List of immortalized cell lines overgrown by other, more aggressive cells
Many
cell lines that are widely used for
biomedical research have been overgrown by other, more aggressive cells. For example, supposed thyroid lines were actually melanoma cells, supposed prostate tissue was actually bladder cancer, and supposed normal uterine cultures were actually breast cancer.
[1] This is a list of cell lines that have been cross-contaminated and overgrown by other cells. Estimates based on screening of
leukemia -
lymphoma cell lines suggest that about 15% of these cell lines are not representative of what they are usually assumed to be.
[2] A project is currently underway to enumerate and rename contaminated cell lines to avoid errors in research caused by misattribution.
[3]
[4]
[a]
Contaminated cell lines have been extensively used in research without knowledge of their true character. For example, most if not all research on the
endothelium ECV-304 or the
megakaryocyte DAMI cell lines has in reality been conducted on
bladder
carcinoma and
erythroleukemia cells, respectively. Thus, all research on endothelium- or megakaryocyte-specific functions utilizing these cell lines has turned out to be misguided, serving more of a warning example.
There are two principal ways a cell line can become contaminated: cell cultures are often exchanged between research groups; if, during handling, a sample gets contaminated and then passed on, subsequent exchanges of cells will lead to the contaminating population being established, although parts of the supposed cell line are still genuine. More serious is contamination at the source: during establishment of the original cell line, some contaminating cells are accidentally introduced into the cultures, where they in time outgrow the desired cells. The initial testing, in this case, still suggested that the cell line is genuine and novel, but in reality, it has disappeared soon after being established and all samples of such cell lines are actually the contaminant cells. It requires lengthy research to determine the precise point where cell lines have become contaminated. A mix-up rated as contamination could in reality be a simple confusion of two cell lines, but usually contamination is assumed.[
citation needed ]
After a cell line has been discovered to be contaminated, they are usually never used again for research demanding the specific type of cell line they are assumed to be. Most contaminated cell lines are discarded, however sometimes contaminant cells have acquired novel characteristics (e.g., by
mutation or viral
transfection , for example the
HeLa derivate Det98) and thus constitute a novel lineage after all, so are not thrown away. If a cell line is thought to be contaminated, it is usually tested for authenticity.
[b] The widespread contamination of HeLa cells was initially recognized by
Walter Nelson-Rees using simple
Giemsa stain
karyotyping under a
light microscope . This technique works well in recognizing HeLa because these cells have distinctive
chromosome aberrations. Novel cell lines are proliferated and distributed and/or deposited at a safekeeping institution such as the
ATCC as soon as possible after establishment, to minimize the odds that the line becomes spoiled by contamination. It is considered
good practice to periodically check cell lines maintained under laboratory conditions (i.e., not placed in long-term storage) for contamination with HeLa or other common contaminants, to ensure that their quality and integrity are maintained.[
citation needed ]
Lists of contaminated cell lines
This list, containing 488 cell lines, was last updated on 1 December 2016.
[c]
Cellosaurus also is maintaining a list of "problematic" cell lines.
[6] The list is dynamically generated from all cell lines in the database with a comment containing the dedicated words "Problematic cell line". As of 17 January 2017
[update] , the list contains 757 entries.
If no species is given in the individual entries of the following tables, the table's species applies to both the assumed and the actual cell types.
Cell lines marked Virtual in the table below are known instances of contamination at the source; these cell lines became extinct or never existed. Cases where non-contaminated lines are known or strongly suspected to exist are marked Existent .
Contaminated human cell lines
Supposed cell line
Existent?
Supposed cell type
Real cell line
Real cell type
Reference
Cellosaurus
207
Existent
pre-B cell
leukemia
REH or CCRF-CEM
pre-B cell or
T cell
leukemia
[7]
CVCL_K034
2474/90
Virtual
stomach
carcinoma
HT-29
colon
carcinoma
[7]
CVCL_9556
2563, MAC-21
lung
lymphoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[8]
CVCL_M629 ,
CVCL_M627
2957/90
Virtual
stomach
carcinoma
HT-29
colon
carcinoma
[7]
CVCL_9557
3051/80
Virtual
stomach
carcinoma
HT-29
colon
carcinoma
[7]
CVCL_9558
ADLC-5M2
Virtual
lung
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[7]
CVCL_8169
AG-F
Virtual
Hodgkin's disease
CCRF-CEM variant
T cell
leukemia
[9]
CVCL_D101
AO
Virtual
amnion
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_D631
ARH-77
Existent?
