MACS J0416.1-2403 or MACS0416 abbreviated, is a
cluster of galaxies at a
redshift of z=0.397 with a mass 160 trillion times the
mass of the Sun inside 200
kpc (650
kly). Its mass extends out to a radius of 950 kpc (3,100 kly) and was measured as 1.15 × 1015 solar masses.[2] The system was discovered[3] in images taken by the
Hubble Space Telescope during the
Massive Cluster Survey, MACS.[4] This cluster causes
gravitational lensing of distant galaxies producing multiple images.[5][6] Based on the distribution of the multiple image copies, scientists have been able to deduce and map the distribution of
dark matter.[7][8] The images, released in 2014,[9] were used in the
Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) to help scientists peer back in time at the early Universe and to discover the distribution of dark matter.[10]
MACS J0416.1-2403 contains a significant amount of dark matter, which leaves a detectable imprint in visible light by distorting the images of background galaxies.[11]
Very massive cluster of galaxies, MACS0416.1-2403, located roughly 4 billion light-years away.[12]
Galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1–2403 is one of six being studied by the Hubble Frontier Fields programme.[13]
^Jauzac, Mathilde; Eric Jullo; Dominique Eckert; Harald Ebeling; Johan Richard; Marceau Limousin; et al. (23 June 2014). "Hubble Frontier Fields: The Geometry and Dynamics of the Massive Galaxy Cluster Merger MACSJ0416.1-2403". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 446 (4): 4132–4147.
arXiv:1406.3011.
Bibcode:
2015MNRAS.446.4132J.
doi:
10.1093/mnras/stu2425.
^Diego, Jose M. (4 June 2014). "Free Form Lensing Implications for the Collision of Dark Matter and Gas in the Frontier Fields Cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 447 (4): 3130–3149.
arXiv:1406.1217.
Bibcode:
2015MNRAS.447.3130D.
doi:
10.1093/mnras/stu2660.