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Histologic image showing a section of epidermis. Stratum spinosum labeled slightly below center.

The stratum spinosum (or spinous layer/prickle cell layer) [1] is a layer of the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale. [2] This layer is composed of polyhedral keratinocytes. [3] [4] These are joined with desmosomes. [3] Their spiny (Latin, spinosum) appearance is due to shrinking of the microfilaments between desmosomes that occurs when stained with H&E. Keratinization begins in the stratum spinosum, [5] although the actual keratinocytes begin in the stratum basale. [4] They have large pale-staining nuclei as they are active in synthesizing fibrilar proteins, known as cytokeratin, which build up within the cells aggregating together forming tonofibrils. The tonofibrils go on to form the desmosomes, which allow for strong connections to form between adjacent keratinocytes. The stratum spinosum also contains Langerhans cells, which functions as a macrophage by engulfing bacteria, foreign particles, and damaged cells that occur in this layer. [6] [7] [8]

Clinical significance

Diffuse hyperplasia of the stratum spinosum is termed acanthosis.[ citation needed]

Additional images

  • Epidermis and dermis of human skin
    Epidermis and dermis of human skin
  • Section of epidermis
    Section of epidermis

See also

Spinous cell

References

  1. ^ Rook, Arthur; Burns, Tony (2004). Rook's textbook of dermatology. Blackwell Science. pp. 3.7–3.8. ISBN  978-0-632-06429-8. OCLC  55097298.
  2. ^ James, William D; Berger, Timothy G; Elston, Dirk M; Odom, Richard B (2006). Andrews' diseases of the skin: clinical dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. p. 2. ISBN  978-0-7216-2921-6. OCLC  62736861.
  3. ^ a b Barbieri, J.S.; Wanat, K.; Seykora, J. (2014). "Skin: Basic Structure and Function". Pathobiology of Human Disease. pp. 1134–1144. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386456-7.03501-2. ISBN  978-0-12-386457-4.
  4. ^ a b McBain, A.J.; o'Neill, C.A.; Oates, A. (2016). "Skin Microbiology". Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.99217-1. ISBN  978-0-12-801238-3.
  5. ^ Marks, James G; Lookingbill, Donald P (2006). Lookingbill and Marks' principles of dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. p. 6. ISBN  978-1-4160-3185-7. OCLC  70829704.
  6. ^ Young, Barbara; Heath, John W; Stevens, Alan; Lowe, J S; Wheater, Paul R; Burkitt, H. George (2000). Wheater's functional histology: a text and colour atlas. Churchill Livingstone. ISBN  978-0-443-05612-3. OCLC  43051605.[ page needed]
  7. ^ Di Meglio, Paola; Conrad, Curdin (2016). "Psoriasis, Cutaneous Lupus Erithematosus and Immunobiology of the Skin". Encyclopedia of Immunobiology. pp. 192–203. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374279-7.15008-8. ISBN  978-0-08-092152-5.
  8. ^  This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license. Betts, J Gordon; Desaix, Peter; Johnson, Eddie; Johnson, Jody E; Korol, Oksana; Kruse, Dean; Poe, Brandon; Wise, James; Womble, Mark D; Young, Kelly A (June 28, 2023). Anatomy & Physiology. Houston: OpenStax CNX. 5.1 Layers of the skin. ISBN  978-1-947172-04-3.
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