plasma cell
leukemia
unknown
Epstein-Barr virus -transfected
B cell
lymphoblastoid
[9]
CVCL_1072
AV3
Virtual
amnion
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_1904
BCC1/KMC
Virtual
basal cell
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[7]
CVCL_A033
BE-13
Virtual
T cell
leukemia
PEER
T cell
leukemia
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_1081
BJA-B
Existent
Burkitt's lymphoma
REH
pre-B cell
leukemia
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_5711
BLIN-1, -1E8
Virtual
pre-B cell
leukemia
NALM-6
pre-B cell
leukemia
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_8173
BM-1604
Virtual
prostate
carcinoma
DU-145
prostate
carcinoma
[7]
CVCL_1968
BrCa 5
Virtual
breast
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[8]
CVCL_D280
BT-20
Existent
breast
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[8]
CVCL_0178
CaMa (cl 15)
Virtual
breast
carcinoma
unknown
Laboratory mouse /
Golden hamster cells
[8]
CVCL_1T14
CaOV
Virtual
ovarian
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_M091
CaVe
Virtual
stomach
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[8]
CVCL_8444
Chang liver
liver
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
;
[10]
Lacroix (2008)
CVCL_0238
CHB
Virtual
astrocytoma
unknown
Laboratory rat
glial cells ?
[8]
CVCL_1R45
CMP, CMPII C2
Virtual
intestinal
adenocarcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_D297
CVCL_L115
CO (COLE)
Virtual
Hodgkin's disease
CCRF-CEM
T cell
leukemia
[9]
CVCL_J653
COLO-818
Virtual
melanoma
COLO-800
melanoma
[7]
CVCL_1998
D18T
Virtual
synovial cell
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_8669
DAMI
Virtual
megakaryocytic
HEL
erythroleukemia
MacLeod et al. (1997a, b)
CVCL_4360
DAPT
Virtual
pilocytic astrocytoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_D279
Detroit 6 (Det6)
Virtual
sternal marrow
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_2436
Detroit 30A (Det30A)
Virtual
carcinoma
ascites
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_8674
Detroit 98 (Det98), Det98/AG, Det98/AH-2, Det98/AHR
Virtual
sternal marrow
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_8188
DD
Virtual
malignant histiocytosis
K-562
terminal
CML
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_J651
EB33
Virtual
prostate
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_8344
ECV-304
Virtual
normal
endothelium
T-24
bladder
carcinoma
Dirks et al. (1999);
Lacroix (2008)
CVCL_2029
EH
Virtual
hairy cell leukemia
HK
hairy cell leukemia
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_L804
ElCo
Virtual
breast
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_8686
EPLC-32M1
Virtual
lung
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[7]
CVCL_8193
EPLC-65H
Virtual
lung
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[7]
CVCL_8194
ESP1
Virtual
Sporadic
Burkitt's lymphoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_8351
EU-1
Virtual
pre-B cell
leukemia
REH
pre-B cell
leukemia
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_8857
EU-7
Virtual
T cell
leukemia
CCRF-CEM
T cell
leukemia
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_8865
EUE
Virtual
fetal
subcutis
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[8]
CVCL_7262
EVLC2
Virtual
transfected
umbilical vein
endothelium
unknown
non-
endothelial ?
Unger et al. (2002)
CVCL_8687
F2-4E5
Virtual
thymus
epithelium
SK-HEP-1
liver
carcinoma
[7]
CVCL_A040
F2-5B6
Virtual
thymus
epithelium
SK-HEP-1
liver
carcinoma
[7]
CVCL_A041
F255A4
Virtual
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[8]
CVCL_8688
FL
Virtual
amnion
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_1905
FQ, RB, RY, SpR
Virtual
Hodgkin's disease
spleen
OMK-210
Three-striped night monkey
kidney
[8]
CVCL_L984 ,
CVCL_L985 ,
CVCL_U964 ,
CVCL_L986
G-11
Virtual
breast
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[8]
CVCL_U962
GHE
Virtual
astrocytoma
T-24
bladder
carcinoma
[7]
CVCL_8199
Girardi heart
heart
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
;
[10]
Lacroix (2008)
CVCL_2254
GM01312
myeloma
unknown
Epstein-Barr virus -transfected
B cell
lymphoblastoid
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_J111
GM01500
myeloma
unknown
Epstein-Barr virus -transfected
B cell
lymphoblastoid
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_D870
GREF-X
Virtual
liver
myofibroblast
unknown
Laboratory rat cell line
[7]
CVCL_7667
HAEND
liver
angiosarcoma
unknown
non-
endothelial ?
