the question under mine. Niacin (also called Nicotinic Acid according to Wikipedia), is both in Tobacco and it is a metabolite of nicotine according to my research. I also doubt the effects of nicotine as a stimulant.
I haven't been able to find anything personally, but from personal experience, when I smoke a cigarette and it's not well lit it seems to have more similar effect to Carbon Monoxide poisoning (reference wikipedia) than to a stimulant, but it also seems to have some effects similar to cleaning your system with Niacin.
my question is, does Nicotine take the place of the B3 vitamins (considering the term vitamin encompasses multiple chemicals), and it's "stimulant" effects come from over use (abuse) of what the vitamin does, and does this so called "addiction" just come from having lower vitamin levels than your body is used to because you've been taking Nicotine and it's been "supplementing" (building a tolerance) your vitamin intake to extremely high levels building a tolerance to this vitamin.
The chemical structure of niacin, also known as "nicotinic acid", is significantly different from nicotine, and its pharmacological effects bear little if any similarity to the effects of nicotine. Consequently, any discussion of niacin on this Wikipedia page is irrelevant. The niacin molecule resembles part of the nicotine molecule; it may possibly be a metabolite of nicotine, it may occur in the nicotine biosynthetic pathway, and historically it was obtained from nicotine by chemical degradation (see its Wikipedia page), which probably explains the name, but its relationship to nicotine is otherwise unimportant. Niacin is outside the scope of this article. Chemical names can often be misleading. Another substance found in tobacco, and also abundant in coffee, is called " chlorogenic acid", but it does not contain any chlorine atoms, and does not generate chlorine. Tachyon ( talk) 16:47, 15 December 2012 (UTC)
In the 'Chemistry' section of the main article it is claimed [69] that nicotine is oxidized by ultraviolet or other agents to form nicotinic acid or vitamin B3. Such it can be considered to be the B3 provitamin!! As politically incorrect as it sounds, I think Wikipedia should include this fact. [email protected] — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.114.128.7 ( talk) 21:34, 2 February 2015 (UTC)
Interesting, Seppi! Are you saying that the oxidizing of nicotine to niacin cannot be done inside and only outside the body? Are you sure, and if you are, have you got a URL for it? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Danleonida ( talk • contribs) 22:52, 20 April 2015 (UTC)
"Little research is available in humans but animal research suggests there is potential in Parkinson's disease. [4]" Doc James ( talk · contribs · email) 18:15, 28 April 2015 (UTC)
Much of this page has to do with Tobacco and smoking - not Nicotine. Many of the health effects listed are either not differentiated or not related to nicotine. I suggest that much of that information be moved to tobacco and smoking and a single link be left. More information about nicotine alone would be nice. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.245.153.165 ( talk) 21:32, 19 November 2010 (UTC)
I disagree. While it would be nice to have separate research on each, the simple fact is that tobacco is the number one delivery system for nicotine by a long shot. As a result, there is bound to be overlap and imprecision, but more than that, the bulk of studies relating to the effects of nicotine are likely going to be bound up in research covering its primary delivery vehicle. If you spot references or sections that are clearly unrelated to nicotine, by all means edit away. But I think removing data that comes from studies that relate to nicotine that is delivered via tobacco would impoverish the article to no good end. Now, if some of the information here is lacking from the corresponding tobacco related articles, by all means copy it to those articles; while gross duplication is generally to be avoided, some situations do not improve by a slavish adherence to this principle. I would argue this is such a situation. Apophenian Alchemy ( talk) 13:36, 9 July 2011 (UTC)
