From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices
NGC 4323 is a
lenticular or
dwarf elliptical
galaxy
[7] located about 52.5 million
light-years away in the
constellation
Coma Berenices . The galaxy was discovered in 1882 by astronomer
Wilhelm Tempel
[8] and is a member of the
Virgo Cluster .
[9]
NGC 4323 is commonly misidentified as
NGC 4322 , which is a 13th magnitude
star .
[10]
[11]
Interaction with Messier 100
NGC 4323 is a companion of
Messier 100 ,
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22] which lies 78,000 light-years (24
kiloparsecs ) away.
[13]
[17]
[21] The two galaxies appear to be
interacting ,
[15]
[19]
[20]
[22] as evidenced by Messier 100's rotation curve, an asymmetry of its
HI disk,
[19]
[20] and a faint, optical bridge that connects it to NGC 4323.
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[20]
[22] However, Knapen et al. suggests that the two galaxies are not interacting as NGC 4323 is a small galaxy and has a large separation from Messier 100.
[19]
See also
References
^ Dreyer, J. L. E. (1988). Sinnott, R. W. (ed.). The Complete New General Catalogue and Index Catalogue of Nebulae and Star Clusters . Sky Publishing Corporation and Cambridge University Press.
ISBN
978-0-933346-51-2 .
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
"NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database" . Results for NGC 4306 . Retrieved 2019-08-11 .
^ Rand, Richard J.; Wallin, John F. (2004). "Pattern Speeds BIMA-SONG Galaxies with Molecule-Dominated ISMs Using the Tremaine-Weinberg Method". The Astrophysical Journal . 614 (1): 142–157.
arXiv :
astro-ph/0406426 .
Bibcode :
2004ApJ...614..142R .
doi :
10.1086/423423 .
S2CID
17095983 .
^ Conselice, Christopher J.; O'Neil, Karen; Gallagher, John S.; Wyse, Rosemary F. G. (2003-07-01). "Galaxy Populations and Evolution in Clusters. IV. Deep H I Observations of Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal . 591 (1): 167–184.
arXiv :
astro-ph/0303185 .
Bibcode :
2003ApJ...591..167C .
doi :
10.1086/375216 .
ISSN
0004-637X .
S2CID
18689071 .
^ Koleva, Mina; Bouchard, Antoine; Prugniel, Philippe; De Rijcke, Sven; Vauglin, Isabelle (2013-02-01).
"The transmutation of dwarf galaxies: stellar populations" . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 428 (4): 2949–2965.
Bibcode :
2013MNRAS.428.2949K .
doi :
10.1093/mnras/sts238 .
hdl :
1854/LU-4130746 .
ISSN
0035-8711 .
^ Skrutskie, Michael F.; Cutri, Roc M.; Stiening, Rae; Weinberg, Martin D.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Carpenter, John M.; Beichman, Charles A.; Capps, Richard W.; Chester, Thomas; Elias, Jonathan H.; Huchra, John P.; Liebert, James W.; Lonsdale, Carol J.; Monet, David G.; Price, Stephan; Seitzer, Patrick; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Fullmer, Linda; Hurt, Robert L.; Light, Robert M.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Tam, Robert; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Wheelock, Sherry L. (1 February 2006).
"The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)" . The Astronomical Journal . 131 (2): 1163–1183.
Bibcode :
2006AJ....131.1163S .
doi :
10.1086/498708 .
ISSN
0004-6256 .
S2CID
18913331 .
^
"Your NED Search Results" . ned.ipac.caltech.edu . Retrieved 2017-08-28 .
^
"New General Catalog Objects: NGC 4300 - 4349" . cseligman.com . Retrieved 2017-08-28 .
^
"Detailed Object Classifications" . ned.ipac.caltech.edu . Retrieved 2017-08-28 .
^ Gottlieb, Steve.
"Astronomy-Mall: Adventures In Deep Space NGC objects 4001-4999" . Astronomy-Mall . Retrieved 2020-05-05 .
^
"Notes on the NGC objects, particularly those missing, misidentified, or otherwise unusual (ngcnotes.all)" . Historically-aware NGC/IC Positions and Notes . Retrieved 2020-05-05 .
^ Pan, Hsi-An; Kuno, Nario (April 2017).
"Variation in GMC Association Properties across the Bars, Spiral Arms, Inter-arms, and Circumnuclear Region of M100 (NGC 4321) Extracted from ALMA Observations" . The Astrophysical Journal . 839 (2): 133.
arXiv :
1702.04124 .
Bibcode :
2017ApJ...839..133P .
doi :
10.3847/1538-4357/aa60c2 .
ISSN
0004-637X .
^
a
b Kendall, S.; Kennicutt, R. C.; Clarke, C. (2011-06-11).
