This is a list of premodern wars that occurred in the Low Countries until 1560.
Start | Finish | Name of conflict | Belligerents | Outcome | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | ||||
58 BCE | 50 BCE | Gallic Wars | Roman Republic |
Gallic tribes Germanic tribes Celtic Britons Iberian tribes |
Decisive Roman victory
|
54 BCE | 53 BCE |
Ambiorix's revolt (part of the Gallic Wars) |
Roman Republic | Eburones | Roman victory
|
12 BCE | 16 CE |
Early Imperial campaigns in Germania (including the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest) |
Roman Empire | Germanic tribes | Strategic Germanic victory
|
28 | 28 | Battle of Baduhenna Wood | Roman Empire | Frisii | Indecisive; tactical Frisian victory
|
47 | 47 | Gannascus' revolt | Roman Empire |
Cananefates Chauci Frisii |
Roman victory
|
69 | 70 | Revolt of the Batavi | Roman Empire |
Batavi Cananefates Frisii Lingones Treveri |
Roman victory
|
286 | 296 | Carausian Revolt | Roman Empire |
Carausius Franks |
Roman victory
|
c.445 | c.450 | Frankish conquest of Turnacum and Cameracum [2] | Roman Empire | Salian Franks | Frankish victory |
448 | 448 | Battle of Vicus Helena | Roman Empire | Salian Franks | Roman victory |
c.450 | c.450 | Battle of Finnsburg? | Frisii | Danes | Danish victory |
c.525 | c.525 | Battle on the Rhine ? |
Frankish Empire Frisii? |
Danes | Frankish victory |
600 | 793 | Frisian–Frankish wars | Frankish Empire | Frisian Kingdom | Frankish victory
|
715 | 718 | Frankish Civil War (715–718) |
Carolingian faction (Austrasian) Charles Martel Chlothar IV (717–718)
Pippinid faction (Austrasian) |
Neustrian faction Ragenfrid Dagobert III (†715) Chilperic II Redbad of Frisia (716–718) Odo of Aquitaine (independent until 718) |
Carolingian victory
|
772 | 804 | Saxon Wars |
Frankish Empire Obotrite Confederacy |
Saxons Frisians |
Frankish victory
|
834 | 891 | Viking raids in the Rhineland | Vikings | Frankish Empire, splitting into: | Frankish victory
|
978 | 980 | Franco-German war | Holy Roman Empire | West Francia | Status quo ante bellum |
987 | 991 | Charles-Hugh Capet war | Lower Lotharingia | Kingdom of France | French Victory |
1012 | 1018 | Lower Lorrainian war of succession [3] |
County of Verdun Prince-Bishopric of Liège |
County of Leuven & Brussels County of Namur County of Hainaut County of Flanders |
Verdun victory
|
1018 | 1018 | Battle of Vlaardingen | West Frisia (later County of Holland) | Holy Roman Empire | West Frisian victory
|
1037 | 1037 | Odo II invasion of Lotharingia | County of Champagne | Lower and Upper Lotharingia under Gothelo I | ●
Battle of Bar-le-Duc : death of Odo
●Holy Roman Empire victory |
1044 | 1056 | Revolts of Godfrey the Bearded |
Upper Lorraine Pro- Godfrey Lower Lorraine County of Flanders County of Leuven & Brussels |
Holy Roman Empire Pro- Gothelo II Lower Lorraine Pro- Frederick Lower Lorraine Bishopric of Metz |
Compromise
|
1070 | 1071 | War of the Flemish succession (1070–1071) |
Pro-
Robert
Flanders West Frisia (later County of Holland) |
Pro-
Arnulf
Flanders Kingdom of France County of Hainaut County of Boulogne Duchy of Normandy |
West Frisian victory
|
1076 | 1076 | Battle of IJsselmonde | West Frisia (later County of Holland) | Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht | West Frisian victory
|
1101 | 1115 | Wars of Henry of Lower Lorraine | Pro
Henry
Lower Lotharingia
Holy Roman empire (1104-1106) |
Pro
Godfrey
Lower Lotharingia
Holy Roman empire (1101-1104 and 1006-1115) |
Godfrey I, Count of Louvain remain Duke of Lower Lotharingia and Henry became count of Limburg |