Large part of this article have to do with tobacco smoking and nothing to do with nicotine. Nicotine is a chemical and should be treated as such. 86.20.150.29 ( talk) 19:49, 10 December 2013 (UTC) " While it would be nice to have separate research on each, the simple fact is that tobacco is the number one delivery system for nicotine by a long shot." - E-cigarettes are exploding in popularity now, and I think this article is starting to look a little bit dated with the conflation of 'tobacco' and 'nicotine'. Many people will now be reading this page to find out about nicotine exclusively, with the references to the health effects of tobacco confusing the subject (and also being unnecessarily duplicated across wiki pages). I would advocate a massive change to this page. Worth considering that tobacco contains MAOIs, which are partially responsible for tobacco's addictive properties and psychological properties, and that a lot of the citations made for the effects of nicotine are actually for the effects of tobacco. Earfetish1 ( talk) 14:49, 16 March 2014 (UTC)
In the same respect that Cigarettes and cigars are the number one delivery system for nicotine, Wine and Beer are the number one delivery systems for alcohol. This doesn't mean that the alcohol article littered with references to these beverages. I came to this article trying to find information on nicotine, and instead I find it over run with information on smoking. There is literally no information/references on nicotine addiction that isn't related to smoke inhalation. All side effects of "nicotine" all reference cigarette smoke. Cigarettes should have it's own section on this page, but it shouldn't take over the page like it currently does. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 210.48.17.17 ( talk) 22:35, 18 August 2015 (UTC)
Much of the information on the role of nicotine as a carcinogen doesn't appear conclusive to me; while it may promote cell survival, proliferation and growth, these things aren't synonymous with mutagenisis. If we were to use those standards, then practically any growth factor you care to name would be carcinogenic. I'll accept that it may potentiate tumour growth, but I think there's a lot of confusion between the definite carcinogenic effects of tobacco smoke, which contains nicotine besides combustion products and a whole host of things, and the effects caused by nicotine itself. Nitrosamines derived from nicotine metabolism *are* carcinogenic, and that should probably be mentioned, but there is poor evidence that nicotine itself is. Arthur Swift ( talk) 13:29, 28 February 2014 (UTC)
The first section of this article currently states that nicotine *is* directly associated with cancer. I was unable to open the article which is used as a reference for this assertion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 154.20.28.205 ( talk) 16:27, 16 August 2015 (UTC)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just added archive links to one external link on
Nicotine. Please take a moment to review
my edit. If necessary, add {{
cbignore}}
after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add {{
nobots|deny=InternetArchiveBot}}
to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.
This message was posted before February 2018.
After February 2018, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by InternetArchiveBot. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than
regular verification using the archive tool instructions below. Editors
have permission to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the
RfC before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template {{
source check}}
(last update: 5 June 2024).
Cheers. — cyberbot II Talk to my owner:Online 01:44, 28 August 2015 (UTC)
The comment(s) below were originally left at Talk:Nicotine/Comments, and are posted here for posterity. Following several discussions in past years, these subpages are now deprecated. The comments may be irrelevant or outdated; if so, please feel free to remove this section.