"Spiral structure in nearby galaxies - I. Sample, data analysis and overview of results: Spiral structure in nearby galaxies - I" . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 414 (1): 538–564.
arXiv :
1101.5764 .
doi :
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18422.x .
^
a
b Weżgowiec, M.; Urbanik, M.; Beck, R.; Chyży, K. T.; Soida, M. (September 2012).
"The magnetic fields of large Virgo cluster spirals. II" . Astronomy & Astrophysics . 545 : A69.
arXiv :
1208.2845 .
Bibcode :
2012A&A...545A..69W .
doi :
10.1051/0004-6361/201218871 .
ISSN
0004-6361 .
^
a
b
c Wilson, C. D.; Warren, B. E.; Israel, F. P.; Serjeant, S.; Bendo, G.; Brinks, E.; Clements, D.; Courteau, S.; Irwin, J.; Knapen, J. H.; Leech, J. (2009-03-10).
"The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope Nearby Galaxies Legacy Survey. I. Star-Forming Molecular Gas in Virgo Cluster Spiral Galaxies" . The Astrophysical Journal . 693 (2): 1736–1748.
arXiv :
0812.1718 .
Bibcode :
2009ApJ...693.1736W .
doi :
10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1736 .
ISSN
0004-637X .
^
a
b Elmegreen, Debra Meloy; Elmegreen, Bruce G.; Yau, Andrew;
Athanassoula, E. ; Bosma, Albert; Buta, Ronald J.; Helou, George; Ho, Luis C.; Gadotti, Dimitri A.; Knapen, Johan H.; Laurikainen, Eija (2011-08-10).
"Grand Design and Flocculent Spirals in Thespitzersurvey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G)" . The Astrophysical Journal . 737 (1): 32.
arXiv :
1106.4840 .
Bibcode :
2011ApJ...737...32E .
doi :
10.1088/0004-637X/737/1/32 .
hdl :
1854/LU-8622875 .
ISSN
0004-637X .
^
a
b
c Chung, Aeree; van Gorkom, J. H.; Kenney, Jeffrey D. P.; Crowl, Hugh; Vollmer, Bernd (2009-12-01).
"Vla Imaging of Virgo Spirals in Atomic Gas (Viva). I. The Atlas and the H I Properties" . The Astronomical Journal . 138 (6): 1741–1816.
Bibcode :
2009AJ....138.1741C .
doi :
10.1088/0004-6256/138/6/1741 .
ISSN
0004-6256 .
^ Egusa, Fumi; Kohno, Kotaro; Sofue, Yoshiaki; Nakanishi, Hiroyuki; Komugi, Shinya (2009-06-01).
"Determining Star Formation Timescale and Pattern Speed in Nearby Spiral Galaxies" . The Astrophysical Journal . 697 (2): 1870–1891.
arXiv :
0904.3121 .
Bibcode :
2009ApJ...697.1870E .
doi :
10.1088/0004-637X/697/2/1870 .
ISSN
0004-637X .
^
a
b
c
d Knapen, J. H.; Beckman, J. E.; Heller, C. H.; Shlosman, I.; de Jong, R. S. (December 1995). "The Central Region in M100: Observations and Modeling". The Astrophysical Journal . 454 : 623–642.
arXiv :
astro-ph/9506098 .
Bibcode :
1995ApJ...454..623K .
doi :
10.1086/176516 .
ISSN
0004-637X .
S2CID
118989599 .
^
a
b
c
d Knapen, Johan H.; Cepa, Jordi; Beckman, John E.; Soledad del Rio, M.; Pedlar, Alan (October 1993).
"Star Formation in the Spiral Arms of NGC 4321. II. H i Distribution and Kinematics" . The Astrophysical Journal . 416 : 563.
Bibcode :
1993ApJ...416..563K .
doi :
10.1086/173258 .
ISSN
0004-637X .
^
a
b Hernandez, Olivier; Wozniak, Herve; Carignan, Claude; Amram, Philippe; Chemin, Laurent; Daigle, Olivier (2005-10-10).
"On the Relevance of the Tremaine‐Weinberg Method Applied to an Hα Velocity Field: Pattern Speed Determination in M100 (NGC 4321)" . The Astrophysical Journal . 632 (1): 253–265.
arXiv :
astro-ph/0505384 .
Bibcode :
2005ApJ...632..253H .
doi :
10.1086/431964 .
ISSN
0004-637X .
^
a
b
c del Rio, M. S.; Cepa, J. (1998-12-01). "The nature of arms in spiral galaxies. III. Azimuthal profiles". Astronomy and Astrophysics . 340 : 1–20.
Bibcode :
1998A&A...340....1D .
ISSN
0004-6361 .
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
NGC 4323 .