Unger et al. (2002)
CVCL_8690
hAG
Virtual
adenomatoid
goitre
T-24
bladder
carcinoma
[7]
CVCL_8223
HBC
Virtual
infiltrating ductal carcinoma
unknown
Rat cell line
[8]
CVCL_M630
HBT3, HBT-E, HBT-39b
Virtual
breast
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_D281 ,
CVCL_M746 ,
CVCL_J652
HCE
Virtual
cervical
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_M619
HEK
Virtual
embryonic
kidney
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_M624
HEK/HRV
transfected
embryonic
kidney
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_M625
HEL-R66
Virtual
embryonic
lung
unknown
Grivet cell line
[8]
CVCL_1R39
HEp-2
Virtual
larynx epidermoid
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
Chen (1988);
Lacroix (2008)
CVCL_1906
HIMeg-1
Existent?
CML
HL-60
myeloblastic
leukemia
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_8439
HKB-1
Virtual
Hodgkin's disease
unknown
unknown
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_5290
HMV-1
Virtual
melanoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[7]
CVCL_8233
HPB-ALL
Existent
T cell
leukemia
Jurkat
T cell
leukemia
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_1820
HPB-MLT
Virtual
T cell
leukemia
HPB-ALL
T cell
leukemia
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_7959
hPTC
Virtual
papillary
thyroid
carcinoma
unknown
Domestic pig cell line
[7]
CVCL_8224
HS-445
Hodgkin's disease
unknown
Epstein-Barr virus -transfected
B cell
lymphoblastoid
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_0761
HS-Sultan
Virtual
multiple myeloma
plasmacytoma
Jijoye
Endemic
Burkitt's lymphoma
Drexler et al. (2001)
CVCL_2516
HuK°39
Virtual
kidney
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[8]
CVCL_8283
HuT
Virtual
fibrosarcoma-derived cell line 8387
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[8]
CVCL_M861
IM-9
multiple myeloma
unknown
Epstein-Barr virus -transfected
B cell
lymphoblastoid
;
[9]
Lacroix (2008)
CVCL_1305
IMC-2
Virtual
maxillary
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[7]
CVCL_8245
Intestine 407 (INT 407)
Virtual
intestinal
epithelium
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
;
[10]
Lacroix (2008)
CVCL_1907
J96
Virtual
leukemic
blood
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_3990
J111
Virtual
monocytic
leukemia
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
;
[10]
Lacroix (2008)
CVCL_2965
JHC
Virtual
placenta
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_M093
JHT
Virtual
transfected
placenta
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[8]
CVCL_M620
JOSK-I, -K, -M, -S
Virtual
monocytic
leukemia
U-937
histiocytic
lymphoma
[7]
CVCL_2082 ,
CVCL_81411 ,
CVCL_2083 ,
CVCL_8142
K051
Existent?
myeloblastic
leukemia
K-562
terminal
CML
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_3000
Karpas 45
Existent
T cell
leukemia
unknown
unknown
[9]
CVCL_1326
KB
Virtual
oral
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
;
[10]
Lacroix (2008)
CVCL_0372
KBM-3
Existent
monocytic
leukemia
HL-60
myeloblastic
leukemia
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_A425
KE-37
Existent
T cell
leukemia
CCRF-CEM
T cell
leukemia
[9]
CVCL_1327
KM-3
Existent?
pre-B cell
leukemia
REH
pre-B cell
leukemia
[9]
CVCL_0011
KMS-21-BM
Existent?
myeloma
unknown
unknown
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_2991
KPB-M15
Virtual
terminal
CML
KYO-1
terminal
CML
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_5308
KP-P1
Virtual
prostate
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_D283
L132
Virtual
embryonic
lung
epithelium
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
;
[10]
Lacroix (2008)
CVCL_1908
L-540
Existent
Hodgkin's disease
CCRF-CEM
T cell
leukemia
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_1362
L-591
Existent?