Under the beneficial effects of nicotine it points to nicotine being shown to have protective effects against alzheimer's and parkinson's. As a biochemist and student doctor I am offended by the use of that particular epidemiological article to cite that statement. That study was later reviewed and junked because it showed that the protective effects were a result of the nicotine exposed individuals NOT LIVING AS LONG as those who did develop those diseases and/or dying of something else agonized by tobacco. I am a smoker, but first I am a scientist, and that statement should be removed. The nicotine page appears to combine, and perhaps confound, nicotine and tobacco. I suggest someone with appropriate credentials re-write the article and concentrate only on nicotine the chemical. Amerophile ( talk) 18:37, 12 May 2015 (UTC)Amerophile |
Last edited at 18:38, 12 May 2015 (UTC). Substituted at 15:28, 1 May 2016 (UTC)
I find it strange that the section for Reinforcement disorders states:
Nicotine is highly addictive,[52][53] comparable to heroin or cocaine.[10]
when the page for [ oxidase inhibitor] has the section of Drug Interactions stating:
Nicotine, a substance frequently implicated in tobacco addiction, has been shown to have "relatively weak" addictive properties when administered alone.[31] The addictive potential increases dramatically after co-administration of an MAOI, which specifically causes sensitization of the locomotor response in rats, a measure of addictive potential.[32][33] This may be reflected in the difficulty of smoking cessation, as tobacco contains naturally-occurring MAOI compounds in addition to the nicotine.[34][35][36]
Can I propose an edit to the section for nicotine to include this relevant MAOI information? Stating that "nicotine is highly addictive" is wrong according to the MAOI page. The distinction between just nicotine and nicotine + MAOI's is not apparent here and nicotine by itself should not be specifically associated with cigarette or tobacco smoking addiction potentials when there is information that states otherwise. — Preceding
unsigned comment added by
104.3.69.189 (
talk •
contribs)
References
overdose
was invoked but never defined (see the
help page).{{
cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link)
Nicotine is the main psychoactive ingredient of tobacco and is responsible for the stimulant effects, reinforcement, dependence, and addiction that result from tobacco use. Cigarette smoking rapidly delivers pulses of nicotine into the bloodstream. Nicotine differs from cocaine and opiates in that it is powerfully reinforcing in the absence of subjective euphoria. The high incidence of carcinogenicity associated with long-term tobacco use is related to compounds other than nicotine that are either contained in tobacco or generated by its combustion.
The initial effects of nicotine are caused by its activation of nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptors. nACh receptors are ligand-gated cation channels (Chapters 6 and 9); in the CNS, they are located postsynaptically and also on presynaptic terminals, where they facilitate transmitter release. The reinforcing effects of nicotine, like those of other addictive drugs, depend on an intact mesolimbic dopamine system. nACh receptors located on VTA dopamine neurons are implicated in nicotine reinforcement. Systemic nicotine self-administration is disrupted when antagonists are administered directly into the VTA but not when they are administered into the NAc; moreover, nicotine is rewarding when injected directly into the VTA.
Receptors composed of α4β2 subunits are the most important for these actions, as knockout of either receptor abolishes nicotine reward. nACh receptors on VTA dopamine neurons are normally activated by cholinergic innervation from the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus or the pedunculopontine nucleus (Chapters 6 and 12). In addition, nicotine may stimulate dopamine release in the NAc through actions on presynaptic nACh receptors located on dopamine terminals within the NAc. Nicotine self-administration also can be blocked by opioid receptor antagonists such as naltrexone. These findings indicate the involvement of endogenous opioid systems in the reinforcing effects of nicotine, and raise the possibility that such antagonists may be of use in the treatment of nicotine addiction.
{{
cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)
@ ANTBU: I'm baffled by those repeated edits after I left a partial quote from the source in the first edit summary. Also you removed that content from the body but left it in the lead w/o source. That doesn't make sense. Maybe you could explain your rational? --TMCk ( talk) 22:27, 1 November 2015 (UTC)
Hi, I don't see anywhere in citation 67 that it states anything about an apparent euphoria. I've never heard of Nicotine causing euphoria, can anyone look into this?
What is the effects of smoking? How does smoking lead people to death? Vivek chhetri Rauniyar ( talk) 12:40, 18 February 2016 (UTC)
This edit [7] by QuackGuru ( talk · contribs) makes a specific assertion about nicotine from a paper on electronic cigarettes, which while containing nicotine, is about a topic that is tangential to the topic itself. Which in and of itself is rather problematic, when it is stated in Wikipedia's own voice. But gets even more problematic when we try to verify it against literature that is specific to the topic of nicotine.
The most authoritative work i can find on this, is the 2014 report from the Surgeon General The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General which has a specific chapter (5) reviewing nicotine [8]. And this authoritative report cannot verify this statement - in fact it contradicts the claims made in the e-cigarette paper.