1102 | 1105 | German-Flemish war | County of Flanders | Holy Roman Empire | Status quo ante bellum |
1127 | 1128 | War of the Flemish succession (1127–1128) | Pro- William Clito Flanders | Pro- Theoderic of Alsace Flanders | Theoderican victory
|
1128 | 1131 | Godfrey-Waleran war | Pro Godfrey Lower Lotharingia | Pro Waleran Lower Lotharingia | •Battle of Wilderen :
Waleran victory•Waleran became duke of Lower Lotharingia
• Godfrey renonce his title and went to the abbey of Affligem |
1132 | 1297 | West Frisian Wars [4] [5] [6] | County of Holland | West Frisians | Hollandic victory
|
1139 | 1140 | Rebellion of Henry II of Limburg | Pro Henry Lower Lotharingia | Pro Godfrey Lower Lotharingia | • Godfrey victory, he remain duke of Lower lotharingia |
1139 | 1159 | Grimbergen Wars | County of Leuven & Brussels | House of Berthout | Leuven victory
|
1142 | 1142 | Limburg-Fauquemont war | County of Limburg | Lordship of Fauquemont | Limburg victory |
1165 | 1323 | Flemish–Hollandic conflict over Zeeland Bewestenschelde [7] | County of Flanders | County of Holland | Hollandic victory:
Treaty of Paris (1323)
|
1186 | 1263/5 | War of the Namurois–Luxemburgish succession [8] [9] |
House of Namur (
Ermesinde) Limburg-Luxemburg dynasty County of Namur (contested) County of Luxemburg (contested until 1199) |
House of Flanders (Baldwins) County of Hainaut County of Namur (contested) County of Flanders |
Compromise
|
1202 | 1378 | Liégeois–Brabantian Wars |
Prince-bishopric of Liège County of Loon |
Duchy of Brabant Dual Lordship of Maastricht |
Compromise: Truce of Booienhoven |
1203 | 1206 | Loon War |
Ada and
Louis II Loon Supported by: |
William Holland Supported by: England House of Welf |
Military and long-term political victory for
William
|
1212 | 1213 |
War of the Moha Succession (part of the Liégeois–Brabantian Wars) |
Duchy of Brabant | Prince-Bishopric of Liège | Liégeois victory
|
1213 | 1214 | Anglo-French War (1213–1214) |
Kingdom of France Duchy of Burgundy County of Champagne County of Dreux County of Ponthieu County of Saint-Pol Duchy of Normandy Duchy of Bretagne Prince-Bishopric of Liège |
Angevin Empire ( England, Anjou, Normandy, Aquitaine) Holy Roman Empire Flanders- Namur County of Boulogne Hainaut- Holland Brabant- Leuven Duchy of Lorraine Duchy of Limburg Duchy of Saxony Palatinate |
French victory
|
1225 | 1227 | Drenthe–Groningen war |
Burgraviate of
Groningen Bishopric of Utrecht |
Burgraviate of
Coevorden ("Drenthe") Gelkingen |
Drenther victory
|
1228 | 1232 | Drenther Crusade |
Bishopric of Utrecht Frisian crusaders |
Burgraviate of
Coevorden ("Drenthe") Ommelander rebels |
Inconclusive
|
1226/8 | 1231/2 | War of the Succession of Breda [10] | |||
1244 | 1254 | War of the Flemish Succession |
House of Flanders House of Dampierre Supported by: Anjou (3rd conflict) |
House of Avesnes Supported by: Holland (2nd conflict) Zeeland (2nd conflict) |
Compromise
|
1245/50 | 1273/5 | Great Interregnum |
Hohenstaufen party
|
Welf party
|
Compromise
|
1256 | 1422 | Friso-Hollandic Wars | County of Holland | Upstalsboom League Various other Frisian factions |
Holland conquers
West Frisia, but makes no substantial gains in Middle Frisia |
1272 | 1278 | War of the Cow | Prince-Bishopric of Liège | County of Namur | Indecisive
|
1283 | 1289 | War of the Limburg Succession |
Duchy of Brabant County of Loon City of Cologne |
County of Guelders County of Luxemburg Electorate of Cologne |
Brabantian victory
|
1296 | 1335 | Awans and Waroux War [11] | Awans | Waroux | Stalemate
|
1297 | 1305 | Franco-Flemish War |
Kingdom of France Flemish patricians |