Hodgkin's disease
unknown
Epstein-Barr virus -transfected
B cell
lymphoblastoid
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_1867
LED-Ti
cervical
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[8]
CVCL_8438
LR10.6
Virtual
pre-B cell
leukemia
NALM-6
pre-B cell
leukemia
[7]
CVCL_8260
LU
Virtual
fetal
lung
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[8]
CVCL_M631
LU 106
Virtual
embryonic
lung
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[8]
CVCL_8892
M10T
Virtual
synovial cell
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_M094
MA160
Virtual
prostate
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_8261
MaTu
Virtual
breast
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[7]
CVCL_5328
MB-02
Existent
megakaryoblastic
leukemia
HU-3
megakaryoblastic
leukemia
[9]
CVCL_7075
MC-4000
Virtual
breast
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[7]
CVCL_5331
MC/CAR
plasma cell
leukemia
unknown
Epstein-Barr virus -transfected
B cell
lymphoblastoid
[9]
CVCL_1397
McCoy
Virtual
synovial cell
Strain L
Laboratory mouse
connective tissue
[10]
CVCL_3742
MDA-MB-435
Virtual
breast
carcinoma
M14
melanoma
Ellison et al. J Clin Pathol Mol Pathol 55, 294-9;
Lacroix (2008)
CVCL_0417
MDS
Virtual
monocytic
leukemia
Jurkat
T cell
leukemia
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_L807
MHH-225
Existent?
megakaryoblastic
leukemia
Jurkat
T cell
leukemia
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_8894
Minnesota EE
Virtual
esophageal
epithelium
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_8264
MKB-1
Virtual
T cell
leukemia
CCRF-CEM
T cell
leukemia
[7]
CVCL_8265
MOBS-1
Virtual
monocytic
leukemia
U-937
histiocytic
lymphoma
[9]
CVCL_8442
MOLT-15
Virtual
T cell
leukemia
CTV-1
monocytic
leukemia
[7]
CVCL_8150
MT-1
Virtual
breast
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
;
[7]
Lacroix (2008)
CVCL_0441
MUTZ-1
Virtual
T cell
leukemia
Namalwa
Burkitt's lymphoma
[9]
CVCL_1431
NCTC2544, NCTC3075
Virtual
skin
epithelium
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
;
[10]
Lacroix (2008)
CVCL_0461 ,
CVCL_8156
NCI-ADR-RES
Virtual
breast cancer
OVCAR-8
high grade serous
ovarian cancer
Liscovitch & Ravid (2007)
CVCL_1452
NOI-90
Virtual
natural killer cell
lymphoma
REH
pre-B cell
leukemia
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_8462
OE
Virtual
endometrium
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_J350
OU-AML-1, -2. -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8
Virtual
acute myeloid leukemia
OCI/AML2
monocytic
leukemia
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_8391 ,
CVCL_8392 ,
CVCL_8393 ,
CVCL_8394 ,
CVCL_8395 ,
CVCL_8396 ,
CVCL_8397 ,
CVCL_8398
P1-1A3
Virtual
thymus
epithelium
SK-HEP-1
liver
carcinoma
[7]
CVCL_A042
P1-4D6
Virtual
thymus
epithelium
SK-HEP-1
liver
carcinoma
[7]
CVCL_A046
P39/Tsugane
Existent
myeloblastic
leukemia
HL-60
myeloblastic
leukemia
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_0478
PBEI
Virtual
pre-B cell
leukemia
NALM-6
pre-B cell
leukemia
[7]
CVCL_8270
PLB-985
Virtual
monocytic
leukemia
HL-60
myeloblastic
leukemia
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_2162
RAMAK-1
Virtual
muscle
synovium
T-24
bladder
carcinoma
[7]
CVCL_8271
RBHF-1
Virtual
hepatoma
unknown
non-human mammal cell line
[7]
CVCL_Y465
RC-2A
Existent?
monocytic
leukemia
CCRF-CEM
T cell
leukemia
[9]
CVCL_L808
RED-3
Virtual
acute myeloid leukemia
HL-60
myeloblastic
leukemia
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_8907
REH-6
Virtual
pre-B cell
leukemia
unknown
Laboratory mouse cell line
[9]
CVCL_L803
RM-10
Virtual
terminal
CML
K-562
terminal
CML
[9]
CVCL_8463
RPMI-6666
Hodgkin's disease
unknown
Epstein-Barr virus -transfected
B cell
lymphoblastoid
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_1665
RPMI-8402
Existent
T cell
leukemia
unknown
unknown
;
[9]
Lacroix (2008)
CVCL_1667
RS-1
Existent?