The quote from the e-cigarette paper that QuackGuru uses to verify a sentence in Wikipedia's voice is:
That flies directly in the face of the Surgeon General report which states:
As for the specific statement about cardiovascular disease, the Surgeon General report specifies that there is not enough material to link cardiovascular disease directly to nicotine usage. Nicotine influences the cardiovascular system, but this influence diminishes to nothing by long-term exposure.
So we have a problem. Both with the sentence, and the cherry-picking of tangential papers to verify problematic content. -- Kim D. Petersen 17:28, 21 October 2015 (UTC)
User:Jytdog has violated the 3RR and I've reported them for doing so. They have undone every edit I've made to the article, mostly without explaining why, and with a spurious reason in the one case they gave one. Here's what I changed and why:
I don't think there's any good reason to undo even one of these changes and there was certainly no reason to undo them all. 81.36.240.108 ( talk) 10:17, 28 May 2016 (UTC)
Hi there. I'm glad you have decided to discuss it here rather than edit warring. FWIW I think that all of 81.36.240.108's changes could be considered improvements, although some of them should ideally be changed further, to make the meaning clear. I recommend that you build on these changes, rather than reverting them. Yaris678 ( talk) 10:44, 28 May 2016 (UTC)
"Nicotine is highly addictive" Reference 11 in this article, refer's to an article on E-cigarettes. This article then states "Nicotine is a highly addictive neurotoxin, proven as addictive as heroin and cocaine.18" However Reference 18 on that article refers to a study done in 1998 titled "Health Consequences of Smoking" which is an article on tobacco cigarette smoking and NOT on nicotine alone. This statement should be modified or removed until a relevant reference on nicotine (not cigarette smoking) can be sourced.— Preceding unsigned comment added by 210.48.17.123 ( talk • contribs) 23:10, 31 August 2016 (UTC)
Common foods containing nicotine are potatoes, tomatoes, eggplant, teas, peppers, capsicums, and cauliflower.<spam link removed>
The article currently states: "Nicotine also naturally occurs in smaller amounts in plants from the family Solanaceae (such as potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplant).[105]" I think it could be expanded to include the other common foods. "Teas, peppers, capsicums, and cauliflower" are missing from the article. QuackGuru ( talk) 04:16, 4 September 2016 (UTC)
In these difs i corrected the content about the safety of nicotine as a drug. Before the change, the content said that the chemical, nicotine, is safe. It said "It is widely held that nicotine itself poses little health risks, except among certain vulnerable groups." in the lead, based on the following content in the body: "According to a 2013 report by Cancer Research UK, "The accepted medical position is that while nicotine is highly addictive and comparable to drugs such as heroin or cocaine, it poses little health risks except in certain vulnerable groups". This is sourced to this CRUK 2013 report. The statement in that source on page 8 in turn references this source and this source, each by the Royal College of Physicians, and each of which discusses the safety of nicotine in regulated NRT products, when used as directed. As our article says and as the Nicotine poisoning article goes into in detail, as a chemical substance, nicotine has dose-dependent toxicity that becomes lethal at, well let's say 6.5–13 mg/kg. It is a recognized poison worldwide, and is used as an insecticide. My changes made it clear that the relative safety of nicotine that authorities agree on (and they do), is its use in NRTs, used as recommended. And it is quite safe in that context. Jytdog ( talk) 18:14, 14 March 2016 (UTC)
I removed the WP:OR. See Wikipedia:Reliable_sources/Noticeboard/Archive_205#Safety_of_Nicotine for the archived discussion. QuackGuru ( talk) 20:37, 18 August 2016 (UTC)
It looks like this new section is supported by mainly primary sources. Should MEDRS apply there? Sizeofint ( talk) 21:14, 31 May 2016 (UTC)
I am aware of WP:MEDRS. There you find the rule "Primary sources may be presented together with secondary sources." This has been done in the linked main article Gateway drug theory, which uses these secondary sources:
I have now also added a secondary source in the new section of this article. Please note that in subjects like this one secondary sources usually only present the general frame of subject and research but not the "state of the art", which has to be added by primary sources. This is why we have the rule "Primary sources may be presented together with secondary sources."
