The song has become so entrenched in
Boston lore that the Boston-area transit authority named its electronic card-based fare collection system the "
CharlieCard" as a tribute to this song.[2] The transit organization, now called the
Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA), held a dedication ceremony for the card system in 2004 which featured a performance of the song by the Kingston Trio, attended by then-governor
Mitt Romney.[1][3]
Overview
The Kingston Trio version begins with a spoken recitation by Dave Guard accompanied by a bowed bass fiddle: "
These are the times that try men's souls. In the course of our nation's history, the people of Boston have rallied bravely whenever the rights of men have been threatened. Today, a new crisis has arisen. The Metropolitan Transit Authority, better known as the MTA, is attempting to levy a burdensome tax on the population, in the form of a subway fare increase. Citizens, hear me out! This could happen to you."
The song's lyrics[4] tell of Charlie, a man who boards an MTA subway car, but then cannot get off because he does not have enough money for new "
exit fares". These additional charges had just been established to collect an increased fare without replacing existing fare collection equipment.
When he got there the conductor told him,
"One more nickel."
Charlie couldn't get off of that train.
The song goes on to say that every day Charlie's wife hands him a sandwich "as the train comes rumbling through" because he is stranded on the train. It is probably best known for its chorus:
Did he ever return?
No he never returned
And his fate is still unlearn'd
He may ride forever
'neath the streets of Boston
He's the man who never returned.
After the third line of the chorus, in the natural break in the phrasing, audiences familiar with the song often
call out "Poor Old Charlie!" or "What a pity!"
As the song fades out, the words "
Et tu, Charlie?" are spoken by Nick Reynolds, meaning "You too, Charlie?"
History
The song, based on a much older version called "
The Ship That Never Returned" (or its railroad successor, "
Wreck of the Old 97"), was composed in 1949 as part of the election campaign of
Walter A. O'Brien, a
Progressive Party candidate for Boston
mayor. O'Brien was unable to afford radio advertisements, so he enlisted local folk singers to write and sing songs from a touring truck with a loudspeaker (he was later fined $10 for "
disturbing the peace").[4][5]
One of O'Brien's major campaign planks was to lower the price of riding the subway by removing the complicated fare structure involving exit fares—so complicated that at one point it required a nine-page explanatory booklet. The Progressive Party had opposed the public buyout of Boston's streetcar system, which it argued enriched the previous private ownership and was followed by higher fares to city residents. In the Kingston Trio recording, the name "Walter A. O'Brien" was changed to "George O'Brien", apparently to avoid risking protests that had hit an earlier recording, when the song was seen as celebrating a socialist politician.[1][6]
Geography
The song has Charlie boarding at the Kendall Square station (now called
Kendall/MIT) and changing for
Jamaica Plain. Kendall is on what is now the
Red Line (the lines were not color-coded until 1965), so his "change for Jamaica Plain" would have been at
Park Street. There, he would have boarded a
#39 streetcar (later the
Green Line E branch) for Jamaica Plain. In 1949, the line went all the way to
Arborway in Jamaica Plain, but the line was truncated to
Heath Street at the northern edge of Jamaica Plain in 1985.
The song further mentions that his wife visited him every day at
Scollay Square, which today is
Government Center on the Green Line.
The
Chad Mitchell Trio song "Super Skier", written by Bob Gibson, used the tune and although its lyrics have nothing to do with subways, ends with a call to "get Charlie off the MTA".
The Front Porch Country Band recorded a song called "The Man Who Finally Returned" about Charlie getting off the MTA because the track's renovation during
the Big Dig.
Bob Haworth, a member of The Kingston Trio, wrote and recorded a song called "MTA Revisited" in 2004.
Fred Small wrote and recorded a parody called "Sergei in the Milky Way" with the true story of Soviet cosmonaut
Sergei Krikalyov, who was temporarily stranded in space when the Soviet Union broke up. Small mimicked the Kingston Trio arrangement almost note for note.
Frank Black sings "You can't get off your stop / Like old Charlie on the MTA" in his song "Living on Soul".
In response to the 2022 monthlong shutdown of the
MBTA Orange Line, a group of local musicians gathered at
Back Bay Station to perform a parody called "Charlie (Baker) on the MBTA," with lyrics mocking the shutdown as well as Massachusetts governor
Charlie Baker's reputation for never utilizing public transit while in office.[8] A clip from the performance was featured on All Things Considered's segment about the shutdown.[9]
Dave Van Ronk recorded "Georgie on the IRT", about a man who is decapitated by a closing door on the New York subway, leaving his body at Times Square while his head endlessly rides back and forth to Flatbush Avenue. The lyrics were written by Lawrence Block, a well-known mystery writer.
Other
The computer scientist
Henry Baker references the song in his paper "CONS Should Not CONS Its Arguments, Part II: Cheney on the M.T.A.", which describes a way of implementing
Cheney's algorithm using
C functions that, like Charlie, never return.[10]
The computer scientists
Guy L. Steele Jr. and
Gerald Jay Sussman also make reference to the song in one of the
Lambda Papers when discussing functions such as the Lisp driver loop which never returns, just like Charlie in the song.[11]
In the video game Aion, a quest involves acquiring enough coins to return to the mainland. On its webpages regarding the two quests,
ZAM Network says, "If you spend your last Kinah getting to Pandaemonium or while in Pandaemonium, you can't get out without the teleport fee, like poor old Charlie."
In 2017, Walter A. O'Brien's daughter, Julie O'Brien-Merrill wrote a children's book based on the song with illustrations by Caitlin Marquis.