^Various international sources limit their population estimates to DKI Jakarta itself (the national capital district). However, the urbanization of Jakarta extends into the regencies of
Tangerang,
Bekasi,
Bogor and
Karawang and the separate cities of
Bekasi,
Depok and
Bogor. Demographia continues to use the "Jakarta" name instead of
Jabodetabek because of its familiarity.
^The population is higher than other agglomeration estimates (such as the United Nations), tend to be limited to
Metro Manila, which is a province level jurisdiction. The continuous urbanization of Manila extends outward into
Bulacan,
Cavite,
Laguna,
Rizal and
Quezon provinces. The Demographia population estimate is a "build-up" of municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration).
^Includes satellite cities in
Gyeonggi Province such as
Suwon,
Goyang,
Seongnam,
Bucheon and
Ansan which are treated as separate urban agglomerations by the United Nations.
^Includes
Nara and
Himeji. United Nations estimates separate Osaka–Kobe and Kyoto and exclude both Nara and Himeji. Excludes urban area of
Ōtsu (700,000; 389 km²).
^
abcdeHong Kong and Shenzhen are treated as separate urban areas because of the lack of freedom of labor movement without trade, immigration or customs barriers. Guangzhou–Foshan, Shenzhen and Dongguan are also treated as separate urban areas which constitute the
Pearl River Delta economic zone. Likewise, urban areas of
Jiangmen–
Xinhui (600,000; 130 km²) and
Taishan (350,000; 21 km²) within the prefecture-level city of Jiangmen,
Huizhou–Huiyang (500,000; 93 km²) within the prefecture-level city of Huiyang,
Zhuhai (530,000; 117 km²),
Zhongshan (410,000; 130 km²) and
Zhaoqing (310,000; 41 km²) as well as urban area of
Macau (525,000; 23 km²) in are excluded. Population estimates for Shenzhen and Dongguan are based upon press reports, since the national census excludes millions of residents who do not have permanent resident status.
^The population is lower than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which include metropolitan area population not within the continuously developed urban area. The Demographia population estimate is a "build-up" of sub-municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration). Excludes urban area of
Tangshan (900,000; 168 km²).
^The population is higher than other agglomeration estimates (such as the United Nations), which does not include all of the continuously developed urban area. Continuous urbanization extends well beyond the municipality of Kuala Lumpur, for example to
Port Klang and the area represents a single labor market (metropolitan area). The Demographia population estimate is a "build-up" of municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration).
^Excludes urban area of
Wanzhou (200,000; 16 km²) within the municipality of Chongqing. The direct-controlled municipality of Chongqing, which is sometimes translated as the direct-controlled city of Chongqing, has the largest population of any organism called a city in the stretches far beyond any reasonable definition of a metropolitan area and has a land area similar to that of
Austria.
^
abcdeShanghai, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Nanjing, Wuxi and Changzhou are treated as separate urban areas which constitute the
Yangtze River Delta economic zone. Urban areas of
Ningbo (1,920,000; 570 km2), Cixi City (915,000; 259 km2) and
Yuyao (370,000; 111 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Ningbo,
Shaoxing (795,000; 254 km2) and
Zhuji (400,000; 85 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Shaoxing,
Jiaxing (750,000; 130 km2) and
Tongxiang (510,000; 52 km2)within the prefecture-level city of Jiaxing,
Kunshan (580,000; 401 km2) and
Taicang (350,000; 91 km2) within the prefectrual level city of Suzhou,
Wenling (510,000; 52 km2),
Jiaojiang (375,000; 41 km2),
Taizhou (300,000; 39 km2) and
Huangyan (200,000; 34 km2) within the prefectrure-level city of Taizhou,
Fuyang (370,000; 49 km2) within the prefecture-level city of Hangzhou,
Nantong (735,000; 85 km2),
Yangzhou (725,000; 49 km2),
Huzhou (690,000; 111 km) and
Zhenjiang (510,000; 36 km2) are also excluded.
^Excludes urban area of
Fushun (625,000; 104 km²).
^Excludes urban area of
Johor Bahru (860,000; 583 km²) in Malaysia.
^Excludes urban areas of
Acheng (300,000; 39 km²) and
Shangzhi (250,000; 16 km²) within the sub-provincial city of Harbin.
^Excludes urban area of
Kitakyūshū (1,800,000; 1,166 km²). Some sources combine Fukuoka with Kitakyūshū (such as the United Nations), which is not a part of the continuous urbanization of Fukuoka. The Demographia population estimate is a "build-up" of municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration).
^Fukuoka and Kitakyūshū are treated as separate urban areas. Some sources combine Fukuoka with Kitakyūshū (such as the United Nations), which is not a part of the continuous urbanization of Fukuoka. The Demographia population estimate is a "build-up" of municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration).
^Tianjin Statistical Information NetArchived 2008-09-25 at the
Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 2009-01-29. Total population as of 2005-11-01 of the following districts (core city + inner suburbs): Heping, Hedong, Hexi, Nankai, Hebei, Hongqiao, Dongli, Xiqing, Jinnan, and Beichen. Excludes the separate urban area of
Binhai.