megakaryoblastic
leukemia
K-562
terminal
CML
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_8423
Rsp
Hodgkin's disease
unknown
Epstein-Barr virus -transfected
B cell
lymphoblastoid
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_M628
RT4
Existent
bladder
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_0036
SA4
Virtual
liposarcoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_8910
SAM-1
Virtual
terminal
CML
K-562
terminal
CML
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_8440
SBC-2
Virtual
bladder
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[7]
CVCL_1677
SBC-7
Virtual
bladder
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[7]
CVCL_1680
SCLC-16H, -24H
Virtual
small cell
lung
carcinoma
SCLC-21/22H
small cell
lung
carcinoma
[7]
CVCL_X025 ,
CVCL_8262
SH-2
Virtual
breast
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_M622
SH-3
Virtual
breast
carcinoma
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_M383
SPI-801, -802
Virtual
T cell
leukemia
K-562
terminal
CML
[7]
CVCL_2200 ,
CVCL_2201
SR-91
Virtual
T cell
leukemia
AML-193
monocytic
leukemia
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_8441
SW-527
Virtual
tumor
SW-480/
SW-620
colon
adenocarcinoma
[8]
CVCL_3799
SW-598
Virtual
tumor
SW-480/SW-620
colon
adenocarcinoma
[8]
CVCL_F649
SW-608
Virtual
tumor
SW-480/SW-620
colon
adenocarcinoma
[8]
CVCL_F653
SW-613
Virtual
tumor
SW-480/SW-620
colon
adenocarcinoma
[8]
CVCL_F650
SW-732
Virtual
tumor
SW-480/SW-620
colon
adenocarcinoma
[8]
CVCL_F651
SW-733
Virtual
tumor
SW-480/SW-620
colon
adenocarcinoma
[8]
CVCL_F652
T-1
Virtual
kidney
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[8]
CVCL_M858
T-9
Virtual
transfected
somatic
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_M092
T-33
Existent?
terminal
CML
K-562
terminal
CML
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_8427
TDL-1, TDL-2
Virtual
tonsil lymphoid
P3JHR-1
Burkitt's lymphoma
[8]
CVCL_8428 ,
CVCL_8429
TDL-3
Virtual
tonsil lymphoid
RPMI-1788
lymphoblastoid
[8]
CVCL_8430
TDL-4
Virtual
tonsil lymphoid
Raji
Burkitt's lymphoma
[8]
CVCL_8431
TI-1
Virtual
myeloblastic
leukemia
K-562
terminal
CML
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_L806
TMM
terminal
CML
unknown
Epstein-Barr virus -transfected
B cell
lymphoblastoid
[9]
CVCL_1894
TuWi
Virtual
Wilms' Tumor
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
[10]
CVCL_8275
U-937
Existent
histiocytic
lymphoma
unknown
unknown
[9]
CVCL_0007
UMJF-2
myeloma
unknown
Epstein-Barr virus -transfected
B cell
lymphoblastoid
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_M548
UT-7
Existent
histiocytic
lymphoma
unknown
unknown
[9]
CVCL_2233
UTMB-460
Virtual
B cell
CCRF-CEM
T cell
leukemia
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_8276
WISH
Virtual
amnion
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
;
[10]
Lacroix (2008)
CVCL_1909
Wong-Kilbourne
Virtual
conjunctiva
HeLa
cervical
adenocarcinoma
;
[10]
Lacroix (2008)
CVCL_2764
WSU-ALCL
Virtual
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
CCRF-CEM
T cell
leukemia
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_A036
WSU-CLL
Virtual
B cell
leukemia
REH
pre-B cell
leukemia
Drexler et al. (2002a)
CVCL_A049
YAA
Virtual
monocyte
U-937
histiocytic
lymphoma
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_8466
YAP
Virtual
monocyte
U-937
histiocytic
lymphoma
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_8467
YJ
Virtual
monocytic
leukemia
HL-60
myeloblastic
leukemia
Drexler et al. (2003)
CVCL_8931
Contaminated non-human cell lines
Notes
^ The original citation was ambiguous on which of these citations was being referenced, so both have been added here.
^ The citations of this article contain some papers on how common contaminates can be recognized.
^ An updated list can be obtained from International Cell Line Authentication Committee website.
[5]
References
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External links