References
-- Saidmann ( talk) 11:11, 1 June 2016 (UTC)
User:Zvi Zig - do not read only the abstract (see WP:NOABSTRACT) - this is basic editing here in WP. The quote from PMID 27079891's conclusion is accurate. Jytdog ( talk) 22:46, 26 October 2016 (UTC)
"Studies of the pharmacology and toxicology of nicotine in animals and some epidemiologic studies in people support the biological plausibility that nicotine contributes to acute cardiovascular events in smokers with underlying CVD, and exerts pharmacologic effects that could contribute to accelerated atherogenesis. Short-term nicotine use, such as nicotine medication to aid smoking cessation, appears to pose little cardiovascular risk, even to patients with known CVD. Longer term nicotine use, such as in ST users, appears not accelerate atherogenesis (sic), but may contribute to acute cardiovascular events in the presence of CVD." [12]
Zvi Zig ( talk • contribs 08:16, 8 November 2016 (UTC)the summaryStudies of the pharmacology and toxicology of nicotine in animals and some epidemiologic studies in people support the biological plausibility that nicotine contributes to acute cardiovascular events in smokers with underlying CVD, and exerts pharmacologic effects that could contribute to accelerated atherogenesis. . . . Longer term nicotine use, such as in ST users, appears not accelerate atherogenesis
QuackGuru: "As I said, they do not reject the fact that there is a possible link with atherogenesis.
The part "Some studies in people show the possibility that nicotine contributes to acute cardiovascular events in smokers with established cardiovascular disease, and induces pharmacologic effects that might contribute to increased atherosclerosis.[49]" adds context. It has qualifiers that are faithful to the source such as "some" and "might".
Response: The atherogenesis issue is presented very misleadingly. In the Benowitz review, every possible pathway to atherogenesis is countered with serious obstacles. In addition, the conclusion immediately tempers the atherogenesis possibility with
Short-term nicotine use, such as nicotine medication to aid smoking cessation, appears to pose little cardiovascular risk, even to patients with known CVD. Longer term nicotine use, such as in ST users, appears not accelerate atherogenesis, but may contribute to acute cardiovascular events in the presence of CVD.
QuackGuru: "You added this context, but earlier in the WP:LEDE it says "Nicotine in the form of nicotine replacement products is less of a risk than smoking.[18]" That is adding duplication."
Response: Less risky doesn't necessarily indicate a lower cancer risk: smoking causes a range of diseases. I added the direct quote from the Surgeon General Report because "inadequate research to demonstrate" may be misleading in implying that limited research suggests a cancer risk. QuackGuru: "The 2016 review says "Given the unknown health effects of long-term nicotine use..." [14] This is a fact."
Response: It's certainly a fact that this is the ( WP:UNDUE) position of a 2016 review. However, this does not reflect WP:NPOV, as it contradicts the positions of many other reviews, including those of RCP, AHA, NICE and PHE. Zvi Zig ( talk • contribs 14:26, 10 November 2016 (UTC)
The text is neutrally written according to the source and the text being summarized is referring to nicotine. See "Psychostimulants and nicotine are the most widely abused drugs with a detrimental impact on public health globally." [17] The edit summary states in part that the source's aberrant supporting phrase apparently is referring to tobacco. QuackGuru ( talk) 23:01, 19 November 2016 (UTC)
The opening statement on adverse effects in the lead and the body is: The health effects of long-term nicotine use is unknown.
This is a WP:UNDUE statement contradicting WP:NPOV.
