The term "Magyaron" and "Magyaronian", meaning national betrayal or treason, originated in the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century in
Ruthenian environments and was used to describe magyarized
Ruthenians.[15]
Acculturation practices (
magyarization) conducted by Hungarian authorities were the principal factor in the emergence of the Magyarons.[16][17] In the Hungarian kingdom, living conditions and a psychological climate were created which pressured minorities to adapt by renouncing their own national culture, language, political, religious, and other views.[citation needed] In Hungarian society, only adherence to these acculturation practices made it possible to obtain education, occupy a high position and enjoy career advancement, or simply have means of subsistence.[18][19][13]
During
World War II, Magyarons worked closely with the Hungarian government, attacked the Sichovyks (soldiers of
Carpathian Sich) [21][22] and participated in torture and shootings of them.[23][13]
Hungarian-Rusyn People's Council
On November 9, 1918 in Ungvár (now
Uzhhorod,
Ukraine), the "Hungarian-Rusyn People's Council" was formed by the Magyarons, headed by the canon of the
Greek Catholic Eparchy of Munkács, Simeon Sabov (1863–1929). The Hungarian-Rusyn People's Council adopted the "Memorandum", which stated that the Hungarian-Rusyn people would join their homeland, Hungary, and advocated for the integrity of its territory.[24][13]
The main Magyarons party in
Transcarpathia was the
Autonomous Agricultural Union, founded in 1924 by Kurtyak Ivan Fedorovich.[25] This party was called "Kurtyakiv", and its followers were called kurtyakivtsi.[26]
^Giuseppe Motta. Less than nations: Volume 1 and 2 : Central-Eastern European minorities after WWI. Cambridge Scholars Publishing; Unabridged edition (October 1, 2013)
^Czasy Nowożytne. Periodyk poświęcony dziejom polskim i europejskim od XV do XX wieku. Tom VIII (IX) / 2000 [Stanisław Salmonowicz, przewodn. kom. red.] Toruń [etc.] 2000
^Shandor, V. Transcarpathia: historical and legal essay from the XI century. till 1920. /
Vikentii Shandor [
uk]. — New York: Carpathian Union, 1992. — P. 97
^Smiian, P. The revolutionary and national-liberation movement in Transcarpathia of late XIX — early XX century.
Petro Smiian [
uk]. – L.: Publisher of L'viv university, 1968. — 208 p.
^Гай-Нижник П., Яремчук В. На шляху до Української державності в Закарпатті // Збірник наукових праць НДІ українознавства. Київ, 2008. Т. ХХІІ. С. 300—319.