The following
outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to green politics:
Green politics –
political ideology that aims for the creation of an ecologically sustainable society rooted in
environmentalism,
social liberalism, and
grassroots democracy.[1] It began taking shape in the western world in the 1970s; since then Green parties have developed and established themselves in many countries across the globe, and have achieved some electoral success.
A few issues affect most of the green parties around the world, and can often inhibit global cooperation. Some affect structure, and others affect policy:
On matters of
ecology,
extinction,
biosafety,
biosecurity, safe trade and
health security, "
Greens" generally agree. There are very substantial policy differences between and among Green Parties in various countries and cultures, and a continuing debate about the degree to which natural ecology and human needs align. Agreement on particular issues is often reached using a
consensus decision making process.
The European Federation of Green Parties formed itself as the European Green Party on 22 February 2004, in the run-up to
European Parliament elections in June, 2004, a further step in trans-national integration.
Fritz Kuhn (Germany; former chair of German Green's parliamentary group 2005-2009 and first Green mayor of Stuttgart since 2012)
Renate Künast (Germany; German Minister of Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture 2001-2005 and chair of the German Green's parliamentary group 2005–2013)
Winona LaDuke (USA; Native American activist and environmentalist; US Green Party's vice-presidential candidate 1996 and 2000)
Brice Lalonde (France; French Minister of the Environment 1991-1992 and founder of the green party Génération Ecologie)
Alain Lipietz (France; Green engineer and economist; member of the European Parliament 1999–2009)
Caroline Lucas (United Kingdom; co-leader of the Green Party of England and Wales 2016–Present and first Green member of the Houses of Commons since 2010)
Ulrike Lunacek (Austria; Vice President of the European Parliament since 2014)
Wangari Maathai (Kenya; environmental and political activist; Nobel Peace Prize winner 2004)
Noël Mamère (France; Green Party's presidential candidate 2002 and former member of the European Parliament)
Elizabeth May (Canada; current leader of the Green Party of Canada and first Green member of the Canadian Parliament)
Ralph Nader (USA; US Green Party's Presidential Candidate 1996 and 2000 as well as independent Presidential Candidate in 2004 and 2008)
Jonathon Porritt (United Kingdom; environmentalist and advocate of the Green Party of England and Wales)
Åsa Romson (Sweden; Swedish Minister for the Environment and Deputy Prime Minister since 2014)
Claudia Roth (Germany; German Green Party leader from 2004 to 2013 and Vice President of the Bundestag since 2013)
Paul Rosenmöller (Netherlands; leader of the Dutch GreenLeft Party 1994–2002)
Otto Schily (Germany; German Interior Minister 1998–2005; later switched to SPD)
E. F. Schumacher (Germany / United Kingdom; Green economic thinker)
Peter Singer (Australia; moral philosopher and Green candidate for the Australian Senate in 1996)
Charlene Spretnak (USA; ecofeminist and cofounder of the US Green Party)
Bart Staes (Belgium; Green member of the European Parliament since 1999)
Jill Stein (USA; US Green Party's Presidential Candidate for 2012, 2016 and suspected 2020 run)
Jaromír Štětina (Czech Republic; Green Senator 2004-2014 and member of the European parliament since 2014)
Jürgen Trittin (Germany; German Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety 1998-2005 and chair of the Green parliamentary group 2009–2013)
Alexander Van der Bellen (Austria; leader of the Austrian Green Party 1997–2008; President of Austria since 2017, making him the second green head of state worldwide, the first directly elected by popular vote)
Raimonds Vējonis (Latvia; President of Latvia since 2015, making him the first green head of state worldwide)
Jason West (USA; former mayor of New Paltz, New York and same-sex marriage activist)
Blair Wilson (Canada; former liberal member of the Canadian Parliament, later became member of the Green Party)