The Royal College of Physicians
Nicotine alone in the doses used by smokers represents little if any hazard to the user. [18]
The American Heart Association
There are some studies of prolonged nicotine replacement therapy. In these studies, no adverse effects have been found when nicotine medication was administered for months to several years. . . . Because most of the toxicity from cigarette smoking derives from combustion products, the health effects of smokeless tobacco could be examined to assess potential long-term adverse effects of nicotine without exposure to combustion products. Smokeless tobacco users take in as much nicotine as cigarette smokers, although not by the pulmonary route. The most extensive and rigorous epidemiological studies on smokeless tobacco use come from Scandinavia, where a large percentage of men use snus, a smokeless tobacco product that contains nicotine but relatively low levels of carcinogens and other toxins. [19]
These are pretty difficult to reconcile with the unhindered declaration in WP. Zvi Zig ( talk • contribs 12:24, 20 November 2016 (UTC)
TerpeneOtto ( talk) 19:09, 9 December 2016 (UTC) I'm publishing magnetic susceptibilities in the physical properties portion of organic molecules and inorganic compounds and Im having a hard time getting magnetic susceptibility into the drug boxes. Could someone publish this into the drug box and either add a slot for magnetic susceptibility or post here and update us on how to post magnetic susceptiblity into the drug boxes. | MagSus = -113.328·10−6 cm3/mol . This is the coded format for the physical properties box.
I just made an edit [42] to clarify that the occurrence in plants is very low. I might have done this anyway if I'd thought about it, but this was in response to an article [43] about an Indonesian group which argues [44] that "because nicotine is in vegetables you eat every day, you can't avoid it". I should emphasize that the text we had before was made by a good user giving good facts, and despite my initial fear I don't think the Komunitas Kretek editorial is based on our text because they use a different older reference [45] which gives a far higher figure for nicotine content of foods. Even so, 100 ng/g in an eggplant means that you get 100 ug from a kilo, while there is 120 times that amount in the average cigarette.
Still, when I look at a holocaust in the making, I don't want a single fingerprint of mine on it, so I should ask whether there is more we can do to make it clear how preposterous the "present in all foods" argument really is. I didn't put the comparison I gave above in the article because I thought I'd run into "original synthesis" complaints, but I want to see if there might be room for something like that (or something else) here. Wnt ( talk) 19:42, 19 February 2017 (UTC)
More original research. The part "as well as in tea". is WP:OR or ambiguous. The wording can be a bit more accurate. QuackGuru ( talk) 20:04, 19 February 2017 (UTC)
@
QuackGuru: Can you link me to the diff from this article where content was copied/moved from
Safety of electronic cigarettes into this article? I'd like to add the diff link to the {{
Copied}}
template on this page since the revision should normally be included in that template.
Seppi333 (
Insert 2¢) 18:56, 22 February 2017 (UTC)
The article Nicotine addiction currently redirects to Nicotine#Reinforcement disorders. There is an article about Nicotine dependence which is also referred to in that section of this article. I believe Nicotine addiction is best redirected to Nicotine dependence instead of this article. Some editors believe nicotine dependence and addiction are two different concepts. This is probably true. However, the section of this article does actually mostly talk about dependence and only refers addiction in the shorter second part of the section. However, the article Nicotine addiction actually discusses the difference between the two concepts in some more detail. Very strictly speaking, it would be wrong to redirect Nicotine addiction to either this article or Nicotine dependence. However, I would argue most people wanting to find out more about either dependence or addiction will inevitably follow from Nicotine to the linked article about Nicotine dependence, so taking them first to this article actually has little value add. I therefore request to change the redirect. pseudonym Jake Brockman talk 15:41, 20 October 2017 (UTC)
QuackGuru explained " unsourced and not a summary; this page is about nicotine; too much detail about e-liquid" Now even more content was added to the lede. The WP:LEDE is usually 4 paragraphs for an article of this length. See MOS:LEADLENGTH. The topic is about nicotine. This may be too much detailed content about e-liquid, especially for the lead. QuackGuru ( talk) 22:02, 3 May 2018 (UTC)
In addition to the above, one of the sentences does not have a citation. Maintenance tags were added to address the issues. QuackGuru ( talk) 13:59, 4 May 2018 (UTC)
Many words to see 28 are restored. Paragraphs 3 & 4 of this article are already addressing the issues with nicotine as reported in government studies, and this steering committee is looking at it's use not as a Tobacco Product, but as Nicotine, used in therapeutic ways. Below is what I believe should be the next piece of information readers find before looking at the pure science. Shouldn't readers have access to the most current discourse occuring on the this specific subject?