County of Flanders County of Namur |
French victory
|
1303 | 1306 | Brussels Revolt | Brabantian artisan guilds | Brabantian
patrician class Duke of Brabant |
Patrician–ducal victory
|
1322 | 1326 | Bredevoorter Feud | Prince-Bishopric of Münster | County of Guelders | Compromise: Peace of Wesel
|
1323 | 1328 | Peasant revolt in Flanders 1323–1328 |
Kingdom of France Flemish count and loyalists |
Flemish rebels | French victory
|
1336 | 1366 |
Wars of the Loon Succession (part of the Liégeois–Brabantian Wars) |
County of Loon
[12] Supported by: Duchy of Brabant (1337–1363) Duchy of Luxemburg (1361–1366) |
Prince-Bishopric of Liège Supported by: Avignon Papacy |
Liégeois victory |
1337 | 1453 | Hundred Years' War | Valois victory
| ||
1350 | 1361 | Guelderian Fratricidal War |
Reginald III, Duke of Guelders Heeckeren faction |
Edward, Duke of Guelders Bronckhorst faction |
Edwardian victory
|
1350 | 1490 | Hook and Cod wars | Hook league (anti-Burgundy) | Cod league (pro-Burgundy) | Cod victory
|
1352 | 1365 | War of the Valkenburg succession [13] |
Reginald of Schönforst
Duchy of Brabant (1364–1365) |
Waleran of Valkenburg | Brabantian victory
|
1356 | 1357 | War of the Brabantian Succession |
Duchy of Brabant Duchy of Limburg Lordship of Mechelen Duchy of Luxemburg |
County of Flanders County of Namur (Jun. '56–Feb. '57) |
Flemish–Guelderian victory
|
1364 | 1368 | First war of Guelders [14] |
Duchy of Brabant Heeckeren faction County of Holland County of Hainaut |
Duchy of Guelders Bronckhorst faction County of Zutphen Bishopric of Utrecht |
Military stalemate, diplomatic Brabantian victory
|
1371 | 1371 | Battle of Baesweiler |
Duchy of Jülich Duchy of Guelders County of Zutphen |
Duchy of Brabant County of Namur County of Ligny |
Jülich–Guelderian victory
|
1371 | 1379 | First War of the Guelderian Succession |
Duchy of Jülich Bronckhorst faction |
Blois Heeckeren faction |
Jülich victory
|
1379 | 1385 |
Revolt of Ghent (1379–1385) (part of the Hundred Years' War) |
Kingdom of France County of Flanders Duchy of Burgundy (1384–5) |
Ghent rebels Kingdom of England (1383–5) |
Franco–Burgundian victory
|
1382 | 1383 |
Despenser's Crusade (part of the Hundred Years' War, Revolt of Ghent and Western Schism) |
Kingdom of France County of Flanders Avignon Papacy |
Kingdom of England Ghent rebels Papal States |
Truce
|
1385 | 1390 | Second war of Guelders [15] [16] |
Duchy of Brabant Duchy of Limburg Duchy of Burgundy Kingdom of France |
Duchy of Guelders County of Zutphen Land of Cuijk Duchy of Jülich |
Guelderian victory
|
1397 | 1399 | Third war of Guelders [17] [18] | Duchy of Brabant | Duchy of Guelders | |
1401 | 1412 | Arkel Wars [19] |
County of Holland Gorinchem (1406–7) |
Land van Arkel Duchy of Guelders (1409–12) |
Hollandic victory
|
1413 | 1422 | Great Frisian War | Vetkopers | Schieringers | Stalemate
|
1423 | 1449 | Utrecht Schism [20] |
Pro-
Rudolf
Utrecht Lichtenbergers Hook league Proysen Papal States (1432–1449) |
Anti-Rudolf
Utrecht Lokhorsten Cod league Duchy of Burgundy Duchy of Guelders (1423–29) Papal States (1423–32) Council of Basel (1431–49) Antipope Felix V (1439–49) |
Lichtenberger victory
|
1438 | 1441 |
Dutch–Hanseatic War (part of the Sound Wars) |
Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands |
Hanseatic League |
Stalemate; compromise |
1442 | 1446 | Hollandic–Bremer war |
County of Holland County of Zeeland County of Flanders Frisian lands |
Bremen | Peace of Harderwijk (1446) |
1449 | 1453 | Revolt of Ghent (1449–1453) |
Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands |
