From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Extinct subfamily of reptiles
Geosaurinae is a
subfamily of
metriorhynchid
crocodyliforms from the
Middle Jurassic to the
Early Cretaceous (
Bathonian -
Aptian ) of
Europe ,
North America and
South America .
[1]
[2]
[3] Named by
Richard Lydekker , in 1889, it contains the metriorhynchids
Suchodus ,
Purranisaurus ,
Neptunidraco ,
Tyrannoneustes ,
Torvoneustes ,
Dakosaurus ,
Geosaurus and
Plesiosuchus . The last four taxa form a tribe within Geosaurinae, the Geosaurini . Geosaurinae is one of two subfamilies of Metriorhynchidae, the other being
Metriorhynchinae .
[4]
These marine reptiles were widespread during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, their fossilized remains are being frequently found on various places around the world.
[5]
Phylogeny
Life reconstructions showing the maximum body lengths for the four Geosaurini genera present in the late Kimmeridgian-early Tithonian of Western Europe
Geosaurinae is a
stem-based taxon defined in 2009 as the most inclusive clade consisting of
Geosaurus giganteus , but not
Metriorhynchus geoffroyii .
[1] Geosaurini was named by Lydekker in 1889, and it is a
node-based taxon defined by Andrea Cau and Federico Fanti in 2011 as the least inclusive clade consisting of
Geosaurus giganteus ,
Dakosaurus maximus and
Torvoneustes carpenteri . The
cladogram below follows the topology from a 2020 analysis by Young et al.
[6]
Geosaurinae
"Metriorhynchus" casamiquelai
"Metriorhynchus" westermanni
References
^
a
b Mark T. Young; Marco Brandalise de Andrade (2009).
"What is Geosaurus ? Redescription of Geosaurus giganteus (Thalattosuchia: Metriorhynchidae) from the Upper Jurassic of Bayern, Germany" (PDF) . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 157 (3): 551–585.
doi :
10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00536.x .
^ Mark T. Young; Stephen L. Brusatte; Marcello Ruta; Marco Brandalise de Andrade (2010). "The evolution of Metriorhynchoidea (Mesoeucrocodylia, Thalattosuchia): an integrated approach using geometrics morphometrics, analysis of disparity and biomechanics". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 158 (4): 801–859.
doi :
10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00571.x .
^ Chiarenza AA, Foffa D, Young MT, Insacco G, Cau A, Carnevale G, Catanzariti R (2015).
"The youngest record of metriorhynchid crocodylomorphs, with implications for the extinction of Thalattosuchia" . Cretaceous Research . 56 : 608–616.
doi :
10.1016/j.cretres.2015.07.001 .
hdl :
2318/1537833 .
^ Andrea Cau; Federico Fanti (2011). "The oldest known metriorhynchid crocodylian from the Middle Jurassic of North-eastern Italy: Neptunidraco ammoniticus gen. et sp. nov". Gondwana Research . 19 (2): 550–565.
Bibcode :
2011GondR..19..550C .
doi :
10.1016/j.gr.2010.07.007 .
^ Daniel Madzia, Sven Sachs, Mark T. Young, Alexander Lukeneder and Petr Skupien (2021).
Evidence of two lineages of metriorhynchid crocodylomorphs in the Lower Cretaceous of the Czech Republic . Acta Palaeontologica Polonica . doi:
https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00801.2020
^ Young MT, Sachs S, Abel P, Foffa D, Herrera Y, Kitson JJ (2020).
"Convergent evolution and possible constraint in the posterodorsal retraction of the external nares in pelagic crocodylomorphs" . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 189 (2): 494–520.
doi :
10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa021 .
hdl :
11336/137182 .