Pneumoscrotum is an uncommon ailment that presents as an enlarged
scrotal sac. The buildup of gas or air in the
scrotum causes the swelling.[1] Pneumoscrotum refers to two specific conditions: scrotal
pneumatocele and scrotal
emphysema with palpable
crepitus.[2] Pneumoscrotum can arise from a variety of sources, including infections and the dispersal of gas or air from far-off organs or areas.[3]
Causes
Pneumoscrotum is most commonly caused by
iatrogenic factors (colonic perforation following endoscopic
polypectomy) and traumatic factors (thoracic trauma).[2] Additionally, spontaneous causes of pneumoscrotum include gas-producing bacterial infections, spontaneous
pneumothorax, and perforation of hollow abdominal organs.[4]
Mechanism
There are three possible physiopathological explanations for pneumoscrotum. One is that the infection may be brought on by bacteria that produce gas, which allows air to enter the
scrotum directly or diffuse through subcutaneous tissues (such as FG). The existence of an air layer in the
abdominal cavity is another possible mechanism. This air could diffuse into the
scrotum through various peritoneal defects or the fascial planes. Finally, through direct communication, the sternocostal margin of the diaphragm may permit the diffusion of an air layer to the pelvis and abdominal hollow.[2]
Diagnosis
CT,
X-rays, and
magnetic resonance (MR) scans are used to determine the underlying cause to treat the patient.[5] Finding the source of air coming from an abdominal or thoracic source is made much easier with the help of radiological imaging.[6]
^Klimach, O. E.; Defriend, D. J.; Foster, D. N. (1990). "Pneumoscrotum following endoscopic sphincterotomy". Surgical Endoscopy. 4 (4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 230–231.
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^Joseph, R C; Amendola, M A; Artze, M E; Casillas, J; Jafri, S Z; Dickson, P R; Morillo, G (1996). "Genitourinary tract gas: imaging evaluation". RadioGraphics. 16 (2). Radiological Society of North America (RSNA): 295–308.
doi:
10.1148/radiographics.16.2.8966288.
ISSN0271-5333.
PMID8966288.
Trübel, H.; Huth, R.; Krämer, W. (July 27, 1998). "Sudden pneumoscrotum in a ventilated infant". European Journal of Pediatrics. 157 (8). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 689–690.
doi:
10.1007/s004310050912.
ISSN0340-6199.
PMID9727857.
S2CID39290073.