Ghent rebels | Burgundian victory
|
1456 | 1458 | Utrecht war (1456–1458) |
Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands Graauwerts Cod league |
Van Brederode Van Montfoort Lichtenbergers Hook league |
Burgundian victory
|
1458 | 1464 | Donia War [21] | Harinxmas ( Schieringers) | Donias ( Vetkopers) | Successive reconciliations between warring clans |
1459 | 1459 | Revolt against Arnold [22] |
Pro-
Adolf
Guelders Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands |
Pro- Arnold Guelders | Arnoldian victory
|
1465 | 1468 | Wars of Liège |
Prince-Bishopric of Liège Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands |
Liégeois rebels Green Tent Companions Kingdom of France |
Burgundian victory
|
1465 | 1468 | War in Guelders [22] |
Pro-
Adolf
Guelders Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands Electorate of Cologne |
Pro-
Arnold
Guelders Duchy of Cleves County of Mark |
Adolfian victory (
Battle of Straelen )
|
1473 | 1473 | Burgundian conquest of Guelders [23] |
Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands Duchy of Cleves County of Mark |
Duchy of Guelders County of Zutphen |
Burgundian victory
|
1474 | 1477 | Burgundian Wars |
Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands Duchy of Savoy |
Duchy of Lorraine Swiss Confederates |
Franco–Swiss victory
|
1477 | 1482 | War of the Burgundian Succession |
Habsburg: Habsburg Monarchy Duchy of Burgundy Burgundian Netherlands |
Valois-Orléans: Kingdom of France Swiss Confederates Duchy of Guelders |
Treaty of Arras (1482),
Treaty of Senlis (1493)
|
1477 | 1499 |
Guelderian War of Independence (1477–82, 1494–9) (part of the War of the Burgundian Succession) |
Habsburg: Habsburg Monarchy Duchy of Burgundy (1477–82) Burgundian Netherlands Duchy of Cleves (1498–9) Duchy of Jülich (1498–9) |
Guelders: Duchy of Guelders Supported by: Kingdom of France |
Guelderian victory
|
1481 | 1483 |
Utrecht war of 1481–83 (part of the Hook and Cod Wars) |
Cod league Duchy of Burgundy |
Hook league Duchy of Cleves |
Cod victory
|
1483 | 1492 | Flemish revolts against Maximilian |
Habsburg Monarchy Habsburg Netherlands |
County of Flanders | Habsburg victory
|
1488 | 1490 |
Jonker Fransen War (part of the Hook and Cod Wars) |
Cod league (pro-Habsburg) Habsburg Monarchy Habsburg Netherlands |
Hook league (anti-Habsburg) | Cod–Habsburg victory
|
1491 | 1492 | Bread and Cheese Revolt |
Habsburg Monarchy Habsburg Netherlands |
Bread and Cheese folk | Habsburg victory
|
1502 | 1543 | Guelders Wars | Habsburg: Habsburg Monarchy Spanish Empire (incl. Netherlands)
County of Holland Imperial Frisia ( Saxony) (1514–15) Bishopric of Utrecht (1508–28) |
Guelders: Duchy of Guelders Groningen & Ommelanden (1514–36) Frisian rebels (1514–23) Jülich-Cleves-Berg (1538–43) Supported by: County of East Frisia (1514–17) Utrecht rebel groups (1520–28) |
Habsburg victory
|
1514 | 1517 |
Saxon feud (part of the Guelders Wars) |
Imperial Frisia (
Saxony) (1514–15)
Habsburg Netherlands (1515–17) 24 German princes |
City of Groningen |
Compromise
|
1531 | 1534 |
Guelderian feud (part of the Guelders Wars) |
County of East Frisia |
Duchy of Guelders Harlingerland Lordship of Jever |
Guelderian victory; Peace of Logum
|
1539 | 1540 | Revolt of Ghent (1539) |
Habsburg Monarchy Spanish Empire (incl. Netherlands) |
Ghent rebels | Habsburg victory
|
1542 | 1546 | Italian War of 1542–1546 | Holy Roman Empire | Kingdom of France | Inconclusive
|
1551 | 1559 | Italian War of 1551–1559 | Spanish and Imperial (Habsburg) victory |
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