From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
An ocular manifestation of a
systemic disease is an eye condition that directly or indirectly results from a
disease process in another part of the body. There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes.
Diabetes , for example, is the leading cause of new cases of
blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as
diabetic retinopathy and
macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more.[
citation needed ] Other diseases such as
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and
hypertension are commonly found to have associated ocular symptoms.
Systemic allergic diseases
Skin and mucous membrane diseases
Phacomatoses
Collagen diseases
Ankylosing spondylitis
Dermatomyositis
Periarteritis nodosa
Reactive arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Sarcoidosis
Scleroderma
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Temporal arteritis
Relapsing polychondritis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis 50-60% have ophthalmologic manifestations, which can be a presenting feature in a minority of patients. Orbital disease is the most common manifestation, and may result in
proptosis ,
restrictive ophthalmopathy , chronic orbital pain, and in chronic cases, orbital retraction syndrome and intractable socket pain.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis may also cause
inflammation of the optic nerve ,
ophthalmoplegia ,
conjunctivitis ,
keratitis ,
scleritis ,
episcleritis ,
dacrocystitis , nasolacrimnal duct obstruction,
dacroadenitis ,
uveitis , and retinal vasculitis.
Systemic viral infections
^ Bwaka, Mpia A.; Bonnet, Marie-José; Calain, Philippe; Colebunders, Robert; De Roo, Ann; Guimard, Yves; Katwiki, Kasongo R.; Kibadi, Kapay; Kipasa, Mungala A. (1999-02-01).
"Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Clinical Observations in 103 Patients" . The Journal of Infectious Diseases . 179 (Supplement_1): S1–S7.
doi :
10.1086/514308 .
ISSN
0022-1899 .
PMID
9988155 .
^ Ikegami, Tetsuro; Makino, Shinji (2011-05-06).
"The Pathogenesis of Rift Valley Fever" . Viruses . 3 (5): 493–519.
doi :
10.3390/v3050493 .
PMC
3111045 .
PMID
21666766 .
^
"Dengue Eye Disease" . The BMJ . 2017-07-06.
^ Mehta, Salil; Jiandani, Prakash (September 2007).
"Ocular features of hantavirus infection" . Indian Journal of Ophthalmology . 55 (5): 378–380.
doi :
10.4103/0301-4738.33827 .
ISSN
0301-4738 .
PMC
2636028 .
PMID
17699950 .
Systemic bacterial infections
Systemic protozoal infections
Systemic fungal infections
Systemic cestode and nematode infections
Chromosomal disorders and genetic syndromes
Hematologic diseases
Cardiovascular diseases
Endocrine diseases
Gastrointestinal and nutritional disorders
Metabolic disorders
Musculoskeletal disease
Pulmonary diseases
Renal disease
Neoplastic diseases with ocular metastases
See also
References
Pavan-Langston, Deborah (1990). Manual of Ocular Diagnosis and Therapy. Little, Brown and Company.