If I'm wrong, and it should be placed elsewhere- make a suggestion as to what page. BUT JUST TO BE DEVIL'S ADVOCATE: If wiki is opening this science article dealing with nicotine's chemical composition and what it affects with 'editorial' formed by opinions and theories as some read PUBLIC HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF... studies that may be flawed or weighted including questions of merit that are substantiated and ignoring other concerns (bad example: who is helping youth gain access to age restricted products) any reference to youth here beyond the detrimental effects that nicotine has on a developing mind should be removed as not important to the page's topic, just as the minimal information on the Nicotine Steering Committee has been removed. All or none editors. You shouldn't discuss nicotine poisoning without further information. Neutrality. The poisonings are almost exclusively children under the age of 5 according to the American Association of Poison Control Centers. The reader should be made aware that nicotine is a poison and should be handled with care, especially when children are present because AAPCC numbers show us that year after year. Gateway Drug theory is primary another youth related issue. Citation 22 would benefit from the inclusion of this FDA entity. Maybe not. I could be wrong.
The 5th paragraph offered to readers deleted by user:quackguru as not being well summarized and not belonging on this page: Simply putting this on talk before I dare UNDO a change. I'd like to gain more helpful guidance on how to improve the proposed content and it's placement from others.
If I understand Wiki properly, it would be wrong to summarize the contents of their 1st January 2018 meeting which is found in citation, for wiki is not a news vehicle. A citation of the formation of this new entity and a link to the transcript/webcast of their meeting might be helpful to a person researching nicotine... PERHAPS NOT EXACTLY HERE- BUT SOMEWHERE IN ONE OF THE MANY WIKI ARTICLES that links here.
Isn't it also wrong to discuss nicotine use recreationally for only it's stimulating properties, when it's antidepressant and short-term memory boosting effects are other "off use benefits" people opt for in addition to cessation use.
This is all to be taken lightly, and yet, seriously. What is the purpose of this article and does the current format support that purpose exclusively? Are links balanced with helpful tools for the reader. If the American Cancer Society has taken the position that nicotine from e cigarettes, when used without combustibles, is appropriate Tobacco Harm Reduction... shouldn't this page link to THR too. Linkely the reader is curious about Nicotine for a reason. Shouldn't a link to the American Lung Association be here as well... or do such things only belong on CIGARETTE pages? IDK.
Now smile please. These are just questions brought before you to offer eyes on a page you aren't used to seeing through. The fact that Nicotine is being used in studies for Alzheimer's as a remedy to a problem is incredible but true. I think we need to help separate nicotine from the perceived vial thing has ravaged our population with combustible use of the product... the tar and chemical from that are not what is in nicorette gum and patches. Unfortueately the latest HINTS data (Health Information National Trends Study) on Nicotine demonstrates a huge misconception. Cite error: A <ref>
tag is missing the closing </ref>
(see the
help page). supports this assertion?
Seppi333 (
Insert 2¢) 03:44, 21 November 2018 (UTC)
References
The long-term use of nicotine in the form of snus incurs a slight risk of cardiovascular disease compared to tobacco smoking and is not associated with cancer.
A quick search reveals no credible information to support this claim, and quite a bit to refute it. The validity of the attached citation is already in question. Should it be removed? 45.46.179.116 ( talk) 23:26, 31 January 2018 (UTC)
Please do not cover tobacco products in this article. Seppi333 ( Insert 2¢) 18:06, 27 January 2019 (UTC)
References
{{
cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (
link)