The non-peptide NPS receptor antagonist
SHA-68 blocks the effects of NPS in animals and is
anxiogenic.[18] Several peptide derived NPS agonists and antagonists have also been developed.[19][20][21][22][23]
Peptide sequence
Below are the sequences of mature neuropeptide S in several representative species in which it is expressed:
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Xu YL, Gall CM, Jackson VR, Civelli O, Reinscheid RK (Jan 2007). "Distribution of neuropeptide S receptor mRNA and neurochemical characteristics of neuropeptide S-expressing neurons in the rat brain". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 500 (1): 84–102.
doi:
10.1002/cne.21159.
PMID17099900.
S2CID23864785.
^Reinscheid RK, Xu YL (Dec 2005). "Neuropeptide S and its receptor: a newly deorphanized G protein-coupled receptor system". The Neuroscientist. 11 (6): 532–8.
doi:
10.1177/1073858405276405.
PMID16282594.
S2CID30579961.
^Reinscheid RK (2008). "Neuropeptide S: Anatomy, Pharmacology, Genetics and Physiological Functions". Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Novel Neuropeptides. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation. Vol. 46. pp. 145–58.
doi:
10.1007/400_2007_051.
ISBN978-3-540-78350-3.
PMID18204825.
^
abMochizuki T, Kim J, Sasaki K (May 2010). "Microinjection of neuropeptide S into the rat ventral tegmental area induces hyperactivity and increases extracellular levels of dopamine metabolites in the nucleus accumbens shell". Peptides. 31 (5): 926–31.
doi:
10.1016/j.peptides.2010.02.006.
PMID20156501.
S2CID19981059.
^Camarda V, Trapella C, Calo G, Guerrini R, Rizzi A, Ruzza C, Fiorini S, Marzola E, Reinscheid RK, Regoli D, Salvadori S (Feb 2008). "Synthesis and biological activity of human neuropeptide S analogues modified in position 2". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 51 (3): 655–8.
doi:
10.1021/jm701204n.
PMID18181564.
^Camarda V, Trapella C, Calo' G, Guerrini R, Rizzi A, Ruzza C, Fiorini S, Marzola E, Reinscheid RK, Regoli D, Salvadori S (Oct 2008). "Structure-activity study at positions 3 and 4 of human neuropeptide S". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 16 (19): 8841–5.
doi:
10.1016/j.bmc.2008.08.073.
PMID18793857.